What festival is the fifteenth day of the tenth lunar month?

The winter solstice is one of the 24 solar terms in the China lunar calendar. When is the solstice in winter? Every year is different. There is a folk proverb in Chaoshan that "the solstice in winter does not leave November", which refers to the lunar calendar. Gregorian calendar dates are very accurate. Most years are February 22nd of 12, but some are February 20th or 23rd of 12. The ancients said that the solstice in winter was as big as a year. The hipster sage learned from his life practice that on the solstice of winter, "the sun is at the South Pole and the shadow is extremely long". According to modern astronomical science, the sun shines directly on the tropic of Capricorn on the solstice. Chaoshan is located in the northern hemisphere, with the shortest day and the longest night in a year. Therefore, there is a folk saying that "the winter festival night is the longest and the sky is rare". There is also a folk song "Winter Festival night, leisurely, glutinous rice balls are not eaten, the sky is not bright". "Winter festival pills, a Chinese New Year". It is usually called another name for "New Year Plus" or "Small New Year". The weather from winter to Sunday is closely related to the weather and agricultural activities throughout winter. There is a saying in an agricultural proverb: "There is no rain on the solstice in winter, and it is sunny in winter". The agricultural proverbs and health care proverbs in Chaoshan from winter to sunrise are rich in folk customs and meteorological contents: "The winter solstice is at the end of the month, and it is cold;" Winter solstice in the middle of the month, cold and frost-free; The winter solstice is at the end of the month and the cold is in February. " "Winter is in the first place, selling is to buy cattle; Winter is coming to an end, selling cattle to buy quilts. " "Winter festival, Sue. Warm sunshine); The winter festival is red and rainy (wet rain). " "Winter solstice rises, and cows freeze to death in the New Year." "Winter solstice is sunny, and the next year will be fruitful." "Winter solstice. The crops are followed by peaches and Li Nai. " "There is no straw on the winter solstice, and it will fall off overnight." Second, "it is not cold on the winter solstice, but not hot on the summer solstice." "In winter till the solstice, a plow is not as good as a gold. Plow gold before winter solstice and iron after winter solstice. " There is also: "winter solstice radish summer solstice ginger, timely food is not painful." The solstice in winter is very dry, bells ring and people cough. Holiday proverbs are a summary of the practical experience of hipsters. On the ninth day of winter solstice, the folk activities of Chaoshan Winter Festival are rich and colorful. Interestingly, it has a unique connection with the ninth day, which makes this festival full of philosophy, but also has a strong lake culture. Analysis of Nine. The ancient book says: "The fifteenth day after the heavy snow is the time to hit your fingers from the winter solstice." Solstice of winter. The eleventh day of the lunar calendar and one of the 21st to 23rd days of the solar calendar. Influx people regard the solstice of winter as "New Year's Eve"; Therefore, it is called the Winter Festival. As the saying goes; "Winter solstice is nine years old", from the winter solstice, it entered the "counting nine", and hipsters also have the custom of "counting children". According to the past theory of "Yin and Yang", odd number is Yang, and "nine" is the largest number of Yang, which is called "extremely positive number". The ancients said: "Winter is a sunny day", and the winter couplet written by Raoping County poet Yang said: The month is long and the end is short; Mid-winter solstice to Changyang. Another name for Long Moon and November of the lunar calendar. The coffin is the shadow of the sun. I not only noticed the seasonal characteristics of the nickname "Midwinter Festival" mentioned above, but also showed that the soul of the sun would rise from the winter solstice. Good will overcome evil. The divination of "Nine" is predictive. Rao Pingyang also wrote the second pair of winter festival couplets. One is: it is auspicious to blow phlegm by law; In winter, when snow indicates a bumper harvest year; The second is: add embroidery to the sweet boudoir every day; Moving fly ash in the winter solstice room. Both couplets demonstrate the good custom of "divination" from the winter solstice, and the two difficulties of "blowing" and "fly ash" must be understood from the definition of "burning ash": in ancient times, in order to predict the solar terms, reed films were burned into ash and put into a method tube, and the ash in the corresponding method tube would fly out by itself when it reached a certain solar term. As can be seen from the couplets, there is a custom of divining for nine days before the incense, and there is a proverb in Rongcheng, Jieyang: "Winter Festival is at the beginning of the month, New Year's Eve is cold, there is no frost in the month (warm winter), the end of the month is cold, and February is cold." Again; "Winter is dark and autumn is cool (sunny and warm), winter is red and autumn is rainy (rainy during the Spring Festival)" The influx of people predicted that "the winter solstice will be over nine" is quite effective. "Nine". There is a Kowloon Lane in Rongchengdian Street, Jieyang. The resident's surname is Lin, and his hometown is Lin Tiandu. His father gave birth to nine sons. He went to the city to start a business and establish a clan, so the left lane was named Jiulong Lane. In the winter festival, four red sweet balls are placed on the hearts. Nine dragons, four in the world, and the same voice, this folk activity has the profound meaning of "nine sons were born in dragons" and "passed down from generation to generation" Write "Nine" The owner of "Cao Lu" in Ximenchi, Rongcheng, Jieyang, Guo wrote 19 couplets, each with nine words. Li Anyun: The soft shadow of sunshine and wind just took a photo; Is Qionglou Yuyu high or not? Write the temporal and spatial landscape of the winter festival extranet, and the next part shows Su Shi's famous sentence of "solo visit to Jixiang Temple on the winter solstice". Painting "Nine" Chaozhou's painting "Nine" is different from the nine-petal plum blossom painting in Beijing and the Central Plains, and it is also different from the painting "Nine Flowers to Eliminate Cold". For example, the winter festival products in Huilai county are called "big balls", which are divided into two categories: one is called "Hongsi", which shows that rice is covered with red dye and small flowers cut with various pigments are stacked on it, which is called "group flowers"; The other, without Redmi, uses small scissors to cut out words, patterns, animal figures or patterns on a smooth surface, which is called hairballs. It is an admirable handicraft, adding ingenuity and artistic charm to the Winter Festival, which is rare and precious in the folk history of eastern Guangdong. On the solstice of winter, there are customs such as ancestor worship, eating incense pills and sweeping graves. Sacrifice to ancestors: On this day, Chaoshan people prepare three kinds of sacrifices and fruits, such as pork, chicken and fish, and go to the ancestral temple to worship their ancestors. Then the family eats a meal around the table, usually before noon, and the family gets together at lunch. But in coastal areas, such as the seamounts in Raoping, ancestors sacrificed in the early morning before fishermen went out to sea to fish, which means asking gods and ancestors to bless fishermen's fishing safety. Eating sweet pills: the ancients thought that "the solstice in winter is the sun, and everything wakes up." Although it is still in the cold season, people have already smelled the breath of spring. According to legend, there is a custom of "drinking food and paying tribute to the elderly" from winter solstice in Han Dynasty. Sweet pills have been popular since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Sweet pills are not only sweet soup made of glutinous rice flour and water pills, but also the most representative food from winter to Sunday. Before the winter festival, farmers' housewives poured glutinous rice flour (now mostly rolled mechanically), and some exchanged needed items as gifts for relatives and friends. On the morning of the Winter Festival, adults and children often sit around bamboo gourds or big plates. Each person extracts a powder ball made of glutinous rice flour and water in advance and rubs it into marbles with both hands, which is called "Winter Festival Pill". "Winter Festival Pill" symbolizes family reunion at the end of the year. Some "Winter Festival Pills" also contain orange cakes, winter melon candy and bean paste, commonly known as "Duck Mother Cup". "Winter Festival Pills" can be kneaded into different shapes at will, which is a good sign of "Gongsun Pills". Winter sweet pills are usually cooked before dawn. After the family gets up, they should eat a bowl of "Winter Festival Pills". There is a saying in Chaoshan folk that "the Chinese New Year will be celebrated as soon as the winter festival pills are eaten", commonly known as "adding the year", which means that although one year has not passed, everyone has added a year. Children are most eager to eat this bowl of sweet pills, and often wake up at night and ask the morning? However, the sky seems to be joking with the children, and it is always not bright. Therefore, there is a nursery rhyme of "Winter Festival Night, a long time, fragrant pills are not cooked". In fact, every year on the solstice of winter, the night is the longest, and after the solstice of winter, it gradually becomes shorter. This custom is almost common in Chaoshan area, but it also contains an interesting custom: on this day, after people worship their ancestors, they will take out some sweet nine and stick them on their doorposts, beams and rice jars. According to legend, there are two reasons: first, sweet pills are sweet and round, which means beauty. It heralds another bumper harvest and family reunion next year. If a family can meet by chance on this day, just like the "water splashing festival" of ethnic minorities, it is a good sign. If an outsider happens to visit on this day and let an outsider meet him, these outsiders will also have good luck. Therefore, people do not want outsiders to visit on this day. One is for mice. According to legend, the seeds of grain were bitten by rats from far away for farmers to plant. In order to repay the contribution of mice, farmers agreed to leave a small part uncut when harvesting every year for mice to eat. Later, because a greedy man harvested all the grains in the field, the mouse complained to Guanyin Bodhisattva in a rage. Guanyin Bodhisattva felt very sorry for her, so she gave her a pair of hard teeth and told her to move into someone else's house to find food in the future. Since then, rats have been doing evil everywhere. Become one of the "four evils" today. However, this custom of "sticking fragrant pills everywhere" will not last long after all. Not only unsanitary, but also unsightly and wasteful, it naturally dies out. And this custom of "eating sweet nine" has been passed down to this day. Going to the cemetery: This is another activity from the winter solstice. According to the Chaoshan custom, the annual grave sweeping is generally in Qingming and the solstice of winter, which is called "spring paper" and "winter paper". Generally speaking, the custom of "handing out spring paper" should be carried out three years before death, and "winter paper" can only be carried out three years later. But most people like to bring "winter paper", because it often rains during the Qingming period and the road is difficult to walk; On the solstice of winter, the weather is fine, which is very suitable for picnicking in the mountains. There is also a saying in Chaoshan that "you are one year older after eating the Winter Festival". According to Mr. Wang Ling 'an's On the Old Customs of Shantou, "people have two explanations for this: one is that the winter solstice is a small year, and one year should be added after the small year; This proverb comes from prisoners. In ancient times, every autumn was the season of killing people. Prisoners who commit capital crimes are usually executed in autumn. If they hadn't been executed on the winter solstice, they might have been put off until next year, so they said, "another year." Chaoshan custom is a part of Chaoshan culture. In the long-term life and social practice, people inherit good customs and abandon bad ones. The custom of "going to the grave to sweep the grave" from the winter solstice is to commemorate the hard work of ancestors, and "eating sweet pills" is to herald another bumper harvest in the coming year, which is naturally inherited.

Festival at the age of ⊙

The first day of the first month, commonly known as "New Year". Early in the morning, every household sets off firecrackers, commonly known as "opening the door" to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Vegetarian breakfast, worship Buddha and God. I usually eat porridge, but I have to eat dry food on this day, which means that it won't rain when I go out. On this day, everyone should say auspicious words. No swearing, no sweeping the floor, no pouring dirty water, no cutting with a knife, no asking for debts from others. When a child breaks a plate, he should immediately say "Don't be jealous, don't overdo it" or "Open your mouth and you will have money". On the second day of the second year, families eat meat to worship their ancestors, commonly known as "shame." Friends and acquaintances meet and say "new glory and new happiness" to each other. There is also a saying that "the first day is early, the second day is awkward, and the third day sleeps for half a day." On the fourth day, everyone closed their eyes, firecrackers continued until midnight, and the incense in the temple was more vigorous. It was not until the fifth day, commonly known as "after the fifth day, everyone looked for a job class", that people began to carry out normal work and productive labor. The last day of Lunar New Year's Eve is called New Year's Eve, and this night is called New Year's Eve. Chaoshan custom calls it "Chinese New Year". Before New Year's Eve, people are busy preparing all kinds of new year's goods: buying chicken, duck and fish; Add new clothes; Newly purchased furniture and appliances; Buy New Year pictures, Spring Festival couplets, etc. I especially want to buy oranges, green olives and other fruits as auspicious symbols. Welcome friends and relatives. Before the Chinese New Year, men want a new haircut and women want to "pull their faces". Nowadays, most women have haircuts and beauty treatments. Lunar calendar1February 24th is the day when "immortals" go to heaven to report their work. From that day on, every household was cleaning, packing things and bills, which was called "picking up". One or two days before New Year's Eve, every household is making all kinds of new year's goods. Families who go out on New Year's Eve have to rush home for reunion. On New Year's Eve, the whole family sat around the fire and had a reunion dinner. After dinner, adults give "lucky money" to children and their parents. At night, the farmer's water tank should be full of water, the rice tank should be full of rice, and the lights can't go out, which symbolizes the good omen of "more than one year old" and "more than one year old". The custom of vigil on New Year's Eve is very common. Waiting for the arrival of the new year, the New Year bell rings and firecrackers sound in every household. The first day of the first lunar month in the Spring Festival is called Yuan Day, which is the head of the New Year and the beginning of spring. At the dawn of heaven, I heard guns. On the big table in the hall of every household, red plates are filled with good luck (oranges are bigger than oranges, so they are called good luck), green olives and various exquisite sweets. Decorated with lanterns in front of the door, the younger generation wishes the older generation tea. On this day, most families should be vegetarian, at least not eating meat for breakfast. After breakfast, adults and children go to relatives and friends' homes to pay New Year greetings with good luck, and the host and guest exchange blessings, congratulations on making a fortune and adding blessings. The host treats you with Daji, Betel nut (the ancient custom of honoring Betel nut is now changed to green olive) and * * * congou. The guest presents Daji to congratulate the host on his good luck, and the host wants to give it back with Daji, which is said to be a good wish. On the morning of New Year's Day, many lion dance classes and English song teams beat gongs and drums to pay New Year greetings to every household in every village, and the host set off firecrackers to welcome them. There are also auspicious sentences such as hand-cranked evergreen leaves (commonly known as cash cows) or "lucky money into treasure" posted on people's doors with books in hand; Or those who play suona, knock on bamboo boards, sing songs, make four sentences and say auspicious words from door to door to pay New Year greetings are all asking for some money. On the second and third days of junior high school, rural towns organized many cultural activities to celebrate the Spring Festival. In addition to putting up a theater shed to perform Chaozhou Opera, Mountain Opera and Shadow Play, there are also gongs and drums, tigers and lions, English singers and dragon dancers marching in the villages along the street. There are also movies, ball games, calligraphy and painting exhibitions, lantern riddles and so on. During the day and night, people flock to visit and enjoy it, creating a lively and joyful atmosphere for the Spring Festival. After all the houses in every household are decorated, New Year's Eve is coming. Therefore, housewives are busy preparing the most abundant and meaningful reunion dinner in a year. A family reunion dinner, as its name implies, is a family gathering for dinner during the Chinese New Year, and even the deceased ancestors will not forget it. Therefore, after a good reunion dinner, every household should first "worship their husbands" (worship their ancestors). When offering sacrifices to ancestors, the incense burner representing ancestors should be removed from the shrine, put on the altar, and then burn incense to pray and invite ancestors to dinner. Then the old and the young bowed down in turn, fully demonstrating the traditional virtues of the hipsters, being cautious to the end, pursuing the distance, and putting all virtues first. After the sacrifice, the food for ancestor worship was reheated, and a big table was set in the hall, and the whole family gathered around. This is a wonderful time for every family to get together. No matter how far apart the family is at ordinary times, or how many zits there are at ordinary times, we should talk and laugh at this time, and we should not say anything sad or make noise. After dinner, housewives were busy clearing the table, so a cleaning activity began. This time, we don't have to care too much about cleaning, just for cleaning. Unlike the time at the end of the year, you have to brush pine grass. Then he lit a fire in the stove and began to prepare the offering to God tomorrow-vegetarian food. There are many kinds of vegetarian dishes, including taro, sweet potato, jujube, peanut, taro and sweet potato. All the ingredients of vegetarian dishes should be prepared and dried at noon. When frying vegetarian dishes, put the iron pot and inject a lot of peanut oil when the fire is good. When the oil boils, mix these materials with the slurry and put them into the pan, which will make squeaks and bubbles in the oil pan. Huang Chengcheng is especially attractive when cooking. At this time, if there are guests at home, the hostess will serve a plate of freshly fried vegetarian dishes, and then soak in mellow congou tea to let you taste delicious Chaoshan snacks. Sending lucky money is an important part of Chaoshan Spring Festival custom. The elders should give money to the younger generation, and the younger generation who can earn money should also give money to the elders. Money can't be sent directly to wait for a while, but it should be packed in a profit bag or a red paper bag. This is commonly known as "pressing the abdomen and waist", which means that from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, the pockets will be full of reality and wealth. What is particularly interesting is that when a child sleeps, his parents will put a large bill in his belly pocket and bring it back after waking up. Paying New Year greetings and sending oranges is also called "paying homage to righteousness". In the early morning of the first day of junior high school, people get up and put on new clothes. The first thing they do is to pay homage to themselves. It is often the younger generation who wishes the elders first, and then the elders give their expectations to the younger generation. After breakfast, each of them pays a New Year call to relatives and friends. As the Chaoshan saying goes, "the first day and the second day have the meaning of New Year's greetings, and the third day and the fourth day have no intention of New Year's greetings." It is said that the sooner you pay a New Year call, the more you can see its sincerity. Therefore, some people go to pay New Year greetings to relatives and friends immediately after getting up, and then eat after coming back. No matter how many gifts people bring, oranges (Chaozhou oranges) are indispensable. Big orange takes its homonym "Daji". It doesn't matter if you take more and less, but it can't be odd. People who pay New Year greetings enter the doors of relatives and friends, and they should look at different people and say different greetings. Say "Happy New Year" and "Longevity is better than Nanshan" to the old people, and they will grin. For those who have jobs, saying "smooth work" and "progress in the new year" will make the listeners very happy; If you are a business person, what you hear most is "making a big profit in the New Year" and "making a fortune and benefiting the market"; If children are studying, what they want most is to make progress in their studies and achieve excellent results in the new year. Send this greeting to them, and they will be very friendly to you. After being seated, the host will make famous Chaoshan congou tea to entertain the guests. Before leaving, the host will leave two oranges in the gift of the recipient, and then exchange his oranges in order to bring good luck to the other party. Humorous people often only put two oranges in their trouser pockets when they go out to pay New Year's greetings. After the New Year call, the two oranges are still in his trouser pocket. Therefore, good-hearted people call the New Year's greetings at the beginning of the year "orange-changing movement". On the second and third day of the first month, the married daughter goes back to her mother's house to celebrate the New Year with her husband and children. When a daughter returns to her mother's house, there must be a big bag of biscuits and sweets distributed by her mother to her neighbors, just like the scene of the New Year. If there are many daughters at home, and these daughters don't come back on the same day, then we must share one at a time. The gift is quite thin, just four biscuits. However, it reflects a strong feeling. What is the real "courtesy is light and affection is heavy", which expresses the girl's yearning for the villagers. When the girl goes home, if there is a nephew at home, menstruation has to pay again. Although she gave lucky money on New Year's Day, this time it had a different meaning. This custom is called "eating midnight snack" by Chaoshan people. As the name implies, it's just lunch, and the daughter must get back to her husband's house before dinner.

≡ Seven dishes a day ≦

On the seventh day of the first month, there is a local custom of eating seven dishes. In Chaoshan plain, the custom of eating seven kinds of vegetables on the seventh day of the first month has a long history: on this day, people cook seven kinds of vegetables together, which means that they can see clearly and prosper. This custom can be traced back to the Jin Dynasty. Dong Xun, the minister of Ichiro Jin, wrote in the Book of Rites Q&A: "The first day of the first month is a chicken, the second day is a dog, the third day is a pig, the fourth day is a sheep, the fifth day is a cow, the sixth day is a horse, and the seventh day is a man", so it is called "People win the festival". People must eat a cake made of seven kinds of vegetables every day, and then eat seven kinds of vegetables without making those cakes. Seven kinds of dishes in Chaoshan area are cooked in one pot and eaten at noon, which is called "seven kinds of soup". These seven dishes are generally radish, Chinese cabbage, onion, garlic, leek, celery and spring vegetables. Because radish is "innocent"; Leek, commonly known as long dish, adopts "rejuvenation" like spring dish; Onions are "smart"; Celery needs diligence; Garlic and thick vegetables are "cost-effective". Before eating, the elders will always say: the home is clean, clean in vain, rejuvenated in the New Year, smart and hardworking, everything is cost-effective, and everything is unscrupulous. In fact, there is a certain scientific basis for people to eat seven kinds of vegetables every day. At this time, spring came, the weather turned warmer, and vegetables gradually increased. Eating assorted vegetables can adapt the stomach to the changes of seasons. Eating "seven dishes" on the seventh day of the first month is an ancient custom in the Central Plains, which can be preserved for a long time on the Chaoshan land because of its kindness. It makes people have a good mood, at the same time, it also entrusts people with the wish of looking forward to wealth, smooth sailing and good luck.

The ninth day of the right month.

The rural areas in Chaoshan area call the ninth day of the first month "Tianshou", and its story comes from the creation of Nu Wa Niangniang. The first day is rooster day, the second day is dog day, the third day is pig day, the fourth day is sheep day, the fifth day is ox day, the sixth day is horse day, the seventh day is human day, the eighth day is valley day, the ninth day is sky day, and the tenth day is earth day. On this day, women prepared incense sticks and lent bowls, and put them in the open air at the entrance of patio lane to pray for God's blessing. There are still many taboos on the day of "Destiny": after getting up and washing your face in the morning, don't pour the water from the washbasin into the gutter and the ground for fear of polluting God's face. Once you do this, you will be afraid of being scolded by God. Open-air places do not sweep the floor on the same day, and the garbage swept in the house should be parked until the next day; Women's underwear is not allowed to be hung outside, but indoors, otherwise it will be a disgrace to God, and the collision of Yin and Yang will be blamed by God; Farmers don't pick up dung, for fear of splashing on the ground, polluting God and Grandpa.

the Lantern Festival

Also known as Shangyuan Festival, this is because Taoism believes in the three official gods (Tiangong, Underground Palace and People's Palace), and takes the fifteenth day of the first month as the Tiangong season, which is called Shangyuan Festival, hoping to get God's blessing. Most activities of Chaoshan Lantern Festival include hanging lanterns, swimming lanterns, lion dancing, solve riddles on the lanterns, eating soup and medicine, and so on. Its main content is lanterns, so it is also called Lantern Festival. It has the strongest entertainment color, so it is called the Lantern Festival. The Lantern Festival in Chaoshan is second only to the Spring Festival. Old-fashioned God Tours are held around the Lantern Festival, with long activities, many events and more rich folk culture. After China's reform and opening-up, local governments advocated to carry out various healthy cultural and social activities at home and abroad during this period, making this festival more contemporary and positive. Lantern Festival lanterns have always been very popular. Ming Jiajing's engraving of the Chao Opera "Mirror Flower Edge" was once folded, saying that "three streets and six lanes are good light sheds". Qing Jiaqing's "Chenghai County Records" quoted the old zhiyun: "Since the eleventh night, the temple street has been decorated with lanterns, ladies-in-waiting wandering, flowers blooming and falling, swinging and singing to the peak." He also said: "On this ordinary night, all the temples are decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations, competing for wonders, picturesque Aoshan, pavilions and pavilions ... competing for lanterns." The most famous is Chaozhou. After the rise of Chaozhou Seiryuji in the early Qing Dynasty, the whole city indulged in lanterns and drums for three nights every year. Every second night, we gather at the North Gate Arrow Road for appraisal, and strive for perfection year after year, making Chaozhou Lantern famous at home and abroad. Chaozhou folk song "Hundred Lights Song" shows the prosperity of Chaozhou Lantern Festival. Except for the large-scale Lantern Festival, festive lanterns are hung in every household. Starting from the 13th, I went to the ancestral temple to hang lanterns. On the 15th, I brought them back and hung them at home, called Xing Lantern. "Light" and "Ding" are homophonic. All the old customs should be "popular" to facilitate the writing of homophonic "Xing Deng (Ding)" on lanterns during Lantern Festival. Nowadays, Lantern Festival viewing basically has no such connotation. In towns and some rural areas where civilization has developed, the old customs have been abandoned and replaced by neon lights of various commercial advertisements, decorative lights of government agencies, stars in parks and roads, and lanterns filled with dry batteries for children to enjoy. Many families have colored lanterns, and some families traditionally hang red lanterns with light bulbs. Cities and counties also hold large-scale light shows, with colorful fire trees and silver flowers, old bottles and new wines, which are pleasing to the eye.

Qingming Festival

Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the 24 solar terms in China and a traditional folk festival in China. According to the lunar calendar, there is no fixed month and date for Qingming, which is in February or March; That is, the winter solstice of last year passed 106 days, which was Qingming; According to the solar calendar, it is April 5 or 4 (depending on February 29 of that year). Chaoshan people crossing Tomb-Sweeping Day are different from the customs and activities all over the country, and have a strong local color. Eat pancakes. Qingming cake is very popular in Chaoshan, and almost every household is no exception. There is a legend in Chaoshan about Tomb-Sweeping Day eating pancakes: In the 14th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1675), his son Zheng Jing led an army to besiege Zhangzhou City in southern Fujian, and the commander-in-chief of Qing army Huang sent troops to fight back. After months of siege, countless residents in the city starved to death and survivors were buried in straw mats. During the same year 10, the Qing army surrendered. In order to mourn the dead relatives and friends, Zhangzhou people made pancakes in the shape of straw mats to pay homage to the dead princess. This custom has been handed down from generation to generation. Pancakes are made by mixing refined flour with appropriate amount of warm water, fully stirring and kneading into dough, putting them on a frying pan (flat-bottomed iron pan) on the fire, branding them into round pancake skins, and then wrapping them with stuffing. There are two kinds of materials, salty and sweet. Salty stuffing is cooked bean sprouts, leeks mixed with chicken or shredded pork, mushrooms, dried shrimps, shredded eggs, fried onion beads and other seasonings. At the entrance, sweet and delicious sauce is coated on the crust as delicious food. Sweet stuffing is crisp thin sugar processed with white sugar, or adding seasonings such as shredded melon and sesame seeds to wrap the pancake skin to make pancakes. When eating, roll the pancake skin into a cylinder to eat. Spring leek is warm in Qingming period, which is a good vegetable for protecting liver, and has the effects of promoting qi circulation, regulating blood and removing blood stasis. There is a saying in the folk proverb that "eat leeks in spring to cure diseases and eliminate disasters". Adding mung bean sprouts has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, quenching thirst and diuresis, with wonderful curative effect, rich nutrition and delicious taste. Tomb-Sweeping Day, a Chaoshan native, eats pancakes from the ancient custom of Cold Food Festival. Qingming eclipse pancakes not only have the significance of commemorating the ancient custom of cold food, but also can enjoy a unique food. Steamed pine nuts. There is a tree in Chaoshan called Puzishu (also called Pudingshu, belonging to Ulmaceae), which has oval or oblong leaves, round fruit, larger than mung bean, sweet and non-toxic, and has the effect of resolving phlegm and regulating qi. During the Qingming period, the climate is getting warmer and the vegetation is lush, and the leaves of Puccinia stipulata are full of light green. It is said that Yuan soldiers invaded Chaozhou in Qingming, killing and plundering, and they were miserable. They were forced to avoid people in the deep mountains and forests. They were hungry for food, so they had to pick leaves from plain seeds to satisfy their hunger. Later generations always remember the deep hatred, so there is a folk proverb of "eating leaves in Qingming". From generation to generation, the custom of steaming "Puzi Tree" in Tomb-Sweeping Day has been passed down to this day. Park seed tree is a kind of tree which is picked from the leaves and fruits of park seeds (commonly known as park flag), mashed, mixed with rice into powder and screened to get fine powder. During processing, sugar and baking powder are added to the rice flour, and a proper amount of water is added, which is evenly stirred and fully fermented, and then placed in a ceramic peach-shaped tree seal or plum-shaped tree seal. Put it in a steamer (pot) for steaming. The naked product sprayed with fragrance is light green, which becomes a tree with good quality, delicious taste and beautiful color. The custom of sweeping graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day is very popular in Chaoshan. Grave-sweeping is commonly called "hanging paper", also called "hanging spring paper", which is different from sweeping graves from winter to morning. People go to ancestral graves to fill graves, sweep away dust and weeds, hang notes on tombstones and graves, and hold sacrificial ceremonies. Many overseas Chinese also have the habit of going back to their hometowns to visit graves on Qingming Day to show that they do not forget their ancestors and their homeland. Since ancient times, Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave-sweeping is not only to commemorate his ancestors, but also to commemorate those who have made contributions and done good deeds in history. In the Qingming Festival, spring comes to the earth, pink and willow green, and the grass grows in Fei Ying. People go out for an outing in small groups. This custom has been handed down for a long time, so Tomb-Sweeping Day is also known as an outing festival, and Chaoshan people also have an outing in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In some places, there are cockfights, kicking balls, kicking keys, swinging and flying kites, which are very funny.

Afternoon festival

Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang Festival, falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year. Investigating the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, it is generally known that the fifth month of the lunar calendar is not called noon. On the other hand, there are three Fridays every month, namely the 5th, 15th and 25th, and the 5th is the first one, that is, the first one in May. Because it is homophonic with noon, May 5th is called Dragon Boat Festival. Since ancient times, although there are different views on the name and origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the day when Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet, was unlucky, worried about the country and his life, and threw himself into the Miluo River for martyrdom. The earliest record that Qu Yuan said is: In the book Continued Harmony by Wu Yun of Xiao Liang, he said: "People make zongzi with colored silk and neem leaves, which are all the legacy of Miluo". It is also said that after Qu Yuan was martyred in the Miluo River on the fifth day of May, the people of Chu threw zongzi into the river in order to prevent Qu Yuan's body from being embezzled by fish and shrimp. This statement still holds true today. Therefore, the world regards the Dragon Boat Festival as a day to commemorate Qu Yuan. There are all kinds of colorful local customs in Chaoshan Dragon Boat Festival. There is a famous poem by hipsters during the Dragon Boat Festival: "Every family is eager to eat zongzi. I prefer the dragon boat race, and the drums and paddles bloom. " Poetry vividly tells the vivid scene of Chaoshan people celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival. There are many custom activities in the Dragon Boat Festival, such as offering sacrifices to ancestors, steaming "gardenias", taking water from dragons in the morning, inserting mugwort branches at the door, picking vegetables in the mountains, eating zongzi balls, making dumplings and racing dragon boats. Sacrificing ancestors first, steaming "gardenias"-During the Dragon Boat Festival, the custom of making gardenias by thousands of families in Chaoshan was passed down from generation to generation. Exquisite processing and production, exquisite production methods, unique flavor of food, which is helpful to digestion and appetite. Gardenia is made of glutinous rice. In ancient times, glutinous rice was soaked and ground into powder by hand, and mashed Gardenia (commonly known as branches or yellow branches in folk) was added to soak the filter residue into yellow liquid medicine, and then it was evenly mixed with ginger lye (ginger is a herbal medicine commonly known in Chaoshan, dried and calcined into charcoal powder, and soaked in the filter residue to get the liquid medicine). Now it is rare, because the processing procedure is troublesome, so sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is often added. Housewives like to cut yarn into small pieces, put them in white porcelain plates, dip them in white sugar and stick them on delicious food. Sweet and refreshing, clearing throat and quenching thirst. Its color, fragrance and taste are all good, and it is deeply loved by hipsters. The ancient hipsters handed down May as an "evil month". At this time, Yin Qi sprouted, poison was rampant, and epidemics prevailed. During the Dragon Boat Festival, the climate is hot, mosquitoes and flies breed and diseases attack people. In the era of lack of medicine and medicine, the ancients used the scientific processing method of "seasonal food to prevent epidemics" to achieve the purpose of "seasonal disease prevention", so it was called seasonal health food. Modern Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica records that Gardenia has the functions of clearing away heat and purging fire, relieving vexation and depression, relieving stomach heat, purging triple-energizer fire, relieving seasonal heat, and dispelling summer heat and toxic wind. It's wonderful that Chaoshan people eat gardenia in Duanyang, clearing away heat and helping digestion. Today, in the Duanyang season, the stalls on the market street are also being processed to meet the market demand. Take water from the dragon in the morning-because it is said that May 5 is the birthday of the dragon, and the water sprayed from the faucet on this day can cure diseases. Therefore, on this morning, people go outside to get water from pits, ditches and streams and put it in their own tanks for the whole family to eat and drink, praying for peace for one year. Insert wormwood in the door and hang "Five Ruins"-Chaoshan people. The wormwood, calamus, pomegranate, garlic and dragon boat flower tied with "red rope" are hung under the lintel, knocker and even eaves along the Dragon Boat Festival, which is called "Five Sites". In fact, the ancient hipsters took epidemic prevention and health care measures against the plague raging in the "evil moon" in order to drive away the plague and evil spirits. Chenghai old county records: "Put mugwort leaves on the Dragon Boat Festival door and pomegranate flowers (pages) on your hair to ward off evil spirits." Picking green on the mountain-because this day is the time when the dragon looks up and sprays water on the grass on the ground, people pick some herbs on the mountain, such as asparagus, Ophiopogon japonicus, honeysuckle and wild grapes. , more valuable than before. It is also meaningful to let others go up the mountain to pick up green trees and breathe more fresh air of nature. Dragon Boat Festival Zongzi-Chaoshan people, handed down from generation to generation, is one of Qu Yuan's relics. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty said: "The ancients used reed leaves to wrap millet and cooked it into a sharp corner, so it was called zongzi and corn." Chaoshan people commonly call "Zongzi" as "Zongzi Ball". Zongzi is a kind of food made of mushrooms, peanuts, pork and sweet noodle sauce. It is sweet and salty at the same time, and wrapped in bamboo leaves into a hexagonal fist-sized jiaozi. Eat zongzi balls-there is a well-known local proverb called "If you don't eat May zongzi, you won't let go". Poqiu