Shortcomings of Shang dynasty, urgent argument

Disadvantages of internal and external service alliance in Shang Dynasty

The internal service is the activity area of the merchant's own family, and the external service is a country outside the merchant's family. Shang Wang handled the affairs of his family and surrendered foreigners through two different management systems. As a result, the Shang king controlled the actual power of the alliance and formed a dominant and dominated relationship with other countries. However, the control of the Shang king over the participating countries of the alliance is limited. Countries have basically maintained their original social structure, and they have great autonomy except their obligations to the Shang king. In other words, the relationship between the central and local governments in Shang Dynasty was not maintained by the direct personnel control between the central and local governments, but by the way that local tribal countries established a covenant with the central government under the powerful military power of Shang Dynasty, which is what Qian Mu said: "The princes admitted that the emperor was the son of heaven".

There were two kinds of official positions in Shang dynasty: Chinese and Korean official positions and foreign official positions. Among the internal officials, there are external court administrators and internal court administrators. The chief executive is the "prime minister" who assists the Shang king in making decisions, also known as "A, Bao and Yin". The senior officials of the dynasty were collectively called Qing people. The "three publics" are honorifics set by people, and they are not permanent. In addition, there are books (also known as Tibetan history and civil history) responsible for divination, sacrifice and recording, divination and praying for ghosts and gods, recording and keeping ancient books, teachers of military attaché s, musicians and Shao Shi. The court official is an official who serves the royal family, mainly the general manager and the trusted minister. I manage all the specific affairs of the royal family, including the secretary in charge of all kinds of work, the clothes in charge of grain collection, animal husbandry, hunting, wine, king cars, king cars (also known as servants and kings), the military officer Ya, the guardian Ya, the rural elders who educate the children of nobles, and the "sound" of a foreign land. Officials abroad mainly include the leaders of Fang, Hou Bo, people who serve the imperial court and people who guard the border.