Give examples to illustrate the performance of China's cultural competitiveness? Urgent! ! !

The Book of Changes is the earliest accumulation of China culture. The Book of Changes originated from the temperament culture of the Chinese nation. Before the Book of Changes, the Chinese nation was still in the stage of temperament perception. These feelings were recorded in China's Chinese characters and China's special symbols (Yin-Yang, Sixty-four hexagrams) with the Book of Changes, which confirmed the gene of China's temperament culture. Our ancestors had observed and thought about nature, temperament and cultural operation before they got the Book of Changes. The formation of the Book of Changes is basically like this: first there is affection, then there is softness of yin and yang, then there is change, then there is gossip, then it becomes the earliest Book of Changes, then it is interpreted as sixty-four hexagrams, then it becomes the upper and lower hexagrams, and finally it becomes the final Book of Changes.

Mr Zhang Dainian said, "Zhouyi is the algebra of the universe". This is very reasonable. I ching makes vague and imaginary things settle down, and makes images, ideas, qi and nature become visible forms, which can be deduced. The reason is quite subtle and its correctness can be imagined. The Book of Changes actually talks about the relationship between temperament, personality and culture, emotion and scene, thinking and environment. This relationship is based on a basic concept, namely Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang (symbolized as Yin and Yang) is the first step to explain things in the Book of Changes. The second step is the unity of opposites, which summarizes two aspects of the contradiction of things: rigidity, beauty and ugliness, strength and size; The third step is deductive transformation, from the outside to the inside, making the external, material and materialized things turn inward, perceived by our feelings, perceived by our hearts and perceived by our hearts, and transformed layer by layer; The fourth step, from form to potential, and then from potential to qi, let those external and cognitive things be transformed into things that can be integrated into the heart, and gradually from form to image, from image to meaning, from meaning to qi, and then to sex. "Sex" is to see the fundamental things.

As can be seen from the above, the difference between Yin and Yang, the unity of opposites, the changes from exterior to interior, from form to potential, from potential to potential, make the whole thinking system form, and the symbols, paths and transformations of thinking are realized one by one, and finally endless changes can be produced from it. This is the unique way of thinking formed by the Book of Changes for China people, an image way of thinking, a network, three-dimensional, systematic and changing way of thinking. If culture is a concrete development, the Book of Changes means meaning, acceptance and abstract expression. The Book of Changes gives the future development direction of China culture. The development direction of this temperament should be periodic, wavy and spiral.

There is no doubt that the Book of Changes is an ancient book with profound connotation, wide influence and long history in the history of Chinese civilization. The Book of Changes is known as "the head of the group classics" and "the source of the avenue". For thousands of years, the Book of Changes has attracted people to study and apply it in various fields with its external charm (peculiar structure and symbolic form) and profound connotation (eternal wisdom and complicated and magical operation mechanism), forming a huge research system of the Book of Changes.

After thousands of years of vicissitudes, The Book of Changes has become the root of China culture, and its character and spirit are deeply embedded in the national character of the Chinese nation. Yi Dao pays attention to the combination of Yin and Yang, combines rigidity with softness, and advocates self-improvement and virtue. In the 5,000-year history of civilization, the Chinese nation has been able to endure numerous disasters for a long time, tide over the difficulties, recover from the recession, and continue to grow and develop, which is closely related to our nation's grasp of the times of Yi Dao spirit.

Based on the Book of Changes, all the later cultural forms of the Chinese nation were formed. Among them, Confucianism and Taoism are its main forms.

The traditional culture of China has always been dominated by Confucianism and Taoism. Of course, both of them can be traced back to the Book of Changes, which set the basic spirit for them, that is, temperament and image. Although Buddhism was introduced into China, it never became the mainstream of China culture except in a certain dynasty when it was forced by individual rulers. Because "Buddhism" pursues spirituality completely divorced from emotion, which is contrary to China's temperament culture. On the contrary, the temperament and culture of China people require emotional perfection. Even if China people "believe in Buddhism", China people should also believe in Buddhism themselves. Most people burn incense to worship Buddha and pray for the blessing of Bodhisattva, precisely for secular purposes, which is contrary to the spirit and teachings of Buddhism. Originally, Guanyin Bodhisattva was backward in the Buddhist system, but a strange phenomenon is that Guanyin Bodhisattva is more popular in China, even surpassing the Buddha. In the eyes of China people, Guanyin is portrayed as a female image, although this is not the case. All this stems from China people's Chinese emotional appeal for "kindness" and "sadness": it seems more reasonable to externalize this emotion into female images. After reaching temperament, China people's spiritual realm will not rise again, and will not rise to the "pure spirit" realm without emotion. China people's temperament is implicit and broad enough, and it has even spread to every aspect of life. Flowers, birds, insects, fish, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting can all entrust their temperament and cultivate their lives, but it seems unnecessary to add a "god" to it. This can also explain why Christianity has not been popular in China, because China people seem to pay little attention to the so-called "God" and the so-called "faith" based on God. "God" is in conflict with the temperament and culture of China people.

But "Tao" is the most in line with the temperament needs of China people. Taoism requires a high degree of unity and selflessness between man and nature, which is the highest state of emotion. "Tao Te Ching" says: Man should be on the ground, the ground should be on the sky, the sky should be on the road, and the road should be natural. And nature has shaped China's temperament culture. Tao Te Ching also said: opposition, the movement of Tao; The weak, use the Tao. Another cloud: Good as water. In a word, Laozi brilliantly revealed these profound philosophical thoughts, such as dialectical unity, extreme contradiction, mutual transformation of contradictions, development movement of things, and combining rigidity with softness, and developed the profound theory of Yijing in simpler language. Of course, our descendants still find it profound. Mao Zedong wrote the famous "On Contradiction", which is in the same strain and has been developed. We always think that Hegel and Marx put forward and developed these philosophical theories. In fact, they are already 2000 years late, but they have just described it again in simpler words.

So, what about Confucianism? If home is an emotional bond between man and himself and between man and nature, Confucianism is an emotional bond between man and society. Confucianism stipulated all the emotional norms between people. However, this emotional norm was born from the self, and then self-centered formed an emotional circle. First of all, of course, the closest parents, wives (husbands) and children, then brothers and sisters, and then grandparents and uncles. In this way, a family, a family, is maintained by emotions. This can also explain why China people attach so much importance to family and affection. China people's emotions are self-centered at first, introverted, and then externalized.

Confucius and Mencius put forward "benevolence, courtesy and wisdom", and Dong Zhongshu extended it to "benevolence, courtesy and wisdom", which is called "five permanent members".

"Constant" people are constant, and their spirit can transcend regions and times and last forever. This is the understanding of the ancients. However, it is also true that the "five permanent members", as an important part of China's ethical subject, run through the whole development process of China's ethics. They are not only a moral norm, but also a moral consciousness and concept. As the core factor in China's traditional value system, they have influenced people in China for more than 2000 years, become the constituent elements of national spirit, become the roots of Chinese spiritual culture all over the world, and are the important factors for Chinese culture to play the role of coagulant.

Confucius said, "The benevolent loves others". Love is self-discovery, self-affirmation and self-respect; "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", while benevolence is for yourself, and benevolence is for yourself, for people and for things. It is required to start from oneself and establish the main personality; Benevolence is a moral norm from itself to family, society and the world. The core of Confucius and Mencius' theory of benevolence is to talk about man, which is the sublimation of his philosophy. Benevolence can not only coordinate the family relationship between father and son, but also coordinate the hierarchical relationship between monarch and people, and also adjust the equal relationship between friends.

"Benevolence" is a symbol of the moral spirit of the Chinese nation. Since Confucius advocated the benevolence theory of "benevolent loves others", benevolence has almost become the virtue of the Chinese nation and an unchanging virtue. It is not only the most basic and highest virtue, but also the most universal virtue standard and a moral concept.

"Righteousness" means propriety and propriety, the highest morality that people should follow, and the human justice that people should follow. Every member of society must do something, which is an end in itself, not a means to other ends. If a person follows certain morality for other immoral reasons, even if what he does objectively meets the requirements of morality, it is still unjust. In the words of Confucius, this is "profit". In Confucianism, "righteousness" and "benefit" are diametrically opposed.

Confucius emphasized benevolence and advocated righteousness, but he didn't tell people why. This problem was solved by Mencius. Mencius put forward that "human nature is good". He said that "human nature" already contains the elements of goodness (compassion, obedience, shame and evil, right and wrong). This kind of good element will naturally become what Confucius called "four virtues" if it is not hindered by external forces. In other words, the reason why people want to be "benevolent" is that there is no need for a reason, and it should be.

However, people will still be interfered by external interests, so it still needs certain ways and methods to cultivate the virtue of "benevolence" So, what kind of ways and methods are needed? The university answered this question. "University" put forward "three basic principles" and "eight orders". The "three cardinal guides" are "showing virtue, being close to the people and stopping at perfection", pointing out the purpose of Confucian cultivation; "Eight Eyes" means "being realistic, knowledgeable, sincere, upright, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world". To be "wise" in the world, we must first govern the country; Governing the country must first govern the family; If you want to keep your family together, you must first cultivate yourself; To cultivate one's morality, one must first be upright; To be honest, you must be sincere first; To be sincere, you must first know; If you want to know, you must learn something first. Thus, it points out a gradual and complete road of moral cultivation.

Then, in the process of self-cultivation, how to measure the standard of judgment and grasp? The question was answered evenly. The "middle" of the "golden mean" is to abide by the golden mean and be impartial; Courage is common. The doctrine of the mean means always abiding by it.

For Confucian norms, Confucius pointed out the question of "what", Mencius answered the question of "why", the university expounded the purpose, way and method, and the golden mean gave the standard of judgment. Therefore, we can see that the Confucian ethical theory system is very complete and rigorous, which is also an important reason for its far-reaching influence and spread to this day.

So we can also see how developed the emotional system of China people is. China people's emotional system constitutes China's family, clan, country and social system, and even the two are the same thing.

If Laozi is of world significance, then Confucius is of China significance. Laozi's "Tao" developed the cosmological epistemology of the Book of Changes. Confucius' Confucianism developed the social epistemology of the Book of Changes. And they all originated from China's temperament culture, and finally they all belong to temperament. In fact, in the long historical process of China, Confucianism and Taoism have always been complementary and alternate. When China's society is turbulent or weak, Taoism will always play a role, such as Taoism in the late Qin and early Han Dynasties and Confucianism in the heyday of the Han Dynasty. At the end of Han Dynasty and the beginning of Jin Dynasty, Taoism was dominant, and in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Confucianism was dominant. So back and forth. When the Chinese nation is weak or in danger, the dialectical thinking of Taoism, the truth of the transformation of things and the theory of the reincarnation of heaven can always give people new hope and point out the bright future. In this sense, Lao Tzu's "inaction" is actually "promising" in a greater sense. When the society is stable and prosperous, Confucian ethics is needed to maintain the harmony of social relations. Therefore, the alternation of Confucianism and Taoism maintains and promotes the development of Chinese civilization and the progress of the Chinese nation.

Starting from the "temperament" of China culture, it can also explain why it has been difficult for China to establish a strict legal society. Because this "ruthless" legal system and China people's emotional system are mutually exclusive. Even in modern China society, the rule of law and the rule of man must be combined. Law and morality must also coexist. China people are not forced to go to court., In fact, they will not go to court. China people's first thought is "settling down", which still belongs to the category of "emotion" and "morality". Only when this road is blocked will we go to court and resort to the law. This is completely different from the court that westerners first think of when they encounter disputes. In 2006, one third of legal disputes in China were settled out of court. Out-of-court reconciliation is also one of the basic spirits of justice in China. Therefore, no matter how perfect China's legal society is, we can't rule out emotional factors, because this is the foundation of China culture.

So this can also explain the first question we mentioned earlier: Why did China culture last for five thousand years? Because China people's temperament culture and the resulting emotional system are so developed and deeply rooted, and this emotional system closely corresponds to the state and social system, almost no accident can interrupt and break up this system. This system is not maintained by one person, but by the whole nation. This emotional culture has penetrated into the blood of this nation, so its vitality will become so strong. Therefore, even if it is invaded by foreigners, this emotional system and social system are motionless, like a huge and tough net, but the invaders are attracted by this net and cannot break free. Huahua's culture can last forever.

As a famous western scholar said frankly: "The origin of world philosophy is undoubtedly in China. We have to fall at the feet of China's oriental philosophy. " As a famous entrepreneur in China said: "If we didn't read western management and economics works twenty years ago, it would be ignorance;" But if we only look at their works after 20 years, it is incompetence. "So, while trying to catch up with western technology and economy, don't forget that we are still from China. We have the deepest oriental philosophy and the most profound China culture in the world, and we have the responsibility to inherit and carry them forward, because we are all excellent China people and we are all outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation.

China culture is truly "people-oriented" culture. Because it is not limited to material things, nor is it divorced from the secular pure spirit. It is people themselves, paying attention to people's emotional and psychological pleasure and maintaining social harmony. And isn't this the ultimate goal of human happiness? If there is only material wealth without emotion, people will not be happy. On the one hand, modern society has created rich material life and provided convenient living conditions, but on the other hand, it makes people physically and mentally exhausted and has no time to take care of temperament and emotion. China's temperament culture warns people that temperament pleasure and emotional happiness are the true meaning of life! China people's temperament and attitude of "being happy with the situation" and "being safe with small wealth" can make China people maintain a certain degree of temperament pleasure and satisfaction even if they are not very rich. Similarly, when the material life of human beings is rich enough, it will often be a kind of "temperament" life. Although it is a higher level, activities that are divorced from the "pure spirit" of life are not suitable for human beings. From this perspective, this is the positive significance of China culture to world culture, which points out the ultimate direction of world civilization: the pursuit of human emotional happiness. Confucianism's "leveling the world" is to make this state of perfection universal in the world.

Then, we have seen the advantages of China culture, its super assimilation ability and strong vitality, and its positive significance to human happiness and the process of human civilization. Of course, China culture also has its negative side. For example, some aspects of it hinder the full expression of China people's scientific spirit and the full play of China people's wisdom. Its too casual temperament may lead to people's attitude of "not strict", "ordinary" and "casual". These two points are also a place that restricts our country's scientific and technological level and high-end manufacturing industry. At the same time, it also conflicts with the society ruled by law. However, the inclusiveness and flexibility of China culture is enough for us to solve these problems, and it is also enough for China to absorb the outstanding cultural achievements of the world and integrate into modern society. We should see these shortcomings in order to correct them; But at the same time, we can't deny the mainstream of China culture just because there is such a little deficiency. A man wrote a book "Ugly China People", pointing out many shortcomings of China people, which was originally a good thing, but worse, he extended some individual behaviors of China people to all China people; More seriously, he tried to deny the genes of China culture, thus denying the whole culture of China. This is ignorant and pathetic. Therefore, Li Ao wrote a book "A Study of Ugly China People" to criticize him.

There are many books about China culture, but I think the only book that really gets to the point and the essence is China People-Spirit and Meteorology of People in Temperament. If you want to know the essence of China culture, I suggest you read this book. Many of my ideas above come from this book.

Go back and talk about the roots of China culture. China culture has its excellent roots, and this root lies in the Book of Changes. It is a sin for future generations to regard the Book of Changes as a book for divination and fortune-telling. In fact, I ching is excellent in philosophy, social ethics and natural science. Every aspect has established a profound theory. Laozi developed his philosophy and Confucius developed his social theory. On the one hand, in natural science, we must admit that our descendants have not made greater progress except Chinese medicine. The Book of Changes has a strong theory of logical calculation and insight into the most genius of numerical operation. Didn't Leibniz, who first invented the numerical computer, personally admit that his invention directly originated from the Book of Changes? Isn't our computer today based on the binary and octal of the Book of Changes? It would be strange if the computer is not based on binary and octal! Having said that, some angry youths may jump out and curse the streets again: Since the Book of Changes has these advanced things, why didn't China people invent computers?

We have a good foundation, a good scientific foundation. However, we must admit that China culture emphasizes the inferiority of rank and official position, and the tendency of the whole society to give priority to "literature", as well as the defects of temperament culture itself as I pointed out above, which stifles the original scientific spirit in China culture to a certain extent. In fact, there were also "celebrities" in the Spring and Autumn Period, with profound logic; There are also some outstanding scientists in later generations. However, it has not become the mainstream value of China culture and China society. I think if we combine China's outstanding scientific thoughts inherited from the ancient Book of Changes with modern science, China will not only have four great inventions, but also produce the fifth great invention that attracts worldwide attention.

But now there are many people who, while blindly advocating the West, forget that they are descendants of China people, fiercely attack China culture and belittle themselves. If ordinary people know this, there are many so-called "experts" and "scholars". This can not help but make people feel embarrassed! As we said earlier, some scholars proposed to completely pinyin Chinese characters, some scholars proposed to abolish "traditional Chinese medicine", and some scholars also proposed to abolish the totem symbol of "dragon" in China to cater to the tastes of foreigners. These are all ignorant and even shameless.

Someone replied to my post in the forum and said, "I am sure that there will never be great theorists like Newton and Einstein in China." . In fact, I dare to assert that if there is a greater scientist who can surpass Newton and Einstein in the future, then this person will definitely appear in China. I wonder if the person who said this has studied Einstein and Newton carefully and studied their history. At least I studied it. I have also studied relativity, studied why special relativity was born and how general relativity was put forward. In fact, Newton devoted almost all his energy to theology in his later years, and there was no originality in science; Einstein never finished his unified field theory in his later years, and he was always confused. Happily, I know that some China scholars have made progress in this field, and they are all inspired by the Book of Changes.

Similarly, in medicine, western scholars also admit that since western medicine has made qualitative progress in dealing with bacteria and viruses, decades and hundreds of years have passed, and western medicine has not made obvious progress. We have been stagnant in cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Is that okay? Isn't there something wrong with the western way of thinking? And if we combine the excellent achievements of western medicine and carry forward the advantages of Chinese medicine, who says that there can be no new major progress? Fortunately, as far as I know, a professor at Fudan University in Shanghai has preliminarily proved the existence of meridians in traditional Chinese medicine through physical, chemical and mathematical methods. Further demonstration work is under way. Isn't that a good thing? How can we always laugh at ourselves?

When we say that the Book of Changes is advanced, we are actually saying that we are now behind the thinking of the Book of Changes. Can't we inherit, explore and innovate? While criticizing China culture more, can't we see its superiority more and carry it forward?

This responsibility falls on us in modern China and on us in China. We can't always underestimate ourselves!