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The Water Margin is also known as the Water Margin of Loyalty and Righteousness and the Legend of the Hawks in Jianghu.

Author: (Late Yuan Dynasty and Early Ming Dynasty) Shi Naian

Introduction to Water Margin: The author created it on the basis of the legacy of Xuanhe and related scripts and stories. The main theme of the book is to describe the peasant war, and it created Liangshan heroes such as Lin and others, revealing the social contradictions at that time. The story is tortuous, the language is vivid, and the characters are vivid, which has high artistic achievements.

Version: There are many different books in the spread of Water Margin. At present, there are mainly 100 copies, 120 copies and 70 copies. After Zhao An 100, there were plots such as "collecting Liao" and suppressing Fang La uprising. 120 Huiben added the plot of suppressing tian hu and Wang Qing. Later, Jin Shengtan deleted the book, excluding courtship and later events, and called it 70 chapters (actually 7 1 chapter).

Shi Naian (1296 ~ 137 1) is also known as Zhao Rui, Yan Duan and Naian. Native place: Baima Farm in Xinghua (now Jiangsu). . Originally from Hailing County, Taizhou, he lived in Shijia Lane outside Nagato, Suzhou, and then moved to Baijuchang, Xinghua County (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).

Journey to the West Author: (Ming) Wu Cheng'en

Also known as The Journey to the West.

Times: * * One hundred times (actually, it is one hundred and one times)

Introduction: The Journey to the West is adapted from the story of Tang Priest's scriptures, related scripts and zaju (written by Yang Ne in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty). Seven times before the Journey to the West, the Monkey King was born, and there was a story about the Palace of Heaven. After that, he wrote the story of the Monkey King following the Tang Priest to learn Buddhist scriptures and exorcising demons and overcoming difficulties along the way. The Tang Priest, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand in the book are vivid, large-scale and complete in structure.

The content is divided into three parts: the first part (one to seven times) introduces the Monkey King's magical power, causing havoc in Heaven; The second part (eight to twelve times) tells the reason why Sanzang learned the scriptures; The third part (chapters 13 to 100) is the main body of the whole story, and it is written that Wukong and others finally arrived in the Western Heaven to retrieve the scriptures.

Wu Cheng'en (about 1504—— about 1582) is a native of Huai 'an, Jiangsu. Wu Cheng'en didn't get a one-year-old tribute student until he was about 40 years old. He went to Beijing to wait for an official position, but he was not selected. Because his mother was poor, he went to Changxing as a county magistrate. He was eventually falsely accused and "ran away from home" two years later. In his later years, he made a living by selling prose and lived for nearly 80 years.

Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening are the only collection of reminiscence essays written by Lu Xun, originally named Reminiscence of Time Past, which has always received rave reviews. The author said that these articles are "memoirs" copied from memory. This book is a collection of Lu Xun's 1926' s reminiscence essays, with ten articles in total. The first five articles were written in Beijing and the last five in Xiamen. At first, it was published in the semi-monthly "Mangyuan" with the theme of "recalling the past". 1July, 927, Lu Xun re-edited it in Guangzhou, adding Xiao Yin and postscript. The collection was completed in September, 1928, and it was renamed as "Morning Flower". Published by Beijing Weiming Society in September, 1928 is listed as one of the "unknown new collections" compiled by the author. Reprinted in February 1929. In September, the third edition 1932 was reorganized and published by Shanghai Beifang New Bookstore. The cover of this book was painted by Tao.

Spend early and spend late * * * earned 10 works. Including: dogs, cats and mice who hate cats; I miss my eldest mother and mourn her misfortune. I am angry at her indisputable "A Changyu". Criticize the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety; Wu Canghui showed the shadow of feudal paternalism; Depicting impermanence, superstition and intoxicating messengers in legends; From Herbal Garden to San Tan Yin Yue tells the story of childhood; Expose the quack's "father's disease"; Notes describing the evil and disgusting image of YanTaitai; Mr. Fujino, the Japanese teacher who appreciates Lu Xun most; Fan Ainong, a fellow countryman friend who was down and out all his life. Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening combine memories of the past with real life, which fully shows the author's great enthusiasm for caring about life and reforming society.

Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren and pen name Lu Xun, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. China is a modern writer, thinker and revolutionary. When I was a teenager, I studied poetry and classics at home, and liked unofficial history's miscellaneous notes and folk painting art. From 65438 to 0898, I studied at Nanjing Jiangnan Naval Academy founded by Westernization School. A few months later, I was re-admitted to the Railway Mining and Metallurgy School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi School, and began to contact the new school. 1902 to study in Japan. He entered Hongwen College in April, graduated from 1904 in April, and entered Sendai Medical College in June. During this period, he began to participate in various national democratic revolutionary activities and extensively dabbled in modern western science and literature books and periodicals. The first half of the earliest translated article Soul of Sparta was published in the fifth issue of Zhejiang Tide published in June, l903 in Japan (the second half was published in the ninth issue). In the same year, the first translated science fiction novel A Journey to the Moon Boundary was published in Tokyo. 1906 gave up medicine and joined the literature, hoping to transform the national spirit with literature and art. After the failure of establishing the literary magazine "New Life", he turned to publish important papers such as Human History, Moro Poetry and Cultural Re-discussion in Henan magazine. Co-translated the first episode of foreign novels with Zhou Zuoren, published in 1909. /kloc-returned to China in the summer of 0/909 and taught in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Normal School and Shaoxing High School. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as the principal of Shaoxing Normal School. 19 1 1 year, he wrote his first novel homesickness in classical Chinese, and its ideological characteristics and artistic style are the same as those of later novels. Pushkin, a Czech scholar, thinks it is "the pioneer of modern literature in China". 19 12 in February, at the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, he went to work in Nanjing Ministry of Education, and then moved to Beijing with the Ministry of Education. 19 18 In May, the first modern vernacular novel Diary of a Madman was published in New Youth under the pseudonym of Lu Xun. In the following three years, he published more than 50 novels, new poems, essays and translations in New Youth, and participated in the editing of New Youth. 1920 was hired as a liberal arts lecturer in Peking University and Beijing Normal University in August. From 192 1 12 to the beginning of the following year, The True Story of Ah Q was serialized in the supplement of the Morning Post. 1923 published the first collection of short stories "Scream". 1926 published Wandering. In addition to novels, Lu Xun also wrote many essays with unique styles, represented by Random Thoughts, published in New Youth 19 18. 1925 published a collection of essays, Hot Wind. Since then, a collection of mixed feelings has been published almost every year.

In the mid-1920s, he participated in the establishment of Mangyuan Weekly, Yusi Weekly and the last famous literary society. 1927 Joined Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou at the beginning of the year, and served as the head of literature department and the dean of educational affairs. 1August, 927, became a professor at Xiamen University. In June 5438+10 in the same year, he went to Shanghai and settled in Shanghai from then on, specializing in writing. 1928, co-founded Liu Ben magazine with Yu Dafu. 193O, the Chinese Left-wing Writers Union was established. He is one of the founders and the main leader. He has successively edited important literary periodicals such as Germination, Sentinel, Crossing the Street and Translation.

1936 55 years old died of overwork and lung disease in Shanghai.

The Star is a collection of poems, consisting of 164 short poems. Written by Bing Xin, Bing Xin believed in "the philosophy of love" all his life. She believes that "with love, there is everything". In the Stars, she kept praising love. What she loves to praise most is maternal love. Bing Xin not only loves her parents, but also cherishes brotherhood. She loves her three younger brothers. In an essay she later wrote, Letter to a Little Reader XIII, she also compared her three younger brothers to three bright stars. Bing Xin praised maternal love, human love and childlike innocence. At the same time, she also praised nature, especially the sea she was familiar with as a child. Praising nature, childlike innocence and maternal love has become the eternal theme of Bing Xin's life creation. Its theme is: maternal love, nature and innocence.

"Stars in Spring Water" is recognized as the highest achievement of the poem, and Mao Dun called it "starry sky lattice" and "spring water body". The theme it embodies is: maternal love, nature and innocence, which constructs Bing Xin's ideological core "philosophy of love".

"Spring Water" is a companion piece of "Stars", which consists of 182 short poems. It was also published in the morning paper first, but the spring water came out three months later than the stars.

Bing Xin (1900 ~ 1999): a contemporary female writer and a children's literature writer. Formerly known as Xie Wanying, her pen names are Ms. Bing Xin and Man. Originally from Changle, Fujian, he was born in Fuzhou. In his childhood, he was widely exposed to China's classical novels and translations. 19 18 entered the preparatory course of Concord Women's University and actively participated in the May 4th Movement. The first novel "Two Houses" was published in 19 19. Since then, there have been "problem novels" that discuss life problems, such as I am lonely and going to the countryside. At the same time, influenced by Tagore's Birds, he wrote untitled free poems. These crystal clear, beautiful and gentle poems were later published as "Spring Water of the Stars", which was called "Spring Water". 192 1 Join the Literature Research Association. In the same year, he published a collection of essays, Laughter and Past Events. 1923 graduated from yenching university Art Department. I went to Wellesley Women's University to study English literature. During my travel and study abroad in the United States, I wrote a collection of essays for young readers, which showed the characteristics of grace, lightness, elegance, conciseness and fluency, with high artistic expression and made higher achievements than novels and poems. This unique style was once called "Ice Heart Body" by people at that time, which had a wide influence. From 65438 to 0926, Bing Xin returned to China after obtaining a master's degree in literature and taught in yenching university and Tsinghua University successively. Since then, there have been prose "South Return", novel "Fen" and "Dong Er Girl", which show more profound social connotations. During the Anti-Japanese War, he was engaged in creative and cultural salvation activities in Kunming and Chongqing. 1946 went to Japan and was a professor at Tokyo University. 195 1 returned to China, and served as the editorial board of People's Literature, director of the Chinese Writers Association and vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. His works include essays After My Return, For Young Readers, We Woke up in Spring, Ode to Cherry Blossoms, Gleaning, Collected Works of Yat Sen, For Young Readers, etc. Show a colorful life. She still maintains her own unique style in art, and her short story Empty Nest won the 1980 Excellent Short Story Award. In the same year, Xiao Ju Deng, a children's literature work, won the honorary prize of the National Children's Literature Creation Award. In addition to the above works, Bing Xin also published a collection of novels Superman, a collection of female essays, a complete collection of Bing Xin, a collection of Bing Xin's works and a selection of Bing Xin's translations. Her works have been translated into many foreign languages and published.

"Camel Xiangzi" is based on the whereabouts of Xiangzi, a rickshaw driver in Beiping (now Beijing), the life of Beijing citizens in the late 1920s and Xiangzi's bumpy and miserable life experience as the main line. It deeply exposes the darkness of old China, accuses the ruling class of exploiting and oppressing laborers, expresses the author's deep sympathy for the working people, and shows people the picture that the poor citizens at the bottom of Beijing are living in the abyss of pain under the warlord scuffle and dark rule. From the story of Xiangzi's attempt to get rid of the tragic fate of life through personal struggle, he finally failed or even degenerated, warning people that it is impossible for poor urban farmers to turn over and become masters by personal struggle alone. After the publication of Camel Xiangzi, it was translated into more than ten languages, which had a great influence.

Camel Xiangzi is the representative work of Lao She, a famous modern writer in China (1February 3, 899 ~1August 24, 966). Lao She, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, whose real name is She Yu (surname is divided into two), and whose pen names are She Yu and Lao She. Lao She is his most commonly used pen name, and there are other pen names such as Hongse and Feiwo. Manchu is a red flag man. Born in Xiaoyangquan Hutong (now Xiaoyangjia Hutong) in Xicheng, Beijing, a poor family in Manchu city. Modern famous writers and outstanding language masters are known as "people's artists". His father, a Manchu guard, was killed in the street fighting when Eight-Nation Alliance attacked Beijing. Lao She grew up in the living environment of the bottom citizens in Beijing. When he was abroad, he read many famous western European literature and began to write novels. His early works, such as Lao Zhang's Philosophy, Zhao Ziyue, Ermayina, etc., are satirical in humor, which is quite similar to the works of British writer Dickens, but sometimes they are exaggerated out of proportion and almost slippery. However, for Lao She, the initial creation is an indispensable practice. In 1930s, his creation gradually matured. /kloc-in 0/930, he created short stories such as Fair and Sakura Sea Collection. Finally, he released his representative work Camel Xiangzi at 1936.