Liu Chan Adou can't afford it because Zhuge Liang failed in education?

For, the world often calls it a sinus that can't be helped. Why Adou can't afford to help? Apart from his own qualifications, it is also inseparable from the failed education of his parents and teachers.

As a father, Liu Bei is of course the most responsible. Generally speaking, many fathers in ancient times were not at home all the year round, and the education of their children was generally entrusted to their wives, who educated their children. This Adou was born in Xinye, Jingzhou, which is not bad. He was brought up by two mothers. Mrs Mi and Mrs Gan are said to be sisters and take good care of Liu Bei's only son. Unfortunately, Cao Cao's expedition to the south first led to Mrs Mi's death in the rebels, and shortly after Battle of Red Cliffs, her biological mother, Mrs Gan, also died in the public security. At that time, Adou was still a three-year-old baby, and his poor mother died of illness. Later, Liu Bei became a mistress and married Jiangdong's grandson. Mrs. Sun, a woman in her twenties, likes to dance with knives and swords. Naturally, she is far from educating Adou well.

Liu Bei is busy fighting for the hegemony of the world. First, Cao Cao and Sun Quan squeezed each other and seized four counties in the south of Jingzhou, where they had a foothold. Then he sent troops to Yizhou, hired people to buy hearts in Yizhou under the guise of helping Liu Zhang attack Zhang Lu, and finally captured Yizhou. After winning Yizhou, Liu Bei was busy quelling civil strife. At this time, Soochow took the opportunity to send someone to summon Mrs. Sun back to Wu. Mrs. Sun took the opportunity to take Dou away, but thanks to Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun, she didn't become a hostage. Soon, Zhuge Liang took Adou to Sichuan, and the father and son were finally reunited. At this time, Adou was eight years old, and it was a good time to study.

It's a pity that Liu Bei still didn't have time to teach a Dou, then the battle of Hanzhong, then the battle of Jingzhou of Guan Yu, and then Liu Bei led an army to personally expedition and launched a war against Wu. Later, Liu Bei was defeated in the battle of Yiling, and Liu Bei died a year or two later.

Of course, as a monarch, when Liu Bei has no time to teach, he can also invite people to teach his children. Who is Liu Bei looking for? Looking for Qiao Zhou, a Confucian master known as Confucius in Shu. Qiao Zhou, who was originally a subordinate of Liu Zhang, saw the potential of Liu Bei and persuaded Liu Zhang to surrender and become a guest of Liu Bei. Many years later, the army of the Western Jin Dynasty invaded on a large scale. This Qiao Zhou persuaded the late ruler Liu Chan to surrender, which made Jiang Wei, who was still struggling at the front, angry to death. Some people say that Qiao Zhou judges the situation, but others say that Qiao Zhou is just a villain in have it both ways. In peacetime, Qiao Zhou can be a moral gentleman, living in troubled times, but Qiao Zhou is just a swing, a snob attached to powerful people. What can such a person teach students?

However, Liu Chan was made a prince. When he came into contact with Qiao Zhou, he was fifteen years old. And Qiao Zhou, after all, is just the decree of the prince, just the housekeeper and servant of Dou. The impact on Adou is really limited. In fact, Zhuge Liang was the most influential person in Liu Chan's life.

On his deathbed, Liu Bei called Liu Chan to his side and told Liu Chan: At first, I just had loose bowels, and my condition was not so serious. But later, he became seriously ill and caused other diseases. Now there is probably no possibility of recovery. However, the ancients said that 50 years old is not an early death, you are over 60 years old. No regrets, but your brothers are not at ease. Before, Prime Minister Zhuge wrote to tell me that the prince was very smart and measured, far exceeding expectations. If you can really do what the Prime Minister said, then I have nothing to worry about. You have to work hard! Don't do it with evil small, don't do it with good small'. Only in this way can we make everyone submit and be a good king.

Later, Liu Bei mentioned Liu Chan's education. First, I talked about my attitude. Your father and I are both thin, so you don't have to imitate me. You can read Hanshu and Book of Rites at ordinary times, and read various theories in your spare time, as well as Liu Tao and Shang Jun, which can increase your wisdom. Then I mentioned Zhuge Liang's educational philosophy. I heard that the Prime Minister personally copied several books for you in spite of his busy schedule, such as Shen Zi, Han Feizi, Guan Zi and Tamia Liu, all of which were brought to you by others, but unfortunately they were lost halfway. You can ask the Prime Minister to give you another copy. Later, Liu Bei called his other sons and told them that after his death, all your brothers should serve the Prime Minister like their parents and help him well.

Many scholars in the past dynasties have different opinions about this book list opened by Zhuge Liang. In the view of Confucian scholars, when a monarch governs the world, he should naturally focus on benevolence and righteousness, and should read more classics such as the Five Classics. For example, Liu Bei told Liu Chan that he should read more Han Shu and The Book of Rites. Now, we often think that Historical Records is the best written in the chronicles of past dynasties. In fact, in the eyes of ancient orthodox scholars, the achievements of Hanshu are greater than historical records, and the most commendable thing is the respect for moral etiquette. Compared with Historical Records, it has strong personal feelings, and it is not unreasonable for some people to criticize Historical Records as a libel book. The Book of Rites is the most comprehensive book introducing various rites and meanings in the Five Classics, and it is also a comparative study of ancient emperors.

According to legend, "Liu Tao" was written by Jiang Ziya in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it specifically talked about the way of arranging troops. Shang Jun is the work of Shang Yang, a representative of the Legalist School, which emphasizes the rule of law with severe punishment. As a king, in troubled times, on the one hand, we should pay attention to etiquette and justice and win the hearts of the people; On the other hand, on the battlefield, we should also talk about the military and win the battle, while controlling our subordinates and managing the world requires the rule of law. It should be said that the bibliography recommended by Liu Bei to Liu Chan is comprehensive, while that recommended by Zhuge Liang is somewhat extreme.

Zhuge Liang did not recommend Hanshu and the Book of Rites, but added the works of Shen Zi, Han Feizi and Guan Zi, the representative works of legalists. Shen Zi pays attention to the difference between appearance and reality, Han Feizi pays attention to ruling the country by law and ruling the country by art, while Guan Zi advocates weighing the pros and cons and making concessions in order to achieve a balance of power. These works are to persuade you to focus on the present, get quick success and instant benefit, blindly talk about magic and deceive people. Zhuge Liang's education of Liu Chan in this way, didn't he teach Liu Chan badly?

But some scholars are full of praise for Zhuge Liang's book list. Tang Geng, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, believed that kings of all dynasties should have good wisdom and political skills in order to set things right. The late ruler Liu Chan was a mediocre and weak monarch. The teaching of benevolence and righteousness will only aggravate Liu Chan's shortcomings. Therefore, Liu Bei also hopes to see more about the Six Towers, pay attention to the art of war, see more about Shu and pay attention to the rule of law, but Zhuge Liang is more practical, aiming at the weaknesses, increasing the education of legalism and letting him know more about tactics. Tang Geng expressed disdain for those corrupt literati who spoke of benevolence and righteousness.

In fact, during the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan once gave Lv Meng a list of books. At that time, Monroe was a senior leader of Wu Dong's army, but he knew nothing about it. Sun Quan gave Lv Meng a list of books for him to study after completing his official duties. Sun Quan said: When I was young, I read such classics as Poetry, Book, Rite, Zuo Zhuan and Mandarin, but I didn't read Yi. After taking office, I often read Historical Records, Han Shu, Dongguan Han Shu and various military books, such as Sun Tzu's Art of War and Six Towers, and found it very helpful. Sun Quan said that there are so many books that it is difficult to read them all at once. Lv Meng can read The Art of War, Tamia Liu, Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin, Historical Records, Hanshu and Dongguan Hanshu first.

Looking at the list of books that Sun Quan gave to Lv Meng, I omitted the works that I read when I was young to promote Confucian benevolence and righteousness. After all, the military situation is urgent, time is pressing, and everything is pragmatic. So, what is most helpful for practical work? One is the works of military strategists, and the other is the history books that can be used as reference. As for the legalist works, Sun Quan did not mention them. It is estimated that this has something to do with taking over Liu Zhang and relaxing the law and order in Sichuan, which needs to be rectified urgently. Since Sun Ce, Soochow has been relatively stable internally. In Confucian classics, Sun Quan said that he did not read the Book of Changes, because the Book of Changes mostly preached the theory of divination and destiny, which was empty and unrealistic.

Judging from Monroe's later performance, Sun Quankai's book list is very effective. Soon after, Lu Su saw Monroe again and could not help admiring: "I must go back to Wu!" " ! Moreover, Liu Chan was able to control the Han Shu regime for more than 30 years after Zhuge Liang's death, and the effect of Zhuge Liang's education was not bad.