What kind of orchid is this?

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Spring knife (variety)

Chunlan is a variety of orchid.

Often called authentic Chuanlan. Although Yunguichuan has a famous production, Chuanlan is the most precious.

Morphological characteristics of 1

leaf

[1] Leaves are 30-80 cm long, each piece.

Other leaves are more than 1 m long and 0.8-2 cm wide, with 4-6 leaves in nearly two rows and 2 sheath leaves. The leaves of wild species are light green, with obvious veins, serrated edges and tapering tips. The leaf posture of the spring sword is both rigid and soft.

The division of leaves. Hard-leaf seed leaves stand obliquely, vigorous and upright, and vigorous and vigorous; Leaves, soft leaf species, swaying and dancing, charming and moving. The mature products of Spring Sword, among many ornamental plants, are full of leaves, green in all seasons, dense and graceful.

The most beautiful lines, unique charm, unique.

flower

The flower stems are erect, 20-30 cm high, with 2-5 flowers and sometimes 7 flowers. [1] The bud length is longer than the ovary. Flowers are 5-6 cm in diameter, pale yellow-green, often translucent and fragrant. Sepals are oblong and lanceolate, the middle sepals stand upright and lean forward slightly, the side sepals spread obliquely from left to right, the petals are shorter than the sepals, there are three purple stripes at the base, and the lip ends are blunt and rounded and rolled back. The leaf posture of the spring sword is tall and straight, pale and healthy, delicate and extraordinary, and quite charming.

Chunjian

The colors are red, yellow, white, green, purple, black and other colors, which are gorgeous, graceful, elegant and pure in fragrance, and are often regarded as the first choice by orchid growers.

The earliest spring sword was considered as a variety of orchids, and was later designated as an independent species. [ 1]

flag

Spring swords are rich in colors. It is the blue species with the most kinds of pigments. Its four basic primary colors are white, green, yellow and red. Among these primary colors, there are several color variations.

It is difficult to find pure white in other orchids, but in the spring sword, there are often holy white perianth, some are silvery white, some are fish-belly white, some are water white, some are milky white, and some are moon white, which looks just like that.

Sacred, quiet and pure; The green perianth is full of vitality and embodies the philosophy of life; Huanghua is luxurious and bright, and its career is brilliant; Red flowers are passionate and affectionate, and they are messengers of love. The paint of Spring Sword is colorful, gorgeous and charming.

Beautiful, breaking the conclusion that oriental orchids have no bright colors. [2]

blossom

Flowering1~ March. [ 1]

plant morphology

China Plant Image Library (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) provides and participates in editing.

Spring sword whole plant (3 pieces)

Spring sword flower and fruit (6 pieces)

2 growth habits

Chunjian

Bracts longer than pedicels and ovaries, wide, usually surrounding ovaries; Sepals and petals are not twisted.

Spring swords are unearthed from early May to early June every year, and autumn buds are unearthed in the middle and late August. There is a slow period of about 20 days after the new leaf buds are unearthed. The leaf exhibition period is from the end of May to the end of June, from June to 10, and the dormant period is 1 1 to February of the following year. It takes about 1 year for each spring sword seedling to grow. [2]

The suitable growth temperature of spring sword is 18 ~ 28℃, not more than 35℃ in summer, not less than -2℃ in winter, and the reproductive growth temperature is 8 ~ 18℃.

Spring sword's requirements for air humidity: 55% ~ 70%, the air humidity in winter dormancy period (the driest air exercise) should not be lower than 50%, and the best air humidity in growth period should be kept at about 70%.

Spring sword's requirements for water: Spring sword likes to be cool, the soil in the basin should not be too wet, and more water should be watered during flowering and growth period, and less water should be watered during dormancy period. Spring sword should be cultivated in a deep-barrel plain-fired pottery jar. Its pseudo-scale bulb clusters are oval, with thick roots, and both pseudo-scale bulbs and thick roots have certain water retention.

Chunjian

Sex can cope with a short-term drought of about 6 days.

Requirements of spring sword on light: The light condition suitable for the growth of spring sword is semi-cloudy, and the shade is required to be about 65% ~ 75% in summer and autumn, and the light can be appropriately increased in winter and spring.

Spring sword and cymbidium have similar habits, can resist cold, and can survive the winter smoothly at room temperature; In winter, we should also fully irradiate the sun to make the flower buds full and strong.

Spring sword should be cultivated in spring and replanted after flowering. If it is grass, you can plant it before it blooms in spring, and you can see the flowers soon.

[3]

3 distribution

Most of them are distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Born in rocky places on wooded hillsides, altitude1000 ~ 2500m. It is a unique orchid species in the west of China, and likes the moist and refreshing ecological environment. Wild spring sword is often distributed in alpine evergreen broad-leaved forest belt, mostly growing in red soil sapropelic soil, and likes slightly acidic soil.

4 classification

Related species

Cymbidium hybridum var. Cymbidium (original variety)

Serratia of Cymbidium (var.)

Eupatorium adenophorum var. chunlan tortillas [4]

Subordinate variety

There are two kinds: color heart and plain heart.

Color center: blue and white spring sword, red spring sword, cinnabar spring sword, white spring sword and twisted spring sword.

Original type: collectively referred to as spring knife elements. Among them, the famous spring sword elements are: tooth spring sword element, jade version spring sword element, white spring sword element, green spring sword element, Mabian spring sword element, silver pole spring sword element, jade pole spring sword element, green pole spring sword element, Longchang soft leaf spring sword element and so on.

There are also spring swords in Xishan, Leshan and Mabian, classified by origin.

[ 1]

Huangmei (Spring Sword)

Huangmei (Spring Sword)

Longchangsu

Longchangsu

Trifolin

Trifolin

Blue and white spring sword

Blue and white spring sword

Safflower spring sword

Safflower spring sword

Red cinnabar

Red cinnabar

5 cultivation techniques

orchid

Plant it in spring and turn it over after flowering. If the grass is long, you can plant it before flowering, and you can see the flowers soon, but not too early. Like Chunlan, it is shaded by 70% in summer, and its cold tolerance is similar to Chunlan, and its resistance to brown spot disease is weak. Special attention should be paid in summer and autumn, which can be controlled by thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and planted in deep pots. Flower buds are unearthed in August-September, so they need proper illumination to avoid getting wet by water. It is not too wet in winter, so that flower buds can survive the winter smoothly.

Spring sword blooms later. Spring sword has weak resistance to brown spot disease, so special attention should be paid in summer and autumn. 800 times solution of 50% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazim can be used.

800 ~ 1000 times solution control. The disease spread at 5438+00 ~ 1 1 in June, causing serious death of the whole plant and the whole pot, and even weak leaves and buds in the coming year. Therefore, when the diseased plants are found for the first time, the diseased leaves should be cut off in time for disease treatment.

This basin is isolated. [5]

Cultivation method

1. Pretreatment

Before planting spring sword, wash roots and leaves with water, and then cut off broken roots, diseased roots, withered roots, residual stems and diseased leaves. Dead leaves, then, add half a piece of potassium permanganate to half a pot, soak the roots for 20 minutes, take them out and put them in the shade, and plant them in the pot one day later.

Chinese flowering crab-apple

2. Planting treatment

According to the size of spring sword seedlings, choose the appropriate round plastic pots for planting. Pot-climbing method: while slightly lifting the spring sword seedlings, the roots are naturally evenly distributed and do not touch the pot wall; After filling the substrate, shake or pat the basin several times to make the substrate stick to the roots. Then, gently compact the substrate around the basin edge by hand, so that the center of the basin soil is slightly higher than the basin surface, showing a steamed bread shape. Finally pour a root of water. If you go to the pot in winter, you don't need to water the root, as long as the substrate is wet, you can plant it.

3. Water quality selection

According to orchid books and the experience of senior orchid family, the water for watering orchids should be slightly acidic and soft water without minerals. According to the author's understanding, urban families who raise orchids on the balcony usually use tap water stored for more than two days, but the author usually uses the water in the fish tank on the balcony. The method: A glass fish tank with a length of 1m, a width of 50 cm and a height of 25 cm is placed in the middle of the basket, and fish grass and several ornamental goldfish are planted in the tank, so that the water in the fish tank and the soil in the spring sword basin change with the temperature at the same time to form chlorine-free natural water, which is more conducive to the robust growth of the spring sword.

water

According to the growth characteristics of Spring Sword, I often touch the basin soil with my hands to observe the degree of dryness and wetness. When I find that the basin soil is dry but not dry, I water it. Watering time: it is best to water at 9 ~ 10 on sunny days, not on cloudy and rainy days and not in winter.

Spring Knife (5 pieces)

Watering is permeable to keep the basin moist. Watering method, you can use a small plastic cup to dip down slowly along the edge of the basin, so that it is poured thoroughly and will not leak.

5. Humidity

The humidity required by the spring knife is 70% ~ 80%. In order to accurately grasp the humidity, you can hang a thermometer on the balcony to observe the degree of temperature and humidity at any time. If the humidity is low, you can use a watering can to spray water on the leaves or flower beds to increase the air humidity.

Xishu Daoguang

Moderate shading

The intensity of light is directly related to the growth of spring sword. If the sun is too strong, the leaves of the spring sword will soon turn yellow, burn sharp and even wither and die; Due to insufficient light, the growth of spring sword is weak, resulting in more leaf buds and fewer flower buds; Moderate light will not only make more flower buds, but also make them grow stronger. In order to control the light, you can support the shed with a sunshade net on the balcony, and support it at any time as needed to achieve moderate sunshade and do whatever you want.

7. Fertilization

The growth of spring sword is closely related to fertilization. In practice, the author realized that the spring sword planted in that year, or the pot soil turned over every year, had sufficient nutrients in the substrate and was not suitable for fertilization. Fertilization time: it is best to spray it twice a month with Huayi brand "Lanjunwang" produced in Sichuan at about 9 ~ 10 on sunny days, which has the functions of rooting, accelerating germination and strengthening seedlings. In the following year, spring sword can be topdressing with 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed with water before and after flowering and germination, and some nitrogen fertilizer can be applied appropriately to weak seedlings, but it is not suitable to apply fertilizer in high or low temperature seasons. Spring sword fertilization should be light but not thick, and excessive fertilization is the most taboo.

8. Disease control

Timely or regular application of pesticides is the basis of disease control. As the saying goes, "prevention is more important than cure." Following the principle of prevention first and treatment second, the author chooses to inject streptomycin or chloramphenicol and 3kg of water with 1 at 9: 00 a.m. on sunny days every month, and spray 1 ~ 2 times alternately on the leaves of Spring Sword, which can make the leaves of Spring Sword bright and clean, enhance photosynthesis and improve immunity. If burning sharp leaves or diseased leaves are found in daily management, they should be cut off in time to avoid the spread of diseases. [5]

6 identification method

Chunjian

Cymbidium hybridum, commonly known as Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, is one of the most widely distributed orchids in China.

One. Spring swords are mainly produced in the mountainous areas of western Sichuan, but also in Yunnan and Guizhou. Chunlan and Chunjian are both spring flowering varieties with fragrance. Cymbidium hybridum blooms 1 ~ 2, spring sword blooms 2 ~ 7, and there are more buds and patterns than Cymbidium hybridum.

Lan da; Cymbidium hybridum is mostly yellow-green, with light green in the middle and east, golden yellow and purple in the southwest except yellow-green and light green. However, the colors of spring swords are mostly light yellow-green, purple-red and multicolor.

Spring sword has 4-7 leaves, the apex is gradually pointed, the leaves are dark green, slightly shiny, upright, sword-shaped, wider and longer than Chunlan, the leaf margin is fine serrated, thicker and sharper than Chunlan, the back has three veins, the midvein is obvious, and the cross section is V-shaped. The leaf base has no finger ring (abscission layer).

Cymbidium hybridum has 4 ~ 6 leaves, most of which are erect, semi-drooping and drooping, and the leaves are yellow-green, green and green. The leaf base has a ring (abscission layer).

The head of Cymbidium hybridum (pseudobulb) is spherical, and the roots are fleshy, round and gray, while the head of Cymbidium hybridum is not obvious, and the roots are longer and thicker than those of Cymbidium hybridum. Chunlan and Chunjian both have their own famous products: for example, Song Mei, Jiyuan, Wanzi and Dragon in Chunlan; There are some precious spring swords, such as Daoguang, Su, Su and Ling Boxian. [5]