How to understand the poem "I am afraid of the emperor's defeat in the second half of my life"?

My understanding of the poem "I am afraid of the second half of my life, and I am afraid of the downfall of the court in the second half of my life";

Yu: Me: Myself: Afraid, worried about disaster: Disaster Huang Yu: The carriage that the monarch rode extended to the failure of the monarchy or the country: The whole sentence means: I am not afraid of disaster, but I am worried that the country of the King of Chu will be subverted.

These two poems, "Worried about the country and the people in the second half of life, and the downfall of the imperial court", show that the poet is afraid of his own disaster, afraid of his own disaster and only worried about the subversion of the country, worried about the country and the people, and concerned about people's safety and noble thoughts and feelings.

Qu Yuan, with a pure heart, has a deep attachment to the troubled motherland. When he was in Korea, he tried his best to help the king of Chu and tried to revitalize Chu. After being dismissed, he still didn't give up his ambition of "loyalty to the monarch and patriotism". This "fear in the second half of life" shows that the poet doesn't care about himself. For a long time, he ignored personal advance and retreat, feared "the defeat of the imperial court", and only cared about the future and destiny of the kingdom, but Chu could not allow it. In fact, it is not uncommon for the seven countries to compete for supremacy, the princes to be independent, the talents to flow freely, and the talents to be useless. Many people have been to the Qin Dynasty.

With Qu Yuan's talent and reputation, it is not difficult to find another way, but he can't live without Chu. The patriotic feelings accumulated in his chest are inextricably bound to him. He would rather die for his country than leave his parents' motherland. The poet's persistent patriotic complex gave birth to a deep sense of hardship.

I'm afraid the imperial court will be defeated!

A Brief Introduction to Li Sao

Li Sao is a poem about Qu Yuan's political career. Narration in the form of romance and lyricism is its main style. The flexible alternation of fu, bi and xing is the biggest feature of his language use.

It expresses the idea that if Chu wants to be strong, it must carry out American politics. He expressed his dissatisfaction and remorse after the failure to implement the US government, and his firm belief in continuing to implement the US government. He said that he would rather die than betray the king of Chu if he had no chance to do American politics again.

The whole poetry center: promoting American politics.

Narrative path: hard preparation, grief and indignation of failure, and reflection without regret; Once again, his attempt was frustrated and he was hopeless. He couldn't bear to vote and died.

Structure of the whole poem: it is divided into five chapters *** 14 complete paragraphs. The first two chapters * * * contain seven complete paragraphs as the first half; The last three chapters also contain seven complete paragraphs as the second half.

In order to facilitate memory, the whole poem can also be divided into ten coherent independent stories:

In the first half, there were five, Qu Yuan led the way, Qu Yuan was wronged, Qu Yuan was unyielding, Qu Yuan was resented, and Qu Yuan argued for it.

In the second half, there are five: Qu Yuan knocks on the sky, Qu Yuan asks for women, Qu Yuan asks for divination, Qu Yuan asks for God, and Qu Yuan votes again.

The first chapter "demoted" line 53;

Quyuan leads the way

(1) Born, ambitious and hardworking. 1 to 8***8 lines;

(2) The necessity of promoting American politics. Lines 9 to 18*** 10;

Qu Yuan was wronged.

(3) The process and reasons of the failure of legal reform. Line 19 to 35 * * *17;

(4) Evaluate the situation of legal reform, and express views on failure and attitudes towards legal reform. Lines 36 to 53 *** 18.

The second chapter "reflection" line 38:

Qu yuan's unyielding

(5) Self-reflection after failure. Lines 54 to 65 * * *12;

Qu Yuan was hated.

(6) Relatives complained that Qu Yuan was demoted (which led to the reflection of borrowing history later). 66 to 7 1***6 lines;

Qu yuan's reasoning

(7) Be reasonable and passionate. Lines 72 to 9 1***20.

The third chapter "try again" line 38:

Qu Yuan knocks at heaven.

(8) Knock on Tianmen (directly find the King of Chu). Line 92 to107 * * *16;

Qu Yuan begged women.

(9) begging for beauty (taking the harem route). Lines 108 to 129***22.

The fourth chapter "Wandering" line 38;

Qu yuan asked divination.

(10) Ask questions and consider them. Lines 130 to140 * *11;

Qu Yuan asked God.

(1 1) Pray for God. Line 14 1 to151* *1;

(12) seriously consider the guidance of the great gods and make up your mind to vote. Lines 152 to 167*** 16.

Chapter V "How to Vote" 2 1 Line:

Qu Yuan voted for him.

(13) Go to the Western Heaven and vote for the Western Emperor. Lines 168 to185 * * *18;

(14) The summary of the whole poem is the center of the whole poem. Lines 186 to 188***3.

theme

Li Sao can be divided into two parts, namely, from Miao of Emperor Levin to How Can I Punish My Heart, which is the first part; The second half is from "my wife is uncomfortable" to "I live in Peng Xian's house".

The first part describes Qu Yuan's review of his past life experience. Describe Qu Yuan's birth name when he was born in an aristocratic family with the same surname as the King of Chu. Describe that he wanted to teach himself virtue and exercise his talents since he was a child, and wanted to serve the State of Chu. Describe his ideal of inspiring and guiding the king of Chu to "follow the footsteps of the former king" to make Chu rich and strong, and his struggle to assist the king of Chu in political reform; However, because Qu Yuan's political ideal and reform practice violated the vested interests of the decadent aristocratic groups, they suffered heavy persecution and blows, and slanders were everywhere. The king of Chu also listened to rumors and alienated and exiled Qu Yuan. At this time, the talents carefully cultivated by Qu Yuan to realize his ideals also deteriorated, making Qu Yuan's situation extremely isolated. In this case, Qu Yuan saw that his ideal could not be realized, "how difficult people's lives are", and the motherland fell into a precarious situation of "the road is long and Xiu Yuan is full of dangers", which made Qu Yuan, who loves the country and loves the people, fall into extreme pain; Qu Yuan angrily exposed the capricious, disloyal and incompetent behavior of the King of Chu. At the same time, it exposed the evils of corrupt aristocratic groups, such as greed and jealousy, stealing peace, breaking the law and practicing favoritism, which led to the peril of the motherland; Described Qu Yuan's fighting spirit of not giving in to reactionary forces.

The second half mainly describes Qu Yuan's exploration and pursuit of the future road and truth. First of all, the woman advised him to accept the lessons of history, not to "rush to repair", to be wise and protect himself; However, through the statement of Zhong Hua, Qu Yuan analyzed the historical facts from ancient times to the present and denied the hint of Nu Wa. As a result, Qu Yuan began the course of pursuing his ideal, "The road is long and Xiu Yuan is Xi, Xiu Yuan is Xi, and I will go up and down". First of all, he knocked on "Tianhao", but he was given a cold shoulder. Then, the poet looked for Yao, the daughter of Yi, and Yao, the second daughter of Yu, in order to reach the Heaven Emperor, but none of them succeeded, symbolically indicating that the king of Chu was hopeless. So Qu Yuan went to the gods for divination, and the gods advised him to travel abroad. The poet hesitated and went to Hsien Wu for advice. Hsien Wu advised him to stay in Chu for a period of time until he became a wise king. In the contradictory suggestions, the poet analyzed the domestic political situation and felt that he could not stay in the dark and hopeless Chu State for a long time, so he decided to travel far away from Chu State. However, the idea of traveling far away contradicts Qu Yuan's patriotic feelings, so when he ascended to heaven to travel far away, he suddenly saw the land of Chu, saying that "the servant is more sad than Ma Huaixi, but he is helpless", which vividly denied the way to leave Chu. Finally, the poet decided to "live in Peng Xian's home" to pay homage to his ideal of "beautiful politics" by dying.

The theme of the whole poem, that is, through the description of the poet's lifelong struggle for lofty ideals, strongly expresses his anguish and contradictory feelings of being killed, shows his spirit of dedication to the country, deep patriotism and sympathy for the people, and shows the poet's indomitable struggle spirit of bravely pursuing truth and light and upholding justice and ideals. At the same time, it also profoundly exposed the decadent and dark nature of the Chu aristocratic group headed by Chu Jun, and criticized their crimes of reversing right and wrong, running a private party, harming talents and doing evil for the country.

Creative rationality

Qu Yuan is rich in knowledge and has lofty ideals. He advocated amending the law internally and employing people externally. The die-hards in the aristocratic group of Chu constantly attacked and excluded Qu Yuan, making it impossible to realize his political ideal of fighting for it all his life. He used poetry to pour out his sad thoughts and lingering emotions.

Brief introduction of the author

Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC) was born in Zigui, Danyang, the State of Chu (now Yichang, Hubei), and was a poet and politician of the State of Chu during the Warring States Period. Slashed by nobles, he was exiled to Hanbei and Yuanxiang Valley. After the capital of Chu was breached by Qin Jun, it sank into the Miluo River and died for Chu. He is a great patriotic poet in the history of China, the founder of China's romantic literature, and the founder and representative writer of Songs of the South. He initiated the tradition of "vanilla beauty" and was known as the "father of Songs of the South". Song Yu, Jing Ke and other famous poets in Chu were all influenced by Qu Yuan. According to legend, Qu Yuan committed suicide by throwing himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, that is, the Dragon Boat Festival. Dragon Boat Festival was originally a festival for China people to get rid of diseases and prevent epidemics. Before the Spring and Autumn Period in Wuyue, there was a custom of holding tribal totem sacrifices in the form of dragon boat races on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. After the death of Qu Yuan, this day became a traditional festival in China to commemorate Qu Yuan.