Which three of the four books and five classics are quotations?

A collection of essays by China in the Spring and Autumn Period mainly recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. Reflects the thoughts of Confucius. It was compiled by Confucius disciples and re-disciples. There are 20 books and 492 chapters in the book, which is the first "documentary". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu, Mencius, the University and the Doctrine of the Mean were called "Four Books".

The editors are mainly Zhong Gong, Zi You, and a few disciples who stayed in Shandong, and they are relayed and polished by the full text. Therefore, Confucianism in the Han Dynasty said: The Analects of Confucius was written in the summer.

Mencius

One of the "Four Books". In the mid-Warring States period, Mencius and his disciples Zhang Wan, Gong Sunchou and others. Mencius, Mencius' disciples and disciples' records. The earliest inscription in Zhao Qi's "Mencius" reads: "This book was also written by Mencius, so it is called Mencius". There are eleven pieces of Mencius recorded in History of Han, and there are seven pieces and fourteen volumes. The total number of words is more than 35,000 words and 286 chapters. According to legend, there are four other books of Mencius, which have been lost (this book of Mencius is a fake of Yao Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty). This book records the politics, education, philosophy, ethical thoughts and political activities of Mencius and his disciples.

"University"

"Old Theory" was originally one of "Little Dai Li Ji", and it was written. Many contemporary scholars believe that it is actually a Confucian work in Qin and Han dynasties and an important work to explore the educational theory of ancient Han nationality.

Before the Song Dynasty, the status of universities was not very prominent. After Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi tried their best to respect the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu wrote The Great Learning in the Southern Song Dynasty. Daxue became an important chapter in Confucian classics, and was finally called the "Four Books" together with The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, "University" became the official textbook of the school and the required reading of the imperial examination, which had a great influence on ancient education.

There are two main versions of Da Xue: one is Da Sentence, which is compiled by Zhu and divided into classics and biographies, and is one of the "Four Books"; First, the ancient books arranged in the original order, that is, the original "university" in the Book of Rites.

doctrine of the mean

It was originally an article in the Book of Rites. The Book of Rites is an important book of ancient Han laws and regulations. Reflections on the warring states period. The whole article takes the "golden mean" as the highest moral standard and natural law. In Song Dynasty, it was listed as the "Four Books" along with Daxue, Analects of Confucius and Mencius.

The Book of Songs

It is a collection of poems produced at the end of slave society in China more than 2,500 years ago. It is the beginning of China's ancient poetry and the earliest collection of poems. There are 305 ancient poems from 1 1 century BC to the 6th century BC, and there are 6 poems of Sheng, which reflect the social outlook of about 500 years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period.

The author of The Book of Songs was anonymous, and it was written in the Spring and Autumn Period. It was collected by Yin Jifu and edited by Confucius. At first, it was just called "Poetry" or "Poetry 300". By the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic before it was called The Book of Songs.

There are three kinds of editors in The Book of Songs: style, elegance and ode. "Wind" is a ballad of Zhou Dynasty. Elegant music is the official music of Zhou people, which is divided into harmony and elegance. Ode is a musical song used for sacrificial rites in Zhou and noble ancestral temples, which is divided into ode to, and ode to Shang.

The Book of Songs is rich in content, reflecting labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and feasting, and even astronomical phenomena, landforms, animals and plants. It is a mirror of the social life of the Zhou Dynasty.

minister

One of the Confucian classics, also known as books or book classics. Shang means Shang. Shangshu is an ancient book, a compilation of China's ancient historical documents and some works tracing back ancient deeds.

It is the first collection of classical prose and the earliest historical document of the Han nationality in China, mainly memorizing words.

Since the early Han Dynasty, there are two different versions, modern and ancient. According to Hanshu, there are 65,438+000 articles in Historical Records, which are arranged and prefaced by Confucius. (The Qin Dynasty burned books but did not burn seal script) 16 more than the current Shangshu, which was later lost.

The Book of Rites

Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty compiled 49 books on etiquette of the Han nationality before Qin and Han Dynasties. One of the thirteen classics. It is the social change after the Warring States and the Western Han Dynasty, including the inheritance and change of social system, etiquette system and people's concept. Forty-nine articles are divided into system, general theory, yin and yang of scenic spots, mourning, the method of prince, sacrifice, music notes, auspicious events and so on. Its ideas include social, political, ethical, philosophical and religious aspects, among which the ideas of "University", "Doctrine of the Mean" and "Li Yun" are rich in the philosophical thoughts of the Han Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan, a famous scholar, made an excellent annotation for The Book of Rites Little Dai. Later, this book became popular and gradually became a classic by explaining the scriptures. "In the Tang Dynasty, there were The Book of Rites, The Book of Rites and The Book of Rites. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were Zuo Zhuan, Ram and Hub Liang, plus The Analects of Confucius, Er Ya and Xiao Jing, which were the Twelve Classics. In the Song and Ming Dynasties, Mencius was added, so it was finalized as Thirteen Classics, which is a must-read book for scholars.

Zhouyi

The Book of Changes is an important traditional book, which is said to have been written by Zhou people, including the Book of Changes and Biography. Classics are mainly composed of 64 hexagrams and 384 hexagrams, each of which has its own interpretation (hexagrams) for divination. It contains seven languages * * * and ten quatrains explaining hexagrams, which are collectively called Ten Wings. It is said that it was written by Confucius. However, it is generally considered to be a Confucian work in the Warring States or Qin and Han Dynasties, and it was not written by one person.

Zhouyi is the theoretical source of natural philosophy and humanistic practice in China's traditional ideology and culture, the crystallization of China's ancient thoughts and wisdom, and is known as the "source of Tao", the outstanding representative of China's traditional culture and the source of Chinese civilization. Its content is extremely rich, which has had a far-reaching impact on China's politics, economy, culture and other fields for thousands of years.

The Book of Changes, as the pioneering work of The Book of Changes, Poetry, Book, Ceremony and Music, is a teaching book and enjoys a lofty position in the cultural history of our country.