What were the official positions in ancient China?

The classification is wide, and the following is my collection: the official system of the Qing Dynasty is the product of a surname, a teacher, a Pacific Insurance, and a palace college student. The minister in charge of guards and the minister in charge of guards. From Yipin Taizi Taishi, Taizi Taifu, Taizi Taibao, Shao Shi, Shaofu, Shaobao, ministers of various ministries, Douchayuan, ambassadors, co-organizers of university students, governors (with Shangshu as the title), prefects, nine-step troops, commanders of five battalions (nine prefects) and ministers of the interior. General, commander-in-chief and prefect. The first two products are Prince Shao Shi, Prince Shaofu, Prince Shaobao, General Manager of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Marshal and Zhengqing of Dali Courtyard. Provincial governors, water transport and river transport. The Eight Banners Guards and the (left and right) wings marched forward. Deputy commander and company commander. From the second-class cabinet bachelor, Ministry of War Shangshu rank, imperial academy bachelor, assistant minister of various ministries and hospitals. Governor, minister, minister. Captain. The left and right deputy ambassadors of Zhengsanpin Duchayuan, the general political envoy, Dali Temple Qing, Zhan Shifu James, Shangyu Courtyard Qing, Dali Courtyard, Taichang Temple Qing. Shuntian prefect, Fengtian prefect, provincial judges, step army wing commandant, provincial Jinshi. First-class Guards, Firearms Battalion Wingman, Jianrui Battalion Wingman, Guards Commander, Xiaoqi Commander, Commanders of the Three Armies, Commanders of the Three Armies. City guards, generals, commanders. From the theory of Taipu Siqing and Guanglu Siqing. They all turned to salt ambassadors, salt couriers and political participants. Uniformed guards, uniformed soldiers, and first-class guards in Wang Fu. Guerrilla, participate in the Five Banners, assist in leadership, command mutual knowledge, publicize comfort and guerrilla warfare. Zheng Sipin is the deputy special envoy, secretary of crack hon temple, and minister of Dali Temple, Taichang Temple, Taibu Temple, Master Zhan Shaozhan and Duchayuan. Shun Tianfu Cheng, Feng Tianfu Cheng, Governor, Salt Law Road, and Deputy Ambassador Road. Defend the commander, deputy commander, commander, commander, messenger, commander, commander, commander, commander, commander, commander, commander, commander, commander, commander. Judging from the four products, The Cabinetshi Read Bachelor, imperial academy Bachelor, imperial academy Bachelor, Guanglu Temple Shao Qing and imperial academy toasted. Magistrate, local magistrate, all turn to salt transport to express our company and participate in the discussion. City gate collar, coated guard deputy collar, coated small seven deputy collars, coated assistant collar, four-grade Canon. Fu Xuan and Xuanwei deputy envoys. Zheng Wupin is a doctor of various ministries and hospitals, an ambassador of Imperial Hospital, an illegitimate child of left and right, a Taoist priest and a supervisor of Qin Tian. Zhili Prefecture knows the state, the same knowledge, the local knowledge, the rule of Shuntianfu, the rule of Fengtianfu, and the supervision. Deputy commander of the army, the military academy. Let the company know through defense, defense, garrison and publicity, and let the company do things through publicity. Five products from Shao Qinghong Bridge Temple, foreign ministers of various ministries, lecturers of the Hanlin Academy, waiters of the Hanlin Academy, and horses washed by Master Zhan. Each state knows the state, and all of them are transferred to the Salt Transportation Department and the Tuzhizhou Deputy. Entrusted by the Guard Corps and the Xiao Qi Corps, we sent five flags to paint the Corps. Deputy Qianhu, Fu Xuan's deputy envoy, recruiting ambassador, Anfu ambassador, chief ambassador of long case, defender of He Ying coordinator, and defender of Ganzong. Liu Zhengpin Tai Hospital judges Zuo Yuan, You Yuan, The Cabinetshi Read, Zuo You Zhong Yun, President and Duchayuan. Jing fu tong sentence, tu tong sentence, Jing county order, tong sentence. Lanling guards, commanders, pro-military schools, nursing military schools, forward military schools, shotgun step military schools, Xiaoqi military schools and Weibu military schools. Qian Zong, Shu, An Fu Tong Zhi, Deputy Ambassador, Deputy Chief Officer of Long Case, Baihu Zong, Zong, Menqian Zong, Zong. Praise goodness from about six products, compiled by Hanlin Academy. Tu Zhoutong, Zhou Tong, Yun Jian, thomas lee. Lan Lingchang, chief of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is a six-product ritual vessel. Deputy commander-in-chief of Shengjing nomadic. Seven cabinet classics, main book, comments, general political envoy, governor of Taichang Temple, doctor of Taichang Temple, and physician. Magistrate, Xian Cheng of Jingxian County, Professor Manchu of Shuntianfu, discipline, local magistrate, and county inspector. Gate clerk of Taibu Temple Horse Factory Association. General manager, general manager of the earth, deputy ambassador of the company. From seven categories: Five Senses Lingtaro, Guanglu Temple Canon, General Affairs Department, imperial academy Review, and Dr. imperial academy. Tuzhou judges cases, and states judge cases. Seven items of etiquette. Manager Qian Wei and Ambassador Anfu are in charge of this matter. Zhengba Pinsi, Treasurer, Xielv Lang, imperial academy Zheng Xue, Tai Hospital Officer. Tu Xiancheng, Xian Cheng, Ambassador Ku, President of the Provincial Court, Zheng Xue, Ambassador of the Salt Department, Ambassador of the Salt Inspection Institute, and teaching instructions. General manager of outsourcing. From the perspective of eight flavors and five senses, the pot is the right book. Discipline, Director of Salt Transportation Department. Entrust pro-military academy, military academy, pioneer school, shotgun military academy and Xiao Qi school. Lanling, the head of each battalion of Zhengjiupin Main Book, Tuzhu Book, Tuguan Governor, Zhuangtou Governor and Fuya Governor. General manager of outsourcing. From Jiupin Kongmu Wailang, the jailer, the healer, the doctor Dai Zhao and Qin. Cang Dali, Li Mu, Inspection, Dawu Ambassador and Fu Shui Shi Ambassador. Co-leader of the Committee and the Ministry of Tapesma Factory. Additional staff and outsourcing. The military forces, military forces, officials, government envoys, doctors and ministers who have not flowed into the five cities have all been calibrated. Zheng Shu, Xun Shu, Xun Ke, Dian Shu, Dian Ke, Guan Tingku, Cha Yinpi Laboratory, Hebo Institute, Daohui, Daozheng, Deputy Ambassador of Chongwenmen Customs Office, and Ambassador of Prefecture and County Taxation Office. Soldiers, officers and officials from five cities.

[Edit this paragraph] Detailed classification

cabinet

In the Ming Dynasty, in order to further centralize power, there were no institutions such as the Prime Minister and the Ministry of Housing, and the rights of the Prime Minister were transferred to the Cabinet, which handled state affairs. The Qing dynasty inherited this practice. The records of the university students and co-organizers in the cabinet are both called nave, which is another name for the prime minister, but the real power is in the hands of the military department. Officials working in military departments are called military ministers, collectively referred to as military aircraft, and the subordinates of military ministers are called military aircraft Zhang Jing, also known as small military aircraft.

Central administrative agency

Following the tradition of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty set up six departments (officials, households, ceremonies, soldiers, criminals and workers), and the heads of each department (university students, ministers, assistant ministers, etc.). ) is called the office officer, while the doctor, the foreign minister, the headmaster and the seven small Beijing officials in charge of the ministries under the department are called the office officers. In addition to the six departments, the central administrative institutions established side by side with the six departments are: Dali Temple, Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple, Taibu Temple, Split Temple, imperial academy, Qin, Hanlin Academy, Tai Hospital, Lifan Academy, Zongren House, Zhanshi House and Interior House.

Military system

The Qing army is mainly divided into two systems: the Eight Banners and green camp. The Eight Banners are divided into Beijing Camp and Garrison Camp. In Beijing Daying, the emperor's bodyguard is called the pro-army, and it is particularly important that the bodyguard department (the bodyguard department) leads the division of labor between the ministers and the commanders, who all command to clear the door and accompany the emperor. Others guarding the capital are Xiao Qi Battalion, Pioneer Battalion, Escort Battalion, Infantry Battalion, Jianrui Battalion, Fireware Battalion, Jishen Battalion, Tiger Gun Battalion and Shanjiu Battalion. Xiaoqiying is directly under the jurisdiction of the Eight Banners; Pioneer battalion, guard battalion and infantry battalion are all under the jurisdiction; Jianrui Battalion, Firearms Battalion and Jishen Battalion are all special forces under the jurisdiction of the President or the Minister of Management. Tiger gun camp is a full-time retinue, hunting and so on. Under the jurisdiction of the president; A good wrestling camp specializes in wrestling. The Eight Banners stationed in the garrison are stationed in various important places in the country, and there are officials such as generals, governors, deputy governors, city guards and defense governors as appropriate. Mainland generals and others only care about the military, and generals stationed in the frontier also care about civil affairs. The general of the Qing dynasty was the title of full official, and the prince was appointed as the general in wartime. Green camp, a soldier of the Han nationality, is stationed in the capital, called Patrol Camp, and belongs to the infantry. The organizational system of green camp is divided into several levels: bidding, cooperation, operation and flood season. The bid is divided into bid, bid, bid, town bid, military bid, river bid and tank bid, and is commanded by the governor, the governor, the prefect, the company commander, the Eight Banners garrison general, the river governor and the governor of grain transportation. Supervisor: Fu Biao, Military Standard, Hebi Standard, Cao Biao. Green camp's independent organizations in the provinces are actually bidding wars and town bidding wars, and the prefect is actually the highest military attache in a province, with a slightly lower company commander. Below the company commander, the lieutenant belongs to the association, the generals, guerrillas, commanders and garrison belong to the battalion, and the company commander, commander and contractor belong to the flood season.

Constitutional organization

Following the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty established the Supervision Institute, with Shi Yu and Shi Yu as the chief directors, Shi Yu and Shi Yu as the governors.

local administration

The Qing dynasty followed the Ming system and was roughly divided into three levels: province, state and county. The governor and the governor are local senior officials who have the power of administration, military affairs and supervision, and the two envoys are subordinate officials of the governor and the governor. With the governor and the governor, there will be garrison generals and magistrates who study politics, but the garrison generals only care about the Eight Banners. The prefect only cares about the school and the imperial examination, and his power cannot be compared with that of the prefect and the magistrate. There are highways below the provincial level, which belong to the nature of supervision areas and are not considered as formal administrative areas. There are mainly two kinds of roads, guard road and patrol road, which are also prepared by soldiers, and some roads that do not belong to the second division of deployment and inspection, such as Customs Road, River Management Road, Grain Supervision Road and Salt Law Road. Below the provincial level is the government, with officials such as magistrates, colleagues and judges. Parallel to the yamen is the Zhili Hall, where there are tongzhi and judges. Under the government, there are counties, magistrates, county officials, chief bookkeepers and other officials. Parallel to the county seat, there are scattered halls, the same as Zhili Hall. In ethnic minority areas, there are specialized institutions, namely Tusi, which are generally divided into two types: one is subordinate to military departments, such as propaganda and comfort stations, appeasement stations, and conscription litigation stations. And the chief is the ambassador of propaganda and comfort. ; The other is under the jurisdiction of the administrative department, and there are also districts and counties. Officially called local prefectures and counties, they are usually led by ethnic minority leaders.