Who can help me analyze the reasons for the rise and fall of Mongolian regime in Yuan Dynasty from the aspects of geography, climate, geomantic omen and astronomical phenomena?

In the first year of Hongwu (1368), the Central Plains Rebels rose everywhere and successively won battles with the Yuan Army. However, the generals from all over the Yuan Dynasty were self-respecting and constantly fighting among themselves, and the Yuan court was isolated and helpless. The balance of history began to tilt towards Zhu Yuanzhang, the most powerful rebel.

Nevertheless, the Yuan Army still has considerable influence, but it is scattered all over the country, fragmented and unable to echo each other. Under such circumstances, Xu Da, a general under Zhu Yuanzhang, proposed Linqing (now Shandong) to attack Dadu. Zhu Yuanzhang agreed, and personally drew the March Array for Xu Da.

On the first day of leap July, Xu Da led an army of 200,000, crossing the Yellow River from Zhongluan (now southwest of Fengqiu, Henan), along Yu He (now Weihe River), passing through Linqing (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province) and Tongzhou (now Tongxian County, Beijing) and advancing northward. All the way, unstoppable, as dadoucheng.

Yuan Shundi saw that the tide was gone, so he called Mimiya concubines and Prince Ai You to see Li Dala in the Qingning Temple, ready to flee to their hometown in Mongolia. Eunuch Bo Yan said, "Your Majesty should stick to Kyoto, and I wish the people of dispatch troops to leave the city and refuse to fight." Yuan Shundi wouldn't listen. Bo Yan didn't spend much time crying: "The world belongs to our ancestors. Your majesty should stick to it, why not be lenient? " Yuan Shundi was very unhappy and left.

On July 28th, in the middle of the night, Yuan Shundi took the prince and queen out of Jiande Gate and fled from Juyongguan to Kaiping (now northwest of Duolun, Inner Mongolia). As a result, it created a miracle that foreign regimes escaped unscathed in the history of China.

On the second day of August, Xu Da led an army to Dadu and Qihuamen, and ordered soldiers to fill trenches and enter the city. Xu Da personally boarded the Qihua Gate, killed Timur Buhua, the right prime minister Zhang and other imperial families of the Yuan Dynasty, captured six princes of the Yuan Dynasty, and fundamentally ended the rule of the Yuan Dynasty in the Central Plains.

In those days, Kublai Khan sent Bo Yan with 200,000 troops to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty. Only a hundred years later, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Xu Da to drive Mongolia back to the desert and led an army of 200,000. I wonder if it is a historical coincidence.

As we all know, Mongolian Wushu once shocked the world and changed the pattern of the whole Asia and even most parts of Europe. However, the Yuan Dynasty ruled the Central Plains for only one hundred years, which is a rare miracle in the history of China. There were eleven emperors in the Yuan Dynasty. The first emperor was Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu, who reigned for 34 years. After Kublai Khan, the Nine Emperors only experienced 38 years. During this period, political intrigue and court struggles emerged one after another. The last Yuan Shundi was in power for 35 years.

Yuan Shundi duly regarded Moore as the eldest son of Yuan Mingzong. In Yuan Wenzong, he became a victim of court politics. As the eldest son of the first emperor, he was exiled to Korea (now northern Korea) and Jingjiang (now Guilin, Guangxi). In June of the fourth year of Shunzhi (1333), Tuohuan timur was lucky and was welcomed back as Yuan Shundi by the powerful minister at the age of thirteen. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, Yuan Shundi was under the control of the family power of Emperor Wenzong Buda (the empress of the Yuan Dynasty had household registration money and special subordinate officials to represent the interests of her family background), and "lived in the palace and did everything exclusively". With nothing to do, Yuan Shundi read a lot of Han books, which made him the only emperor in the Yuan Dynasty who knew something about China culture. He has considerable scientific and technological talent. He once made an automatic timer for golden couple and made a dragon boat with its head, eyes, claws and tail turning by itself. Later, Yuan Shundi was taken hostage by the powerful minister Bo Yan and made him emperor (many Mongolians used this name, not to destroy Bo Yan in the Song Dynasty). Even when Yuan Shundi was fifteen years old, Bo Yan took his queen (another daughter of Yan Timur, a powerful minister, who was liquidated by Bo Yan) out to be put to death.

At this time, although Yuan Shundi is young, he is quite calculating. On the surface, he is quietly waiting for the opportunity and gaining momentum. Seven years later, 20-year-old Yuan Shundi used Bo Yan's nephew Tuotuo to launch a coup, exiled Bo Yan and samurai, and became a veritable emperor. After Yuan Shundi came to power, he took detachment as the stage and tried to innovate state affairs. Resume the imperial examination, personally try the Jinshi, recruit the three histories of Liao, Jin and Song, award the "Supreme Revision", and print it on orthogonal notes to govern the Yellow River. The Yuan Dynasty, founded by Mongols, has always ruled the Han people with high-handed and discriminatory policies and despised Confucian scholars. From the imperial court to the local government, officials at all levels are mostly ignorant, rude and greedy. Therefore, the Central Plains rule faced by the Yuan Dynasty was always a helpless and unstable situation, which gradually deteriorated and the people rebelled. In the 11th year of Zheng Zheng (135 1), the Red Scarf Army revolted. At this time, Yuan Shundi was internally controlled by the Crown Prince and Queen, and the external local generals and mercenaries were powerless, and the situation eventually fell apart.

After Yuan Shundi fled to his hometown in the Mongolian Plateau, the remaining Yuan troops in all parts of the Central Plains fell into a leaderless situation, and the whole battlefield in the Central Plains underwent fundamental changes. Soon, Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne in Yingtian (Nanjing), with the titles of Ming Taizu and Daming.

In the era when Genghis Khan, a Mongolian hero, dominated the country, Mongolia once expanded wildly, so it had an extremely huge empire. It is said that at that time, it took a whole year to run the land belonging to Mongolia from east to west non-stop. In such a vast territory of Mongolia, the Central Plains is only a tiny piece. At this time, although Yuan Shundi was driven out of the Central Plains, he was still a great Khan of the Mongolian Empire and enjoyed suzerainty over various khanates and tribes in Mongolia. So the Yuan Dynasty perished, but the power and foundation of the Mongolian Empire still existed. Historically, this regime was called the Northern Yuan Dynasty, which always posed a strong challenge and threat to the northern frontier of the Ming Dynasty. "Military History of the Ming Dynasty" said: "At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the border defense was very heavy." This border defense is mainly to defend against the forces of the Mongolian North Yuan. The Northern Yuan regime lasted for 260-70 years, similar to that of the Ming Dynasty, and was finally unified in the Qing Dynasty.

Yuan Shundi went north to Yingchang (now southwest of Darinol, Keshikesheng Banner, Inner Mongolia) and was in a very bad mood. He is the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty who has the deepest contact with the culture of the Central Plains, and it is inevitable that he will not have the sadness of "going to his hometown". Although he was bent on returning to the central plains, the front of the Ming army was the key at this time, and he could not get it. Two years after returning to the northern grassland, in April of the third year of Hongwu (1370), Yuan Shundi Tuohuan timur died of dysentery in Yingchang. The name of this temple is Hui Zong. Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, believed that Moore was determined to escape from Mobei, not attack the city, on the eve of the country's demise, in order to "obey the destiny", so he specially added the symbol Shun Di, which was once called Yuan Shundi in history.

A month after Yuan Shundi's death, the Ming army troops arrived and surrounded Yingchang City, which was declining day by day. Yuan Shundi's queen, grandson, king and officials were all captured by the Ming army. Only Prince Yuan Shundi loved Li Dala and rode away for more than ten times.

After Beiyuan withdrew from the Central Plains, Mongolian nobles recalled the prosperity of the Central Plains, and still wanted to re-enter the Central Plains and constantly organized forces to counterattack. In order to consolidate his rule, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, adopted the strategy of conquering Mongolia. As a result, both sides failed to get what they wanted, thus forming the opposition between the Ming Dynasty and the North and the South.

At the beginning of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian nobles relied on three main forces: Wang Kuokuotor (formerly Han, later adopted by his mother-in-law Chahan Temur, giving him a Mongolian name, which means flattering him as a Mongolian) led more than 100,000 troops and occupied Shaanxi and Gansu. Naba, the prime minister of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, took more than 20 people to defend Liaodong. Yunnan, under the jurisdiction of Liang Wang of Yuan Dynasty, had hundreds of thousands of troops to coordinate the military actions of the Northern Yuan Emperor. In addition, Beiyuan maintained political and economic ties with Korea in the east and the Uighur region in the west.

In April of the third year of Hongwu (1370), Kukuo Tuer, who was stationed in Sheneryukou (now north of Dingxi County, Gansu Province), confronted the Ming army led by Ming generals Xu Da and Chang Yuchun, and the two sides won or lost. Someone is secretly surrendering to Xu to expand Timur's staff and inquire about the inside story. That night, Xu Da sent Qing Qi to sneak attack. Kuokuokuokuokuo Timur was reading a book in his account when he suddenly shouted "Kill Heaven" outside. Knowing that everything had changed inside and outside, he hurried to push the box, and even his boots were not neat. He ran out of the tent barefoot and rode off at a gallop. In a hurry, only eighteen riders followed. After crossing the Yellow River in the north, Timur fled back to Hala and the forest in Mobei. The Shaanxi-Gansu area originally controlled by Timur was occupied by the Ming army.

Kuo Kuo Timur's family was captured by the Ming army in this war, as were his wife and sister, including his infant son. In order to win over the forces of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, gave preferential treatment to these prisoners, and also married Kuokuotimuer's sister to his second son, Zhu Shang, the king of Qin, and became the princess of the king of Qin.

Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, also valued Kuokuotimuer, who was the best general in the Northern Yuan Dynasty. He was sent to Hara and Lin as lobbyists to persuade the rich Timur to surrender.

Li Siqi was originally the commander-in-chief of Guan Zhongjun in the Yuan Dynasty, and he was also called a two-member general with Kukuo Timur, which was relied on by the Yuan Dynasty. Later Fengxiang was defeated, trapped by Xu Da, and had to surrender to the Ming Dynasty. However, Li Siqi and Kukuo Timur have always had bad blood, and they had enemies when they were officials in the Yuan Dynasty. Li Siqi and Kuankuo Timur's adoptive father Chahan Timur are fellow villagers, and they have a good relationship. Later, the Central Plains rallied against the Yuan Dynasty. Yuan Shundi sent troops south to put down the rebellion, expanded Timur, was named King of Henan, and mobilized Li Siqi's military forces in a battle. When Li Siqi saw that kuokuotimuer's tone in his movement was very rude, he was very angry and refused to listen to the dispatcher. Timur was also furious at his generosity. The two sides transferred their troops and fought separately. Yuan Shundi's mediation has no effect. The two sides fought for a whole year, with hundreds of battles, big and small, regardless of the outcome. Yuan Shundi took advantage of the mutiny of Kukuo Timur's men to relieve Kukuo Timur of his command. Nevertheless, Yuan Shundi had doubts about the expansion of Timur, and sent the Crown Prince to control all the military forces in the world, and used Li Siqi to guard against the expansion of Timur. Later, Kuo Kuo Timur was besieged by Xu Mingda in Ningxia. He asked Li Siqi, who was stationed in Shaanxi at that time, for help, but Li Siqi refused to send troops. As a result, Timur's family were all captured by the Ming army in World War I.

Li Siqi knew that Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor, sent him to Lin Yu to surrender at this time, implying that he wanted to be impeded, but he did not dare to disobey orders. He crustily skin of head went to Mobei. When they met, Kukutumur did not show the appearance of settling old scores, and treated Li Siqi with courtesy. Only when Li Siqi talked about surrender did Kuokuotimuer answer. Li Siqi knew that the trip was doomed to be futile, so he said goodbye soon. Kukuo Timur specially sent a knight to send Li Siqi to Xia Sai. Just as he was about to say goodbye, the knight suddenly said, "The commander has a life. Please leave one thing to another." Li Siqi said, "I have come a long way and have nothing to send. What should I do? " The knight said, "Baby, my coach has no love, as long as you have one arm." Li Siqi didn't know, Kuokuotumier never forgot his old enmity, and took his arm in revenge for his refusal to help, but inevitably, he had to cut off his left arm with a sword. Shortly after his return, Li Siqi died of his injuries.

Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, once said, "There are only three outstanding things in the world today. One of the jade seals has not been passed, one has not been captured, and Prince Yuan has no news. "

Prince Ai fled to Hara and Lin to meet Kuokuotimuer. Aiqing knew that he would be in the position of Harrah and Lin, that is, the emperor, and was called Bilik Tuhan, with the name Xuanguang. He made great efforts to prepare his horse, hoping to regain the throne of China one day. However, Mongolia's military strength has declined, and it is no longer an invincible iron rider. The Northern Yuan lost ground in the contest with the Ming Dynasty, and the main force of the Northern Yuan gradually moved northward to Hala and Lin.

In the fifth year of Hongwu (1372), the Ming Dynasty planned to completely defeat the Northern Yuan forces to eliminate future troubles. Da led150,000 troops to attack Beiyuan in three directions, pointing directly at Hara and Lin, the political center of Beiyuan.

As the base camp of Mongolian gold family, Hara and Lin are symbols of power and glory in the hearts of Mongolians. Once it is breached by the Ming army, it will represent the official demise of the Mongolian empire. Therefore, Beiyuan stubbornly resisted and fought fiercely.

The golden family refers to the Mongols with pure blood. According to records, there is a female ancestor Alain Hoa among the Mongols, who has two sons with her husband. Strangely, after her husband died, she gave birth to three more sons. Her two eldest sons and other relatives have doubts about this matter. Alanhua explained: The later three sons were descendants of her and a man of God, the son of heaven. Since then, the descendants of these three sons have been called purebred Mongols. All the khans in Mongolia came from the three sub-families born to Alan Hoa later, so they were called "golden families". Genghis Khan and his descendants belong to one of them. According to the traditional concept of Mongols, only those who come from the golden family have the right to inherit the position of Khan. People who are not from a golden family should never get the right to sweat. Later, the son of Waci, who was not from the Golden Family, was the first one (also written as Xian Ye in history books) and once ruled Mongolia by force. And first call yourself "Dayuan Tiansheng Khan". The bold act of calling Khan first reflects the degree of turmoil and chaos in Mongolian society later.

It was indeed less than a hundred years from the establishment to the demise of the Yuan Dynasty.

This is similar to the existence time of many foreigners in the Central Plains before the Yuan Dynasty.

For example, Xianbei people, Huns, pre-Qin people, Liang people, Murong people and so on. From the Five Dynasties Rebellion to the Qing Dynasty, there was no alien regime in the Central Plains 100 years, and the Yuan Dynasty was quite long-98 years.

Therefore, Confucian scholars in the Central Plains summed up the theory that alien rule lasted only a hundred years.

However, I think this is because the living habits and cultural traditions of ethnic minorities are too different from those of the Central Plains.

After the ethnic minorities ruled the Central Plains, the population was still a minority, but the rulers of ethnic minorities could not adapt to the lifestyle of most people and always wanted to change something, which led to chaos ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

For example, after Kublai Khan ruled the Central Plains in the Yuan Dynasty, he saw that the grass in the Central Plains was rich (actually crops) and the generals and horses stayed in the wild (let the horses eat wheat seedlings and rice seedlings). And according to the original customs of Mongolian grassland, let every Han Chinese support a Mongolian soldier.

Mongolians are very hospitable, and everyone has something to eat together. It's nothing; But you let those Mongolian soldiers who don't bathe all the year round eat and sleep with Han Chinese, which is suspected of surveillance. Who can stand the smell? !

Also, Mongols are talented scholars-Tuotuo wrote The History of Song Dynasty, but the main chapters were written by Han people. This is another story.

Most Mongolians can't read, so the dramas and zaju of the Yuan Dynasty got unprecedented development, in a word-no culture! ! !

Mongols also forced those sour scholars in Jiangnan to hold wrestling competitions every year. Wrestling is a good sport, it's no big deal, but you have to choose the right person. Forcing the scholar to wrestle, I really don't know who came up with it Whenever I see this place, I always feel funny ~ ~ ~ ~

How can such a rule be invincible? !

The well-known Mid-Autumn Festival is actually a day when the Han people agreed to kill Tatars. Wrap the note in a cake and send a message. Mongolians don't eat pasta, but meat.

In addition, the Mongols, after seeing the abundant products and pasture in the Central Plains, also have some psychology to guard against danger.

The strength of Mongolian cavalry is strong, but it is weakened a lot in the mountainous, multi-city and multi-water environment of the Central Plains.

This was something that a group of peasants at the end of the Yuan Dynasty could do with inferior weapons, which the regular army (and well-equipped) in the Song Dynasty could not do.

After the Mongols were driven out of the Central Plains by the Ming army, their regime lasted for a long time. In fact, Mongols have never been wiped out by the Han people.