Lake of common sense in ancient culture

1. Introduce some ancient cultural knowledge.

Ancient common sense Which of the following terms means "a congenial friend with a deep friendship"? In ancient times, the word "no doubt in years" meant (forty years old). Note 5 In ancient times, the word "Chun Qing" only referred to a woman (thirteen years old). In ancient times, "Ding" was originally a kind of (cooker) in ancient times. Historical books belonging to the twenty-four histories. The theory of five mountains has existed since ancient times, among which Mount Hengshan is called Nanyue. Note 7 "Yang" in ancient geography refers to (the mountains in the south and the water in the north), the ancient "posthumous title" refers to (the title dedicated to the emperor), and the four ancient art refers to (playing chess and drawing books) in China. What people call "three volts" appears in the lunar calendar (June), in which six animals (pigs, horses, cows, sheep, dogs and chickens) move to the left, which means that what the ancients called "dwelling in a humble abode" means (one's own home), and the four books in "Four Books and Five Classics" are (On Mencius Zhong Yong University). In the saying of building the Great Wall, "Guan" means (Shanhaiguan), and the ancient "Shangyuan Festival" means (Lantern Festival). " "Soft" refers to (money) from 1 o'clock to 3: 00 a.m., which was called (C night) in ancient times, which is equivalent to (1-3 o'clock) in ancient China. Which of the following time periods refers to the current 19:00-2 1:00 (dusk)? In the China lunar calendar, the first day of each month is called (Dark Day). Which of the following is one of the basic colors of the famous "Three Colors of the Tang Dynasty" (white), which was called "Millennium Ice" (crystal) in ancient China and "Ji Jin" in ancient China? The ancients put saltpeter in a bamboo tube and lit it, which produced gunpowder and firecrackers. At first, it was used to ward off plagues and evil spirits. Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in Tang Dynasty, made outstanding contributions to one of the four major releases (gunpowder). The function of "water drain" invented in the Eastern Han Dynasty is to improve the quality of iron smelting. The earliest handicrafts were porcelain. The famous Zhao Zhouqiao is located in Hebei Province.

2. How much does China know about ancient culture?

1. age appellation 0 1, infant: baby under one year old 02, child: child of 2-3 years old 03, crying: child (also called "total angle") 04, cardamom:/kloc-woman of 0/3 years old 05, glutinous rice: a child. The year of know life refers to 50 years old (also known as "knowing destiny" and "half a hundred") 10, 60 years old1,70 years old refers to 70 years old 12, and 80 years old is 6544. )

After obtaining the provincial examination (also known as "Qiu Wei"), students take the provincial examination and are accepted as "Juren". ) will try (also known as "Chunwei", the national examination, juren participated, and was admitted as "Gong Shi". )

Palace examination (national examination, the emperor's examiner, Gong participated, and was admitted as a "Jinshi". Among them, the first name is "No.1 Scholar", the second name is "No.1 Scholar" and the third name is "Exploring Flowers") (2) Content: Four Books and Five Classics, etc. And the article format is defined as "eight-part essay". 3) The main festival in ancient times (0 1) January: the first day of the first month, starting in one year.

(02) People's Day: the seventh day of the first month, master. (03) Shangyuan: On the fifteenth day of the first month, lanterns are put on to watch a play, which is also called "Lantern Festival" (04) Social Day: around the vernal equinox, sacrifices are made to pray for farming.

(05) Cold food: Two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day, there was no fire for three days (Wu Zixu) (06) Tomb-Sweeping Day: At the beginning of April, the grave was visited for sacrifice. (07) Dragon Boat Festival: on the fifth day of May, eating zongzi and rowing dragon boats (Qu Yuan) (08) Tanabata: on the seventh day of July, women seek cleverness (Cowherd and Weaver Girl) (09) Central Plains: July 15th, offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods, also known as "Ghost Festival" (10) Mid-Autumn Festival: August 15th, enjoying the moon.

(13) twelfth lunar month: On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, drink Laba porridge (14). New Year's Eve: On the last night of the year, welcome the beginning of the new year. Fourth, the ancient punishment (0 1): torture: also known as "ink punishment", with words tattooed on the forehead and cheeks. (02) flogging: cutting off the nose (03) flogging: also known as "rod punishment", hitting the board (back, legs, buttocks) (04) flogging: cutting off the foot (He Shibei) (05) castration: also known as "putrefaction", cutting off the male genitals (. 5. Ancient chronology (heavenly stems: A, B, C, D, E, G, F, N, G, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D.

Its characteristics are as follows: a, heavenly stems and earthly branches each forms a Gregorian calendar year, such as "Jiazi Year" and "Renwu Year". B, heavenly stems and earthly branches collocation is always singular to singular, even to even, it is impossible to even and odd combination.

C, 60-year cycle, cycle after cycle. * The method of converting the Gregorian calendar year into the year of supporting cadres (omitted) (2) Year number and year: Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, emperors have had year numbers when they acceded to the throne, and then recorded the year with the emperor's year number.

Such as: the first year of Kangxi. * The year number and the year of the main branch can be used at the same time, such as: April of the second year of Shunzhi (3) The year number of the princes: a chronological method used in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. For example, in the sixteenth year of Zhao Huiwen, the question about official positions was 1, and the word was (1) conferring official positions: except worship; (2) promotion: relocation; (3) demotion: relocation; (4) dismissal: strike; (5) recruitment: recruitment. Six departments: (1) official department (appointment and removal of official positions, promotion, etc. ) (2) household department (local tax account, etc. ) (3) does not (imperial examination school, etc. (4) criminal department (judicial prison cases, etc. Ministry of war (frontier defense of military forces, etc.). (6) Ministry of Industry (water conservancy construction, etc. Yang: The mountains are in the south and the water is in the north.

2. Rivers (ancient "Jiang" refers to the Yangtze River and "He" refers to the Yellow River. 3, inside the customs (before the Han Dynasty, "Guan" specifically refers to Hangu Pass; In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, even now, the three northeastern provinces were called "the Commissioner".

4. Shandong and Shanxi ("Mountain" refers specifically to Lushan Mountain, and later sometimes to Taihang Mountain. 5, ancient and modern place names (mostly-Beijing; Daliang, Bianliang, Tokyo and Bianjing-Kaifeng; Jingkou-Zhenjiang; Jinling, Jianye, Jiankang, Jiangning and Shicheng-Nanjing; Lin 'an and Qiantang-Hangzhou; Gusu and Wu Jun-Suzhou; Huaishang, Jiangdu and Weiyang-Yangzhou; Huiji-Shaoxing; Chang 'an-Xi 'an; Fengtian-Shenyang; Zhigu-Tianjin. )

6, Wuyue (Dongyue Taishan Xiyue Huashan Zhongyue Songshan Nanyue Hengshan Beiyue Hengshan) place names should pay attention to the ancient orientation, the integrity of place names and modern differences. (1) Liuhe: It refers to the four directions of heaven and earth (namely, up, down, east, south, west and north).

(2) Eight Barrens: East, Southeast, South, Southwest, Northwest, North and Northeast. It's a remote place.

Eight Barrens refers to places far away from the Central Plains. (3) Kyushu: The ancient world was divided into Kyushu, namely Yanzhou, Jizhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yuzhou, Jingzhou, Yangzhou, Liangzhou and Yongzhou.

(4) Shandong: refers to the east of Lushan Mountain. (5) Jiangnan: generally refers to the south of the Yangtze River.

(6) Jiangzuo: that is, east of the Yangtze River. (7) River surface: outside the Yangtze River, it refers to the south of the Yangtze River.

(8) Hebei and Henan generally refer to the land of the Central Plains, that is, the Yellow River Basin.

3. Common sense of ancient literature

1. Cultural knowledge 1. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty: Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo.

2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu. 3. Four classic works: A Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and The Journey to the West.

4. Four folklores: The Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl, butterfly lovers, Meng Jiangnv and White Snake. 5. The world's four great short story masters: Chekhov, Mo Bosang, Mark Twain and O'Henry.

6. Su Shi's prose represents the highest achievement of prose in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his poetry and Huang Tingjian are called Su Huang. 7. Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece Tianjingsha Qiu Si is regarded as the originator of Qiu Si.

After ten years' study, Cao Xueqin created Dream of Red Mansions, the greatest realistic work in China's classical novels. After its publication, it was widely circulated, loved by people, and some people studied A Dream of Red Mansions, which has now become an important topic in the study of world literature. 9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern literature in China, and Chen Yi is known as a marshal poet. Cang Kejia is regarded as a clay poet, because most of his poems are about rural areas. In other places, Wen Yiduo is known as the drummer of the times.

10, three friends in the cold: pine, bamboo and plum. 1 1. Four gentlemen in flowers: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum.

12, four friends of literati: piano, chess, books and paintings. 13, Four Treasures of the Study: pen, ink, paper and inkstone.

14, Sikuquanshu: Scenery, History, Zi and Ji. 15, The Book of Songs has six meanings: style, elegance, ode (classification), fu, comparison and xing (expression).

16, Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuanqu, Ming and Qing novels. 17, laurel, top, top, champion: first.

18, three cardinal guides and five permanent members: three cardinal guides: the father is the son, the monarch is the minister, and the husband is the wife; The five permanent members: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. 19, The Four Books and Five Classics are the main classics of Confucianism: The Four Books are The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, The Doctrine of the Mean and The University; The Five Classics refer to poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period.

20. Huang San: Emperor, Huangdi, Ren Huang or Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong; Five Emperors: Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao and Yu Shun. 2 1. Hardware: gold, silver, copper, iron and tin.

22. Five flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty. 23. Five elements: gold, wood, water, fire and earth.

24. The eight methods of permanent characters mean that permanent characters have eight strokes: point, horizontal, vertical, left, press, fold, hook and lift. 25. In ancient times, there were names such as Yao, Xu and imperial academy. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the highest institution of higher learning was imperial academy.

26. Three religions and nine streams: three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism; Jiuliu: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Legalism, Mohism, Militarism and Miscellaneous Farmhouse. 27. Ancient imperial examinations (Sui Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties): ① childbirth examination, also known as childbirth examination, is called childbirth examination. Candidates, regardless of age, are called childbirth. After passing the exam, you can get the qualification of trainee (scholar, xianggong) in order to take the imperial examination.

(2) After the provincial examinations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the examinations were held in the provincial capitals every three years, and the scholars took part. The person who passed the exam is called Jie, and the first person who passed the exam is called Jie. (3) Examination: The Ming and Qing Dynasties held an examination every three years in Beijing. Juren from all provinces and imperial academy Guo Jian students could take the examination, and 300 students were admitted as Gong Shi, and the first one was named as a member.

(4) the palace examination, is the highest level of the imperial examination system, the emperor in the palace, to try to admit Gong Shi, ask yourself, in order to make a first-class merit. Admission is divided into three classes: first-class and third-class, respectively awarded the titles of Jinshi and Ji, the first place in the champion (Dingyuan), the second place in the second place and the third place, collectively called the third-class tripod; A number of dimethyl, given the title of Jinshi origin; A number of the top three, given the title of Jinshi origin.

Second, the most 1 and the earliest collection of poems in China literature is The Book of Songs; 2. The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; 3. The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; 4. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty; 5. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty; 6. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao of the Southern Song Dynasty; 7. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty; 8. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty; 9. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty; 10, the patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty; 1 1. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty. 12, the most famous historical novel in ancient times is Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the early Ming Dynasty; 13. The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. 14. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty. 15. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. 16, the most outstanding collection of classical Chinese short stories in ancient times is Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty; 17, the earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius; 18, the earliest recorded history book in ancient times is Zuo Zhuan; 19, the earliest biographical history in ancient times is Historical Records; 20. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in the Tang Dynasty; 2 1, the greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun; 22. The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun; 23. The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream. 3. Commonly used metonymic words 1, Mulberry: hometown 2, Taoli: student 3, country, Xuanyuan: country 4, Nanguan: prisoner 5, classmate 6, bonfire: war 7, woman 8, bamboo: music 9, man 10. History: Chronicle 13, husband and wife 14, Ding Bai, Buyi people 15, yellow hair: old man 16, mulberry mother: farming 17, support, overlooking: children/kloc.

2. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, also known as Liu Han, were advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. 3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su).

4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as Su Xin; Graceful lyricist: Li Qingzhao (poetess). 5. Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu.

Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in China. He created a new poetic style of Chu Ci and created the romance of China's poetry.

4. Experience of research-based learning of ancient cultural common sense

Regarding the structural classification of China ancient culture, the standards of various schools are different, and the classification is also different: there is a dichotomy between matter and spirit; There is a dichotomy of matter, system and spirit; There are four divisions: material, system, behavior and mentality; There are also six branches: material, social, spiritual, art, language and customs. Although these divisions have different levels, they are all based on the development process of human creation culture, from material to spirit, from perceptual to rational, which is suitable for professionals to study and study. The ancient culture of China in middle school students' learning materials should be divided according to different educational functions.

The ancient cultural knowledge involved in middle school Chinese textbooks includes astronomy, geography, literature and art, philosophy and religion, administrative calendar, military criminal law, yin and yang elements, family etiquette, music and art, food and clothing, crown of horses and chariots, cultural foundation, political and economic system, strategy of governing the country with talents, values and moral sentiments. However, because there is no special text in the textbook to introduce China's ancient cultural knowledge, this knowledge is scattered. Teachers are difficult to teach and students are even more difficult to learn. Therefore, in teaching, we should sort out and classify the scattered ancient cultural knowledge according to the different functions of education. Each category is divided into several knowledge points. Taking an ancient cultural knowledge point as a breakthrough, it is fanned out, broadening the scope and developing in depth. Then discuss the next knowledge point. This has three advantages: first, classify the scattered knowledge in the text into systems and establish knowledge chains. Second, when teachers spread scattered knowledge of ancient culture, they can adopt the method of special lectures. The third is to provide students with a research-based learning method, open their minds and develop good academic habits.

5. Which version of China Ancient Culture Common Sense by Mr. Wang Li is good?

Common sense of ancient culture in China Author: Wang Li Editor-in-Chief Press: Renmin University of China Press Publication Year: 20 12-3 Pages: 1 16 Pricing: 19.80 Yuan Binding: Paperback Series: Wang Li Bie Collection ISBN: 9787300/kloc-0.

The general knowledge of ancient culture in China is divided into four topics: astronomy, calendar, music, geography, official position, imperial examination, name, customs, patriarchal clan system, palace, horses and chariots, diet, clothing and things 14. After several important revisions in half a century, it is still the most important and comprehensive basic reference book to understand the characteristics of ancient China culture.