Details of Soldiers (Soldiers of Qin Dynasty)

Soldiers, that is, soldiers of the Qin Dynasty. The Qin army took South Korea first, then destroyed Zhao Yan and Wei Chu, and finally destroyed Qi, one country in ten years. They also defeated Xiongnu in the north and Baiyue in Nanping, thus completing the great cause of reunifying China.

Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Warrior mbth: Warrior Dynasty: Qin Dynasty Results: Background information of the great cause of unified China, classification of grades, background information of Qin Dynasty from 22 BC to 206 BC. Qin Shihuang adopted the suggestions of Lisi and Liao Wei, and formulated a strategic plan to unify the six countries, with 1,000 chariots, 10,000 cavalry and more than 1 million infantry. Qin Shihuang smashed the "alliance" of the six governors with diplomatic offensive, and pursued the strategic policy of making friends far away and attacking near. The autumn wind swept away the leaves, taking South Korea first, then destroying Zhao Yan, and finally destroying Qi. In ten years, the sea became one. They also defeated Xiongnu in the north and Baiyue in Nanping, thus completing the great cause of reunifying China. The pit of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, located at 1.5km east of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in Lintong, Shaanxi Province, was discovered in 1974, which immediately caused a sensation all over the world, and was praised as "the miracle of the world" and "the most spectacular archaeological discovery in the 20th century". The appearance of figurines began at the end of slave society in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, slave owners lived in luxury and wanted to maintain the same ghost enjoyment after death, so they sacrificed a large number of slaves. "The son of heaven killed martyrs, hundreds of people, dozens of people; Generals and doctors killed martyrs, ranging from dozens to several people "("Mozi _ Festival Burial "). During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, slavery collapsed, and countries successively established feudalism. The cruel customs of martyrdom and funeral have also changed, and terracotta warriors and horses began to replace the living. "Book of Rites _ Tan Gong": "A good person is a spirit, but a heartless person is a figurine." Chu Ling is a person who sticks to grass, and the figurine is an idol made of wood, clay or metal. The figurines in the Han and Tang Dynasties reflected social life to a certain extent, including attendants, handymen, music and dance, acrobatics, military strength and so on. Many of them are masterpieces of realism, especially the production of Qin figurines. Pit No.1 of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor covers an area of 1 1260 square meters, and more than 6,000 tall terracotta figures and horses are buried. No.2 Terracotta Warriors Pit covers an area of 6,000 square meters, and there are more than 900 large warrior figures, more than 470 horse-drawn pottery horses and cavalry pommel horses, and 89 wooden chariots. The No.3 pit covers an area of 520 square meters, and a total of chariots 1 vehicle, 4 pottery horses and 68 warrior figures are buried. The total area of the three pits is 17780 square meters, including more than 7000 terracotta warriors and horses and 100 chariots. The height of pottery figurines is generally around 1.80 meters, with the highest reaching 2 meters and the shortest 1.75 meters. Eight feet (1.8 1 m) was called the Great Man in ancient times, and most of the Qin figurines reached the standard of the Great Man. Ma Tao is 2m long and1.72m high, which is as big as a real horse. These terracotta warriors and horses have exquisite shapes and lifelike faces. The Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses created by Qin Jun are lifelike, and their costumes, crowns and shoes are clearly displayed in front of us. Just like watching Qin Jun, the clothes, shoes, hats and hairstyles are very detailed and real. Moreover, the sword at the waist, the portable crossbow, the shoulder-shouldered vector suit and the hand-held weapons such as ge, spear and halberd are all practical metal weapons, and cymbals. From the costumes of these warrior figures, we know the difference of rank and arms. Different ranks have different crowns, officers wear crowns, soldiers don't wear crowns, cavalry and chariots wear different costumes, guards and soldiers of chariots wear different costumes, and forwards and guards of infantry wear different costumes. No defensive devices such as shields and helmets were found in the pit of the terracotta warriors. Qin soldiers mainly come from Qin people in Guanzhong area, a few Bashu people and northwest minorities. Qin male/kloc-started military service at the age of 0/6, and was exempted from military service at the age of 56. Cavalry figurines are dressed in Hu fu and Hu Mao, holding the reins in one hand and the crossbow in the other. "Six Towers": "The way to choose a knight is under forty, above seven feet five inches (65,438+0.733 meters), strong and agile, and so on. He can gallop and shoot (g_u sound structure), advance and retreat back and forth, cross ditches, climb tombs, take risks and cross obstacles, absolutely defeat Ozawa and gallop against the enemy. Infantry is divided into attached infantry, independent infantry and crossbowman. Lower infantry wear armor and carry crossbows or spears. Some lined up in front of the car to become the front refusal team of the chariot. Some followed the car and became a follow-up team. Independent infantry, crossbowmen, have a plenty of * * * armor light infantry, have a plenty of heavily armored, light in the forward, heavy in the back, crossbowmen has two kinds of standing and kneeling. Grade classification 1. Officers' clothing officers are divided into three grades: high, medium and low. The general was founded in Zhao Haoqi, Qin Dynasty, with the number of Qin State No.20, and the ninth rank was five generals, who could be generals. Later, he was promoted to the seventh rank as a girder left, and then to the third rank as a marquis, and the marquis in Shanhaiguan was the nineteenth marquis. The 20 titles are Liehou, that is, the highest titles. General figurine, wearing a pair of long rafts, colorful armor, trousers, square feet, pointed shoes, wearing a purple crown, orange crown tied under the chin, tied a figure-of-eight knot, and wielded a sword under threat. There are two kinds of costumes for middle-ranking officers: one is wearing a long breastplate with colorful lace, foot pads, square-toed shoes, a double crown on the head and a sword on the waist; The second one is wearing a collared right lapel pleated suit, dressed in neat armor, inlaid with colorful lace, leggings, open-toed shoes with square head and double crown. The figurines of the lower-level military attache are dressed in long rafts, armour, long crowns, legs tied or leggings, shallow shoes, sword in one hand and long weapons in the other, and also go into battle lightly. 2. Soldiers' clothing is light infantry figurines, wearing long rafts, belts, shorts, leggings (that is, leggings), full of shallow shoes, a bun on the right side of the head, and weapons such as crossbows, bows and spears. There are three kinds of clothing for heavy infantry figurines: one is wearing a long raft, armor, shorts, leggings, light shoes or booties, and a bun on the right side of the head; The second kind of clothing is similar to the first one, but with a red bowl head and leggings and shallow shoes tied to the legs; The second kind of clothing is the same as the third kind, except that there is a flat bun at the back of the head and no red bowl head is worn. The military uniform on the chariot is the same as the second suit of the heavy infantry figurines. The cavalry wore Hu clothes, waist-length short armor, long trousers and high-necked flat shoes, and held bows (round hats), crossbows and reins. There are two kinds of charioteers' clothes on the chariot: one is to wear a long raft, shoulder-less armor (i.e. arm armor), leggings to protect legs, shallow shoes and a long crown. The second kind of clothing is the special production of armor. There is a square neck armor on the neck, and the arm armor of both arms extends to the wrist and is connected with the hand armor on the hand, which is extremely strict for the protection of the body. Qin Jun's clothing armor is equipped according to the actual performance of the arms in the battle, and the status of officers and men is distinguished by the form of crowns and the color of armor. General's fish scales are inlaid with a wide edge made of rectangular brocade. Deck ochre, scarlet, reddish. The top of the armor shoulder is based on beige and embroidered with patterns around it. Two small blue flowers set off a knot tied with a ribbon. Officials wear crowns, but soldiers don't. Senior officials wear crowns and scales made of colored metal, middle-level officials wear double-version long crowns, the front breastplate is inlaid with colored lace or armor with neat edges, and junior officials wear single-version long crowns. Their armor is unpainted, and the armor pieces are smaller and more numerous than the soldiers' armor. Generally, soldiers have large armor and few numbers. "The Warring States Policy _ Han Ce" said that Qin Jun was brave when he was fighting without a helmet. The armies of the six countries have to wear armor and helmets when fighting, but they can't compare with Qin Jun. The ancient armor has experienced the development process from single piece to multiple pieces, from leather to metal. In Qin Shihuang's time, leather armor was also widely used, consisting of rows of rectangular leather armor pieces. Textual research notes: "The letters are A, seven genera of rhinoceros, six genera of A and five genera of A in (s_ Sound Temple)." Armor is a double-layer armor made of two kinds of animal skins. The ancients recorded: "rhinoceros is 100 years old, scorpion is 200 years old, and armor is 300 years old." "Rhinoceroses are like sharks and stones." Terracotta warriors and horses have three kinds of armor: type I armor, 64 cm long, consisting of shoulder armor and bulletproof vest. Armor block is very big, and there is no metal edge around it. The nail plates below the neck, shoulders and waist are connected by a nail belt, which is convenient for raising head, bending over and raising arms. The nail plate is ochre and the nail plate is scarlet. Type II armor is 64 cm long, with no armor pieces on the chest, back and shoulders and rubber bands around it. Armor pieces are ochre, and armor is scarlet. Type III armor only has armor pieces on the chest and abdomen, with leather as the wide edge around it, no armor pieces on the shoulders and back, oblique straps on the back to fix the body, and armor bands on the abdomen, which are ochre and scarlet. The front and back lapels of these armor have three shapes: semicircle, flush edge and pointed circle. The up-and-down opening and closing positions of the armor, some are tied with belts in the upper right corner of the chest, and some are tied with belts in the upper left corner and upper right corner of the chest. There are six pieces of armor on the armor plate, at least two pieces. The nail plate knitting method includes vertical knitting and horizontal knitting. Vertical knitting: the chest nail plate is pressed by the upper piece and the abdomen nail plate is pressed by the lower piece to adapt to the movement law of body bending. Horizontal knitting: from the middle to both sides, the front piece is pressed on the back piece. This method is often used for arm armor.