Translation and appreciation of ancient literary views

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The Songs of Chu

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Chu Ci is a unique style created by Chu people represented by Qu Yuan on the basis of folk songs during the Warring States Period. In the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang sorted out the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others, and named them Chuci. The article describes that Qu Yuan was exiled, "not to be seen again for three years", and he was upset and didn't know what to do, so he went to ask Bu and put forward such a serious question as how to be a man. Set it as a question-and-answer language to vent the author's cynicism.

original text

After Qu Yuan was exiled, he didn't see him again for three years. Be as loyal as you can, but cover up the obstacles in [72]. I am depressed and confused, and I don't know where to go. So Zheng Yinwenbo, who went to see the divination, said, "I am very confused about some things. I hope your divination can help me analyze and judge." . "Zhan Yinnai brushed the turtle and said," How will you teach it? "

To annotate ...

[72] shielding: shielding. Here, Qu Yuan was vilified and alienated by the King of Chu.

translate

After Qu Yuan was exiled, he failed to see the King of Chu for three years. He was loyal to his country, but was slandered by slanders, which made him part ways with the king of Chu. He was upset and didn't know what to do. So I went to visit Taibu Zheng Zhanyin and said to him, "I have a lot of doubts in my heart. I hope Mr. Wang Can can help me solve these problems. " Zhan Yin straightened the yarrow, brushed the dust off the tortoise shell and said, "I don't know what advice?"

original text

Qu Yuan said: "I'd rather see money [73], and Park Yi-chung sent Lao Lai. Is it infinite? " Would you rather mow the grass than plow the field with your strength, and become famous as an adult? Would you rather be outspoken than drag out an ignoble existence, or drag out an ignoble existence and stay away from vulgarity and wealth? Would you rather hold high to the truth, and you will be jealous of women [74] and women [75]? Would rather be honest and clean, not self-cleaning, ridiculous [76] as fat, embarrassed? If you are thousands of miles away, you will be like a duck to water. Go with the flow and steal my whole body? Ning and tied together, will follow the footsteps? Why not compete with the oriole for food, or with the chicken for food? Which is good and which is bad? Where are you going? Things are unclear: cicadas are important, and thousands of people are light; Huang Zhongmiao, Waffleming [78]; Man's arrogance [79], the wise man is unknown. Who knows my Lian Zhen? "

To annotate ...

[73] Xun Yu Youyou: Faithful and sincere, treat others with sincerity.

[74] flattery. Lisi: Beware of flattery.

[75] Oh, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes.

[76] sudden ladder: smooth and cunning.

[77] Yoke: neck and neck. A curved piece of wood used to drive a horse in front of an axle.

[78] Pot pot: This is a metaphor for mediocre people and villains.

[79] Zhang Gao: High status and arrogance.

translate

Qu Yuan said, "Am I sincere, simple and honest, or should I make friends everywhere to get out of trouble?" Am I reclaiming land and weeding, diligent in farming, or making friends with powerful people to achieve fame? Did I put myself in danger by saying it, or did I just drag out an ignoble existence with rich people in the secular world? Am I withdrawn to preserve my nature, or am I flattering and smiling to please that woman? Should I be honest and clean, or should I be smooth and flattering? Am I standing proudly like a fine horse that travels thousands of miles every day, or am I like a wandering wild duck, drifting with the tide to save my health? Should I keep pace with the good horse, or should I follow in Xu's footsteps? In Qi Fei, do I compete with swans or chickens and ducks for food? Which of these choices is auspicious and which is fierce? Where are you going? Where did it come from? The world is so muddy: attach importance to cicadas and despise thousands of miles; The precious yellow bell was destroyed, but the humble crock rang like thunder; Those who flatter others are arrogant, while virtuous people are unknown. Alas, let's be silent. Who can understand my honesty and loyalty? "

original text

Zhan Yin explained the policy and thanked him: "The husband's feet are short, but the inches are strong; Lack of things, ignorance; If you can't count, God can't understand. Do whatever you want. Kamei Cecheng can't know this! "

translate

Therefore, Zhan Yin put down the yarrow and thanked Qu Yuan: "The feet are shorter and the inches are longer; Everything has its shortcomings, and people's wisdom is sometimes unclear; Divination also has unpredictable things, and immortals sometimes can't see them. You'd better fulfill your wishes according to your own wishes. Tortoise shell and yarrow really don't know how to solve these things for you! "

Comment and analysis

At the beginning of this article, I will briefly introduce Qu Yuan's exile for three years because he was framed by a villain. Qu Yuan felt that his future was hopeless, so he came to ask for advice, trying to figure out how to be a man and where to go. From this, he expressed his inner anguish and doubts, showed Geng Jie's personality characteristics of forbearing anger and being upright, and also reflected the reality that black and white were reversed and confused at that time.

Eight "Ning" and eight "Jiang" constitute eight rhetorical questions, which well show Qu Yuan's inner dilemma and reveal his repressed grief and dissatisfaction without disguise. Then he used a series of analogies and metaphors, such as loyalty, sages and himself, to describe Qu Yuan's noble personality, to care about the country and love the people, and to criticize evil and ugliness.