Buddhism, who can answer this?

Buddhism, Christianity and Islam are one of the three major religions in the world. From the 6th century BC to the 5th century BC, Sakyamuni was founded in ancient India. Later, it spread widely in Asia and around the world, and had a great impact on the social, political and cultural life of many countries.

Chinese name

Buddhism

birthplace

Ancient India

Main distribution area

East Asia, Southeast Asia

founder

Sakyamuni

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Historical origin?

origin

The founder Sakyamuni was born in Lumbini, Nepal, and is the prince of Sakyamuni people. There are still different opinions about his date of birth and death in Buddhism circulating in the north and south. It is generally believed that he was born in the 6th century BC to the 5th century BC. When he was a teenager, he felt that things were changeable and thought deeply about ways to get rid of the suffering of life. Becoming a monk at the age of 29. After becoming a Buddha (Buddha, a freelance translator), he publicized his enlightenment to the public in the middle of the Ganges River valley in India, and more and more believers, thus organizing religious groups and forming Buddhism. At the age of 80, he was detained in Naga Nirvana.

develop

After the establishment of Buddhism, it has evolved several times in India. Buddhism advocated by the Buddha and his direct disciples is called fundamental Buddhism. After the Buddha's nirvana, his disciples adhered to the four truths, the eight right paths and other basic teachings, and maintained his practice during his lifetime in the life of a cult. Because when the Buddha was alive, he had different views on different objects on different occasions, so his disciples had different understandings of this. About 100 years after the demise of Buddhism, Buddhism was divided into two schools, namely, Satanism and Vulgarism, which were called Fundamentalism. After 100 years, the division continues, and it splits into 18 or 20 parts, which is called the branch school. There are different opinions about the time, year, name and region of the division of ministries and commissions. At that time, Buddhism spread from the Himalayas in the north to the Kisnat River (Krishna River) in the south. It is generally believed that the largest part directly separated from the seat means that everything has a part. There is a great difference in doctrine between the upper north (represented by everything) and the mass department. The main differences between the two parts are: ① understanding of law (things and existence). The Ministry of Mass believes that "the past and the future are not real" and that "the existing body can exist in name only", that is, all reality is born and died according to karma, the past is extinct, there is no entity, the future is lifeless and lifeless, and only the present has legal body and function; It is said that all ministries hold dharma bodies forever, and the past, present and future three generations are also true, that is, the so-called "dharma bodies are eternal" and "three generations are true", which is the so-called "I am empty of dharma" ② Understanding of Buddhism. According to the Mass Department, the Buddha Sakyamuni, who was born and died in the world, was incarnated rather than incarnated. The true body of Buddha is accumulated through long-term practice. He has infinite life and strength, all his words are random, and he speaks all the laws with one voice. It is said that all things deny that Sakyamuni is the incarnation of the Tao, and that not everything the Buddha says is taught, nor is it all said at once. (3) Understanding of voice and bodhisattva. The public department emphasizes the compassion and willingness of all sentient beings in the breadth of bodhisattvas, and pays attention to bodhisattvas through whispers. Although it is acknowledged that there are differences between hearing, feeling and bodhisattva's ability to practice roots and Tao, it is considered that there is no difference between Buddha and hearing and feeling.

Around the Gregorian calendar, stupa worship became popular among Buddhists, thus forming the original Mahayana cult-Bodhisattva. Some of them practice and propagate Mahayana thought and practice according to Mahayana Sutra, Vimalakīrti Sutra and the wonderful Lotus Sutra, forming two systems, namely, Chinese School (empty school) and Yoga School (school), and dismissing early Buddhism as Hinayana.

About 500 years after the Buddha's nirvana, the Mahayana school rose. Long Shu, the founder of this school, expounded the ideas of "emptiness", "middle way" and "two truths", and his disciple Tipo continued to carry forward the Dragon Tree Theory and further developed Mahayana Buddhism. Later, Qing Bian, Yue Shuo, etc. expounded the middle school thought from different angles, and formed the self-sustaining school and the ought-to-be school. At the same time, Hinayana Buddhism says that everything has a Ministry, a Ministry of classics and so on, and it continues to develop.

About 900 years after the Buddha's nirvana, the Yoga School rose. The founder of this school is Wu Zhu and his relatives. Nothing means that all bhikkhus have a part, but they are not satisfied with all bhikkhus' teachings, so the Mahayana doctrine is expounded. His younger brother is very close to his family. Originally, he said that all schools of thought have their own systems, but later he never changed Mahayana again, so he was called "Thousand-School Division". Wu Shu and his relatives carried forward the theory of "only knowing everything" and "three realms of idealism". Since then, there have been four main inheritors: Nantuo, An Hui, Dignā ga and Protector. After the protector, there are sages and relatives.

After the 7th century, Indian esotericism became popular and approached Hinduism after the 8th century. Boluo Dynasty built another super Buddhist temple outside Nalanduo Temple as the center of studying and spreading esoteric religion. After the 9th century, the esoteric religion became more prosperous, and Vajrayana, Quanshengcheng, and Time Wheel Ride were formed one after another. Since 1 1 century, the influence of Islam has gradually entered all parts of East India. By the beginning of13rd century, many important temples in the South Asian subcontinent, such as Chaojie Temple, were destroyed, monks scattered and Buddhism disappeared.

range

Buddhism was originally popular only in the Ganges valley in central India. During the Peacock Dynasty, King Ashoka regarded Buddhism as the state religion, extensively built stupas, carved decrees and doctrines on cliffs and stone pillars, and spread to many places in the South Asian subcontinent. At the same time, teachers were sent to neighboring countries to preach, starting from Myanmar in the east, Sri Lanka in the south and Syria and Egypt in the west, making Buddhism gradually become a world religion.

Buddhism spread to all parts of Asia, which can be roughly divided into two routes: first from the south to Sri Lanka, and then from Sri Lanka to Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Laos. It spread northward to China via Pamirs, and then from China to Korea, Japan, Vietnam and other countries.

Buddhism spread to Sri Lanka during the Peacock Dynasty in the 3rd century BC. King Ashoka once sent his son Mahendra to Sri Lanka to teach Buddhism. In BC 1 century, there were two major schools of Buddhism in Sri Lanka: the Great Temple School and the Fearless Mountain Temple School. Mahayana Buddhism was introduced into Sri Lanka in the first half of the 3rd century, and the South Temple School was divided into the Fearless Mountain Temple School. At the beginning of the 5th century, Jueyin collated and annotated Sanzang in Pali, and established a complete teaching system of attendance. The Great Western School is regarded as the orthodox school of Southern Buddhism. Buddhism in Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and other countries all inherited the legal system of Sri Lankan temple school. /kloc-After 0/2 century, Buddhism in Sri Lanka was destroyed twice due to the invasion of foreigners and colonists, and then reintroduced from Myanmar and Thailand.

Buddhism was introduced into Myanmar from Sri Lanka in the 4th-5th century. 1 1 In the middle of the century, King Anulutuo of Bagan Dynasty established the earliest unified feudal dynasty in Myanmar, and once regarded Dasi Buddhism as the state religion. Later dynasties built a large number of magnificent pagodas to protect Buddhism, such as the Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, which was built in18th century.

Buddhism was introduced into Thailand from Sri Lanka around12nd century. /kloc-In the 3rd century, the Sukhothai dynasty in Thailand declared Buddhism as the state religion. /kloc-kings of Bangkok dynasty in the 0 th and 8 th centuries all believed in Buddhism. /kloc-After the middle of the 0/9th century, Rama IV reformed Buddhism and formed two schools, old and new, which have continued to this day. 1919-1927 published all the notes of Sanzang and the classics outside Tibet. Thailand is currently a prosperous country of Buddhism in Southeast Asia, known as the "country of monks".

In the 5th and 6th centuries, Buddhism was introduced into Funan (early Cambodia) and spread by Mahayana and Mahayana. Funan changed its name to Zhenla in the 6th century, and its religious belief was that Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism existed at the same time, which was obviously reflected in the religious ceremonies of Angkor Wat and many palace buildings in the 9th-/Kloc-0th/2nd century. /kloc-After the middle of the 0/4th century, Cambodia became a vassal state of Thailand, and Buddhism was introduced into Thailand. Later, Laos introduced Buddhism from Cambodia.

Since the 5th century, Buddhism has been introduced to Sumatra, Java, Bali and other places in Indonesia. According to the Book of Changes of China monks, Hinayana Buddhism prevailed in Indonesian islands in the middle of the 7th century, and later dynasties believed in Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism. Islam began to prevail in the15th century.

Around A.D., Buddhism was introduced into China. In the Han Dynasty, it was regarded as a kind of magic. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, many schools appeared all over the country. Sui and Tang Dynasties entered its heyday, and many sects with China national characteristics were formed. After the Song Dynasty, various schools of Buddhism tended to merge, and the contradiction between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism gradually disappeared. Buddhism was introduced into Tibet, China from India and China in the 7th and 8th centuries. Tibetan Buddhism was formed after the middle of 10 century, and then spread to Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu, Mongolia and Buryat Mongolia.

At the end of the 2nd century, Buddhism was introduced into Viet Nam from China. It spread widely in the 4th-5th century. From 10 to14th century, Vietnamese Buddhism entered a period of prosperity. Buddhism in Thailand and Myanmar also influenced Buddhism in Vietnam.

Buddhism was introduced into Koguryo, Korea from China in the second half of the 4th century. After the Silla Dynasty unified the Korean Peninsula in the 7th century, Huayan Sect, Legalist Sect and Zen Sect introduced from China were very popular, especially after that. Xiaosan was published at the end of 14. Although the Li Dynasty adopted the policy of rejecting Buddhism and worshiping Confucianism in the14th century, Korean Buddhism developed, and began to decline after the middle of the17th century, and revived in modern times.

Buddhism was introduced to Japan from China through Korea in the 6th century, and has been the main religion in Japan ever since. At the beginning of the 7th century, Shoto Kutaishi required all his subjects to "convert to the Three Treasures" in the Seventeenth Constitution. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties in China, Japan has sent a large number of monks to study in China, and the main sects of Buddhism in China have been introduced to Japan. /kloc-after the 0/2 century, Japanese Buddhism formed many nationalized sects.

Buddhism spread to Syria, Egypt and other countries during Asoka's rule in India, and later spread to parts of Africa, but it had little influence.

/kloc-At the end of 0/9 and the beginning of the 20th century, Buddhism was first introduced to Europe and North America. 1906, the British Buddhist Association was established in Britain, and European Buddhists began to have their own organizations. Later, there were Buddhist monks and research institutions in Britain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and other countries. After Buddhism was introduced into the United States, it spread to Canada in the north and to Brazil, Peru, Argentina and other countries in the south.

At present, Buddhism has spread to all continents in the world. But it is still mainly concentrated in East Asia and Southeast Asia, where the number of Buddhist believers far exceeds that of other religions.

Faction?

After Buddhism spread to various regions, due to the influence of local society, politics and culture, its form and content also changed, forming many sects.

China: There are three systems: Chinese, Tibetan and Pali. In the process of development, they each formed some schools and sects. Buddhism in China mainly includes Tiantai Sect, Sanlun Sect, Faxiang Sect, Legalist Sect, Pure Land Sect, Zen Sect, Huayan Sect and Tantric Sect. Tibetan Buddhism mainly includes Ningma School, Gadang School, Kagyu School, Sakya School and Gelug School. In addition, there are several small factions, such as Xie Xie, Jueyu, Juenang and Xia Lu. Among them, the Gelug Sect is the largest. Bali Buddhism mainly includes Runrun (divided into Bai Ba and Bai Sun tribes), Baizhuang, Duolie (divided into Dagong Dan, Suttman, Ruijing and Myanmar tribes) and Zuo Yi.

Japanese: Tiantai Sect, Yanzhen Sect, Pure Land Sect, Pure Land Sect, Zen Buddhism (Lin Ji, Cao Dong, Huangbai), Rilian Sect, Fazong, etc. In modern times, there are some new sects belonging to the Japanese lotus family, such as Sōka Gakkai and Li Zheng.

Korea: There are Cao Xizong, Tiantai Sect, Nirvana Sect, Archaean Sect, and Yuanji Sect.