How to use seals in Chinese painting?

What do seals do? Seal plays a role in balancing the picture composition and enriching the picture effect in Chinese painting. A complete Chinese painting, in addition to the inscription, but also printed with a seal. As far as seals are concerned, they can be divided into text (Zhu Wen) and negative text (Bai Wen). As far as the position of the seal on the screen is concerned, there are three kinds of seals: the first seal, the named seal and the corner seal. If two or more seals are stamped in one place, the upper seal is slightly larger and the lower seal is slightly smaller. The upper part is printed in the yang, and the lower part is printed in the yin.

Ink, its materials are brush, ink and rice paper. This special tool material is closely related to specific expression techniques. So that "pen and ink" has become an important feature of Chinese painting. Whether there is pen and ink has become an important symbol for people to evaluate the quality of Chinese painting. Comparing Chinese and western painting techniques with lines, although western painters also use lines to shape images and convey feelings, they pay more attention to the texture, quantity and space of images. The function of line in Chinese painting goes beyond the function of simply shaping the body, and has the function of expressing the author's thoughts and feelings and independent aesthetics. The beauty of rhythm and rhythm of Chinese painting lines includes two aspects: First, the rhythm and rhythm of each line itself is produced by the controlled changes of lines in the process of painting, such as starting, stopping, turning, lightness and heaviness. The other is that the length, thickness, complexity, density, light and shade, virtual and real changes of various lines form the rhythmic beauty of the whole painting. The change of ink is developed from the change of pen. When using, pen and ink are combined and complement each other. Just like the relationship between bones and flesh and blood, it can't be completely separated. Ink comes from pen, and pen comes from ink. Good brushwork of Chinese painting is natural for Mo Yun. 25. What are the colors of Chinese paintings? Chinese painting has its own unique rules and methods in color, which excludes the constraints of nature and light sources and generally emphasizes the inherent color of objects. In the whole color relationship, white (white paper) and ink are the basis and color is the supplement. China's early paintings are mostly represented by heavy colors. For example, a large number of figure paintings and landscape paintings in the Tang and Song Dynasties were mostly expressed in strong colors. Since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the appearance of paper has brought about the evolution of ink painting techniques. At the same time, with the appearance of literati painting, painting has gradually developed into a face dominated by ink and wash, supplemented by color. Ink and wash in Chinese painting is not only a "black" color, but also exists as a "color" to adjust the relationship between pictures. In China's traditional painting theory, there is a theory that ink is divided into five colors, which is a typical concept of taking ink as color. Forms of color setting: there are ink paintings with pure ink color, light-colored paintings with colored ink, and heavy-colored paintings with bright colors and colors. In a word, the usage of color and ink is different, reflecting different styles and characteristics. 26. What are the meanings of "likeness" and "spirit likeness" in Chinese painting? "Similarity in form" corresponds to "likeness in spirit". It refers to the similar relationship between painting and the external characteristics of natural objects. That is to say, as the saying goes, draw whatever you like. During the Warring States Period, Xun Kuang said "born in form". Fan Ju in the Southern Dynasties also said that "the existence of form means the existence of God, and the gratitude of form means the extinction of God". Form and God are unified. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, although Zong Bing said that "all tastes are in harmony with his spirit", he insisted on "writing with form" and "seeing with color". Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty put it more clearly, that is, the so-called "shape writing god". Zou Yigui in Qing Dynasty said: "Invisible people are not like those who take away their gods." All the above viewpoints advocate that "likeness" is the basis of painting. "Similarity in spirit" and "similarity in form" also correspond. Refers to the unity of subject and object, from the aesthetic representation of things to the deepening of images. In other words, in addition to drawing what it looks like, we should also pay attention to the internal performance of the spirit. That is, "the use of divine form, the quality of divine form." Yuan Wen said: "Painting is easy in form, but difficult in spirit. Form is form, and God is God. People who learn painting can often draw human figures. As for their spirit, they are not superior in their chests, and they can't. " A knife, Yang Shen, Li Zhi, etc. They all expounded that "painting is not just about writing form, but about form." Therefore, "having both form and spirit" is the final conclusion of China's painting art. What is the relationship between "likeness" and "spirit likeness" advocated by Chinese painting? When a painter depicts an object, he should reach the realm of vividness on the basis of depicting the shape of the object. This is not limited to the simple and true description of objects, but includes the process from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, and then from rational knowledge to complete artistic expression. It is not a simple image reproduction, but a higher generalization than the image in the original life, paying more attention to the expression of spiritual essence, so as to achieve vivid performance. This painting attitude is the basis of realistic creation method of Chinese painting. 28. What is the "artistic conception" of Chinese painting? Mr. Li Keran said: "Artistic conception is the soul of art and the essence of objective things. With his thoughts and feelings, Tao Zhu has reached the artistic realm and poetic realm through high artistic processing." Artistic conception contains a lot of contents in Chinese painting. The theme of a painting, its framing and composition, modeling and vividness, plot arrangement and description, and picture management should all work hard on the word "meaning". Yi can be said to be the soul of a painting. Chinese painting has always been said that "painting is a silent poem" and "painting has artistic conception" A painting often harmoniously expresses the characteristics of the object and the painter's poetic feelings. The image of scene blending is the image of poetry, and the so-called "image with intention and interest is an intriguing artistic image". A painting with deep feelings and strong expressive force can maintain a wide and lasting appeal to people who look at it, which is the "artistic conception" of Chinese painting. 29. What is the meaning of "artist" in Chinese painting? The processing method of expressing artistic conception is called "craftsman", which means the artist's expression method and creativity. In art, the word "craftsman" is a word with high reputation, such as "ingenuity" and "craftsman master". For artists, the level of processing means is related to the level of artistic attainments. Excellent artists of all ages have worked hard on "craftsmanship". The expression of artistic conception of Chinese painting is the result of a series of internal skills such as the author's life feeling, image thinking and artistic creation expression method. At the same time, it must be refined to a high degree repeatedly, which requires the author's painstaking efforts and careful production to achieve the artistic effect of ingenuity. This is called high artistry. As Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, said, "You concentrate all your life on a piece of silk" and "You will never die without saying something amazing". 30. What are the "six methods" mentioned in Chinese painting? Who proposed it? The "Six Laws" was put forward by Sheikh in Southern Qi Dynasty, and was highly valued by painters, critics and connoisseurs in past dynasties. It is the earliest scientific and systematic criteria for painting creation and criticism in China's painting history, and its contents are as follows: (1) Expressive. (2) bone writing pen. (3) hieroglyphics of objects. (4) color with the class. (5) place of business. (6) transliteration. Vivid charm is the first of the six methods, and it is also an important standard for Chinese painting creation and criticism in 1000 years. Excellent paintings must shape the image of the dispatched person, have a clever structure, and use ink and color with a pen. A painting with all this will give people a general impression, that is, a complete and concrete feeling in content, artistic conception, image shaping, composition and color. That's what Sheikh meant by "vivid charm". The depth of feeling depends on the depth of revealing the beauty of life and the perfection of image-building. "Vivid charm" is the unity of form and spirit in the picture, which is very artistic. The use of pen in bone method is about the use of pen in painting performance. It is an important technology to express the shape of objects by line drawing. Zhang Tang Yan Yuan said in Notes on Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties: "The image of a husband must be molded, and the molded image must be full of backbone. The shape of the bone depends on the original intention, but only on the pen. " The hieroglyphics of objects are about image-building. The so-called "responding to things" is not only to pursue the similarity of the appearance of the object, but more importantly, to understand the characteristics and inner spirit of the object. When describing, it is wrong if it is only "pictographic" rather than "material". Zhang Tangyanyuan said, "The similarity of spine is based on concept. It means the source of the heart. " Therefore, "responding to things" is not simply drawing according to the object, but expressing the spiritual essence of the object on a similar basis. Coloring with classes is about coloring. "Class" means "everything and the like", which refers to the category of characteristics, appearance and color of painting objects. For the expression of color, Chinese painting is very unique, paying attention to the inherent color of the object, and then giving an approximate color expression to the image characteristics with things like images. The business place is the layout of the painting, that is, the composition and composition of the painting. The so-called "position" in painting should be "managed" The word "management" has profound meaning, and it should be painstakingly organized and arranged according to the structure and pattern of the object. Therefore, management positions in painting performance are very important. Sheikh put forward this "method", which just summarized the performance characteristics of China's paintings in composition. It is precisely because the "position" of painting is "managed" and carefully organized by the painter that China's landscape painting can be depicted on a picture by using scattered perspective flexibly and skillfully without the limitation of focus perspective. Whether it is far-reaching, lofty or far-reaching, it can be arranged with the painter. Imitation refers to copying the excellent works of the ancients and learning from them. Zhang Yanyuan, a theorist in the Tang Dynasty, thinks that this method is "the painter's last thing", not that it is insignificant, but that copying is not the purpose of painting, but a means of learning for better creation. To copy the excellent works of the ancients, we must be serious, achieve "both form and spirit" and truly learn the essence, so as to achieve the purpose of "copying and imitating". 3 1. What is the "inscription" of Chinese painting? Inscription plays an important role in the art of Chinese painting and is an integral part of Chinese painting composition. Generally speaking, calligraphy and painting, rubbings and other words inscribed before and after. Can be called inscriptions. The word written in front of the painting or inscription is called "title" and the word written behind it is called "postscript". Inscriptions can be divided into three categories: one is the author's own; The second is the inscription of contemporary people; The third is the inscription of future generations; Before the Song Dynasty, there were no inscriptions on paintings, and even if there were, they just wrote their names in obscure places such as tree trunks and behind rocks. This art form developed with the rise of literati painting and eventually became an important art form of traditional painting in China. 32. Are there many forms of "inscriptions" in Chinese paintings? Inscriptions can be divided into hidden money and exposed money. There are several commonly used questions: one is horizontal, which is generally from right to left according to our national habits. The number of words can be more or less, but not too much per line, so as to keep the horizontal style. The second is vertical. Don't write too many lines and keep the vertical form. The third is the uneven natural style. The above two kinds, whether horizontal or vertical, should be flush, and the suffix can be uneven, commonly known as "flush". However, the natural wind can spread freely and is more comfortable. But be careful not to write too loosely. In short, no matter what kind of title, we should pay attention to the content of the title and postscript to coordinate with the font and picture. 33. What is a "long topic"? What is "poor money"? Among the inscriptions and suffixes of Chinese paintings, most of them are called "long titles", while those with few (at least one) are called "poor festivals". The inscription can be two poems, one poem, several essays or even a long poem, depending on the composition of the picture. The inscription itself is a science. A good inscription is not only icing on the cake, but also turning the stone into gold. People who are good at inscriptions may not ask many questions, but a few words can make people feel that "there is a picture in the poem and a poem in the picture". 34. Should the inscription font be consistent with the painting style? The font of the inscription and postscript should be consistent with the style of the painting. For example, freehand brushwork uses running script and cursive script, while meticulous brushwork uses regular script and official script. Of course, this is not absolute, but should be considered according to the artistic style of the picture as a whole. 35. What do seals do? Seal plays a role in balancing the picture composition and enriching the picture effect in Chinese painting. A complete Chinese painting, in addition to the inscription, but also printed with a seal. As far as seals are concerned, they can be divided into text (Zhu Wen) and negative text (Bai Wen). As far as the position of the seal on the screen is concerned, there are three kinds of seals: the first seal, the named seal and the corner seal. If two or more seals are stamped in one place, the upper seal is slightly larger and the lower seal is slightly smaller. The upper part is printed in the yang, and the lower part is printed in the yin.