Ancient ministerial rank

The official system of Shang Dynasty lacked historical materials. The official system of Shang and Zhou dynasties was relatively simple, and it began to be perfected in Qin and Han dynasties, and it was the most complicated in Song dynasty, and it tended to be simplified after Yuan dynasty.

First, the official system of Shang Dynasty:

The state institutions in Shang Dynasty were relatively simple, and basically consisted of "internal affairs office" (the area directly ruled by the dynasty) and "foreign affairs office" (the place outside the internal affairs office).

The internal officials are:

Yin-roughly equivalent to the prime minister of later generations, such as Yi Yin in Shang Tang;

Divination, witchcraft and history-clergy, their status and role are very important;

Priests and ministers-all court officials, managing court affairs.

Foreign service officials are mainly governors and have their own ruling institutions, but they are relatively simple and can subcontract their land to their own scholars and heroes. However, the governors of Shang Dynasty did not form a hierarchy.

Second, the Western Zhou Dynasty official system:

Teachers, safety management work court affairs. For example, Jiang Ziya used to be the teacher of King Wu, known as "the teacher is still the father";

Taizai-managing state affairs, equivalent to the head of internal affairs, because he is very close to the son of heaven and his power is expanding;

Ren Ren-an official in charge of government affairs;

Husband-to-be-an official in charge of justice;

Animal husbandry-managing civil affairs;

Three doctors-Si Tuleideng, Sima and Sikong-manage agricultural production, military and construction respectively;

Scott-the official in charge of criminal law;

Taishi-an official responsible for taking notes and writing history;

Mao, Bu, Zai, etc. -All clergy;

Division shooting-an official in charge of animal husbandry affairs;

Si Tian-an official in charge of agricultural affairs;

Samurai-responsible for defending the safety of the emperor, equivalent to the praetorian guard;

Fun horses-officials in charge of horses;

Chef-the official in charge of managing the palace diet;

Third, the Spring and Autumn Official System:

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the hierarchy of the official system began to be obvious and hereditary. The officials of the vassal States were divided into three classes: Qing, doctor and scholar, and each class was divided into upper, middle and lower classes, becoming third and ninth classes. In the Qing dynasty, doctors and scholars had to go through the appointment process of the monarch to count. Most of the people who were sealed were awarded different official positions according to their titles, and all the important official positions in various countries were held by Qing Jue. Because the title can be hereditary, so is the official position. It was at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period that the official system began to shake.

The official names of the Central Plains countries mostly follow the names of the Western Zhou Dynasty:

Si Tuleideng-the official of governing the people;

Sima-the officer in charge of the army;

Sikong-an official in charge of land and buildings;

Scott-the official in charge of criminal law. For example, Confucius used to be a shepherd of Lu.

Above the local officials, there is usually a person who always leads state affairs. Countries have different names, such as Taizai, Shang Qing and Xiang.

The classics of Taishi Gongzhang;

Zong Bo, Zong Ren-Zhang Sacrifice;

Wishes, witches and fortune tellers-all the clergy in charge of divination;

Music officer-handheld music;

Temple people-serving the monarch, equivalent to the eunuch manager of later generations, but not necessarily using eunuchs.

Four, the Warring States official system:

Xiang-or the prime minister, the prime minister, is the chief executive who assists the monarch. Except Chu, there are six overseas countries, and Chu is called "Lingyin" rather than "Xiang";

A general, also known as a general, is generally the highest military officer of a country, ranking second only to Xiang;

The admonition officer-different from later generations, in the Spring and Autumn Period, the position of the admonition officer was beside the monarch, recording the monarch's behavior and activities, and it was an important official position of secretary nature;

Civil history-in charge of finance;

Shaofu-the official in charge of the royal garden;

Teachers and Fu-also known as teachers-are mostly officials of the country's superior monarch or prince;

Chieftain-also known as satrap, is the head of a county and is directly appointed and removed by the monarch;

Ling-generally the length of a county, Qi is sometimes called "doctor" and Qin is sometimes called "miser", similar to the magistrate of a county in later generations;

Your history-your magistrate, when the vacancy occurs, your history can act as an agent;

Cheng-the position is second only to the order, and he is in charge of the economy and taxation of a county;

Commandant-also called county commandant, is responsible for the military affairs of a county;

County Sima-a horse in charge of a county;

Sheriff Sikong-responsible for engineering affairs in the county;

Shaonei-in charge of a county's money;

Sasuke-the official is a junior official;

Left-the unique official position of Chu State, who participated in the decision-making of the major policies of the imperial court, occupies a high position, second only to Lingyin. Qu Yuan once held this post;

Doctor is a unique official position in Chu State, responsible for the education of children of Zhao and Jingqu. Qu Yuan also held this post.

Five, the official system of the Qin dynasty:

Prime minister-the highest administrative official who assisted the emperor. Qin Shicheng sealed many Hou, such as Fan Sui as Ying Hou, Lv Buwei as Wen Xin Hou, Zhao Gao as An Wuhou and even eunuchs;

Guo Wei-also known as Zaifu, is in charge of the appointment of military attache;

The ancient adviser, the supervisory official, had the responsibility of deputy prime minister;

Cheng in the suggestion-is the deputy of the suggestion doctor;

Yushi-under the leadership of Yushi, responsible for national documents and notes, and has the responsibility of trial;

Jiuqing-Fengchang, Langzhongling, Weiwei, Taifu, Tingwei, Dianke, Zong Zheng, Su Zhi Civil History and Shaofu. Feng Chang is in charge of the sacrificial ceremony of the ancestral temple, and his subordinate officials are priests or professional officials such as Le Tai, Taishu, Taizai, Taifu, Taishi and Taifu. A doctor is in charge of the palace gate, and his officials are doctors, doctors and worshippers. Wei Wei is responsible for guarding the palace and the garrison. His officials include Ling Wei and the bus Sima Ling. I am in charge of the emperor's horse, garden and animal husbandry. I am an official. Ting Wei is in charge of the judiciary and is the highest judicial organ in the country. His subordinate officials are Ting Kevin·Z and Ting Wei Town. Dianke is responsible for the hajj affairs of the governor and tribal leaders, and the official and the official are one. Zong Zheng is in charge of the affairs of the monarch's relatives. In the history of millet control, officials have made orders for grain, silk, goods and taxes in the whole country. The tax collected by Zhang Shanhaichi in Shaofu was kept by the monarch, and his subordinate officials included Shangshuling, Cheng, Fuxi, Taiyi, Taiguan and Guanling. In addition to the above, Zhongzhu has other attendants, such as Lord, Sanqi, Zhong Changshi, Gui and Huangmen Assistant, as well as courtiers such as Taifu, Shaofu, Zhan Shi and Jiang Xing who serve the prince and queen.

Supervising the censor-also known as the county governor, is in charge of supervising the county governance, is subordinate to the censor Zhongcheng, and is an official in the central supervision area;

The sheriff, the chief executive of the county, has great power. Except for the county magistrate, who is appointed by the central government, all subordinate officials in a county are appointed by the county magistrate from among the people in the county. Subordinate officials have master books, long histories, etc.

Chengjun-assistant to the county magistrate.

Commandant-also known as captain, the superior head of the country manages the military affairs and anti-theft affairs of a county. The county commandant is not an official of the county chief, but appointed directly by the court;

Literature and history-where the capital is located, there is literature and history without a county guard;

Magistrates and governors-all county magistrates with more than 10,000 households and counties with less than 10,000 households are directly appointed by the court. Cheng, county commandant is located in the viceroy, viceroy, to assist the viceroy, viceroy to deal with county affairs. The subordinate officials of the county include Shi, Cang and Prison officials.

The military attaché s in the Qin Dynasty were mainly generals, and the generals were upper generals and lower generals. There are also generals around, around, around, all generals who pacify the border, all permanent generals, and their officials have a long history. In charge of military and political affairs, there is a captain who protects the army. The army has a captain, Sima, Baijiang, Tunchang and other middle and lower Wu Zhi.

Sixth, the official system of the Han Dynasty: I can already find a lot on the Internet, so I won't go into details.

Seven, the official system of the Sui Dynasty:

The official system in Sui Dynasty was characterized by ending the system of "three public officials and nine ministers" in the early feudal society, completing the evolution process of abolishing the three public officials and building three provinces by the central organs, which laid a solid foundation for the establishment of the system of "three provinces and six ministries" in later generations.

In the early years of Sui Dynasty, there were three divisions and three fairs, but they were gradually abolished. Instead, three provinces were established, namely Shangshu Province, Literature and History Province (later renamed Zhongshu Province) and Menxia Province. The governors of these three provinces are actually prime ministers.

During the Sui Dynasty, the six departments under the jurisdiction of Shangshu Province actually became the highest administrative organs of the central government.

Shangshu Zuo Servant Shooting-one of the chief officials in Shangshu Province, in charge of the three departments of officials, ceremonies and soldiers, and also in charge of correcting bombs;

Shangshu Right Servant Shooting-one of the main officials in Shangshu Province, he is in charge of all the officials (later renamed as the Ministry of Punishment), Du Zhi (later renamed as the Ministry of Civil Affairs) and Gongsan, and knows the financial expenditure.

Assistant ministers-each of the six departments has four departments, each with one or two assistant ministers as ministers, and the twenty-four departments have thirty-six assistant ministers. When Yang-ti was emperor, the assistant minister was promoted to the rank of deputy minister of each ministry.

Lang-the teacher of the twenty-fourth division of six departments. When Yang-ti proclaimed himself emperor, the assistant minister was promoted to the rank of deputy minister of each ministry, and twenty-four department officials of each ministry were renamed Lang.

Yuan Wailang-There is a Yuan Wailang in each of the six departments and twenty-four departments, who is the second-class official of the assistant minister.

Cheng Wulang-When Yang Di was elected, the foreign ministers of various ministries were renamed Cheng Wulang, who was the second official of various ministries.

The officials of the Sui Dynasty from high to low are:

Zhengyipin: Taishi, Taifu, Taibao, Taiwei, Situ and Sikong.

From Yipin: Shangzhu Township

Two positive products: Zhu Guo, Taizi Taishi, Taizi Taifu, Taizi Taibao, Tejin, Shangshuling, Dr. Zuo Guanglu and Dr. You Guanglu.

From the second level: Shang general, Zuo servant shot Shangshu, right servant shot Shangshu, Mu, doctor Guanglu.

Positive three products: general, official department minister, official department minister, official department minister, official department minister, official department minister, official department minister, official department minister, prince Shao Fu, prince Shao Bao, governor of literature and history, general, general right Wuwei, Hou, general right Wuwei.

From three categories: Yitong No.3 Division of Shangkaifu, Shishan Changshi, General Zuo Wei, General Youwei, General Zuowuwei, General Youwuwei, General Zuowuhou, General Youwuhou, General Zuolingzuofu, General Zuolingzuofu, General Zuojianmen, General Youjianmen, Wine Sacrifice, Imperial General, General Zhongzhou Secretariat, Prince Division and North Korea.

On the first four products: A title of generals in ancient times, Kaifu Yitong No.3 Division, Guanglu Shao Qing, Taichang Shao Qing, Wei Shaoqing, Prince Zuo Wei, Prince Youwei, Assistant Minister of Official Department, Prince Zuo Shu, Zong Zheng Shao Qing, Taifu Shao Qing, Dali Shaoqing, Hong Shaoqing, Si Nong Shaoqing, Taifu Shaoqing and Xia Zhou thorn.

There are four categories: assistant minister of literature and history, right illegitimate son of prince, and doctor of the three dynasties.

From four aspects: Shangyitong Sanshi, Shangcheng, Prince's deputy rate, Prince's right guard's deputy rate, Prince's left door supervision rate, Prince's right door supervision rate, Taishou, pro-long history, Prince's decree, Prince's deputy rate, and the captain of the city gate.

From four categories: Shangshu Youcheng, General Zhige, Sima Jin, and Doctor Jin Jian.

On five positive items: General Che Qi, General Yi Tong No.3 Division, General Nei Chang Shi, Secretary Cheng, Doctor, Deputy Director of Prince Zuojian and Deputy Director of Prince Youjian.

There are five categories: Shang Canon Language, Shang Pharmacopoeia Language and Shangzhou Sima.

From five aspects: Zhu Zuolang, Zhong Jun Taishou, Prince Xima, and Che Feng Dewey.

From the following five categories: water emissary, scholar, suggestion, Chang 'an order, internal minister, Xu, a captain, and prince friend.

On the first six products: General Yijun, Jue Assistant Minister, Si Xun Assistant Minister, Kao Gong Assistant Minister, Danielle Assistant Minister, Ancestral Assistant Minister, Guest Assistant Minister, Catering Assistant Minister, Ministry of War Assistant Minister, Vocational Assistant Minister, Driving Assistant Minister, Treasury Assistant Minister, Officials Assistant Minister, Criminal Assistant Minister, Bibi Assistant Minister, Simen Assistant Minister, Du Zhi Assistant Minister, Driving Assistant Minister.

There are six categories: General Zheng Dong, General Cheung Nam, General Zheng, General Zheng Bei, General Zhen Jun, General Fu Jun, Judge Dali, Judge Bei, Temple Supervisor and Sima.

From six aspects: General Pingdong, General Pingnan, General Pingxi, General Pingbei, General Former Army, General Rear Army, General Zuo Jun, General Right Army, General Affairs, Prince's Literature, History of the Left Alliance Leader's Office, History of the Right Alliance Leader's Office, Parent's Book, and County Orders.

From six categories: the champion general, the lieutenant, the Prince Scheeren, Tai Changcheng, Guang Lucheng, Wei Weicheng, the pro-keeper joining the army, the left leader Sima, and the right leader Sima.

Seven items: General Zhenyuan, General Anyuan, Physician, Chief History of the Government, Chief History of the Youwei Government, Chief History of the Government, Chief History of the Government, Chief History of the Government, Chief History of the Government, Chief History of the Government, Chief History of the Right Leading Government, Chief History of Prince Mi Cao (soldier Cao, cavalry Cao, etc.) joined the army.

There are seven categories: Zong, Tai Fu Cheng, Hong Yu Cheng, Si Nong Cheng, Si Lang, Zuo Lang, Prince, Shang Shi Zhi Chang, Shang Yao Zhi Chang, Prince Tong Sheren, Zuo Wei Fu Sima, You Wei Fu Sima, Wu You Fu Sima, Wu You Fu Sima and Zuo Wu Hou Fu Sima.

From seven perspectives: the history of Prince Zuo Wei leading the governor, the history of Prince Youwei leading the governor, worshiping the womb, making a toast, being a county magistrate in Zhongxian, being a county magistrate in Shang Jun and about to be a governor.

From seven categories: mighty generals, Dr. Taichang, Ph.D. teaching assistants, Chang 'an county officials, Shi, Taishiling, Shangzhou Cao (Gong Cao, Hu Cao, Bing Cao) joining the army, Prince Sima, and Prince Youwei Sima.

Shangba: Xie Lvlang, the general in the temple, ordered the lower county, ordered the middle county, and the prince went to join the army, and the prince in the inner square.

Eight categories: imperial court, imperial court orders, superior orders (bus, suburban community, ancestral temple, Taizu, Pingzhun, Le Tai, Dianke, Taicang, Diannong, Shi Jing, Taiguan), Zhongzhou and Cao Can military affairs.

From eight angles: four doctors, officials under the door, ministers, censors, Chinese department orders (imperial doctors hiding the right, taking advantage of the Yellow River, changing clothes, guarding the palace, going to the forest, cattle and sheep, guarding the Mu Zhi department) and county orders.

From the following eight categories: the signature of the prince, the order of the servant, and the order of the subordinate (Zhu Ling, Taifu, Master of ceremonies, Shanzhen, Liang Yun, Zhang Ling, Zhenguan, etc. ), Cao Can's military in Zhou Xia, the county magistrate of Shang County, and the county commandant of Shang County.

Grade 9: Assistant Minister of imperial academy, Prince of Beishen, Principal, Cheng of Zhongxian County, Wei.

There are nine categories: Prince Grain Official Order, Prince Storage Order, Taishi Cheng, Ye Tingju Cheng, Shang Bu Cheng and Xia County Commandant.

From nine categories: Taizu, Prince Anding Order, Prince School Book, Xia County Cheng, Central Department Cheng, Shang County Wei.

Choose from the following nine categories: General Film, General Bi, Four Teaching Assistants, Doctor of Mathematics, Feng, Interior Minister Cheng, Xiaguan Officer Cheng, Zhongxian County Commandant, Department Supervisor, Taishi and Musician.

Eight, the official system in the Tang Dynasty:

Sui and Tang Dynasties were the middle stage of the development of feudal society. With the development of social economy, great changes have taken place in the political system. The official system was basically stereotyped, and the six central government agencies were made into the basic form of feudal state power institutions and continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty, when the prime minister was changed from an individual to a collective. In addition, due to the short period of the Sui Dynasty, all the reforms in the ancient official system in the Sui Dynasty were finally completed by the Tang Dynasty.

In the organization of the central government and central institutions, the Tang Dynasty completed the three provinces and six departments system, which was gradually formed since the Wei and Jin Dynasties and founded by the Sui Dynasty, but there were significant changes. In the Tang Dynasty, officials from Zhongshu, Menxia and Shangshu provinces were among the prime ministers, and the six books of Shangshu were separated from the central organization and became the most important part of the central organization. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the central official system has become a simple organization in charge of specific affairs and lost the power to preside over government affairs. However, the separation of the six departments from Shangshu Province gradually led to the decline of Shangshu Province's position in the central institutions. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, its chief minister, Shangshu Fushe, was also excluded from the list of prime ministers, and the central institutions actually became the two provinces of Menxia and Zhongshu.

Another feature of the official system in the Tang Dynasty is the system of sending officials. Its content is to temporarily go to a post with an official. Our time, observation and the early appointment of three secretaries are just like this. But in the end, this temporary official position was gradually fixed and institutionalized, and became an official entity to usurp the power of the old official.

Generally speaking, the local official system in the Tang Dynasty was established at the state (government) and county level before the Anshi Rebellion. After the Anshi Rebellion, there were three levels of organizational system: Youdao, Zhou and County. The organizational system of the government is generally the capital or its location, or it has the status of the capital or temporary capital because of the emperor's residence, which is equivalent to the country, but the specifications are slightly higher. The chief executive of the government is called a shepherd, and the famous saying is that the prince is in name only, but it is Yin who actually presides over the government. The other kind of government is the governor-general government and the governor-general government, which are generally located in the border areas and have dangerous terrain. The nominal head of the governor's office is the governor. Generally, the prince only acts in name, but it is the long history who actually presides over government affairs. The state is divided into upper, middle and lower levels, and the chief executive is the secretariat. Counties are also graded, and the chief executive is a county magistrate.

The official positions in the Tang Dynasty from high to low are:

Zhengyipin: Taishi, Taifu, Taibao, Taiwei, Situ and Sikong.

From the first grade: Kaifu Yitong No.3 Division, Prince Taishi, Prince Taifu, Prince Taibao, and General Biao Qi.

Positive two products: Tejin, Guo Fu GM and Shangzhou.

From the second category: Shangshu Zuofu Society, Shangshu Youfu Society, Taizi Shao Shi, Taizi Shaofu, Taizi Shaobao, Jingzhao Mu Fu, Henan Mu Fu, Taiyuan Mu Fu, Dadu Lake, Guanglu Doctor, Zhenjun General and Zhu Guo.

Positive three products: Shi Zhong, Zhong Shuling, Liu Shangshu, assistant minister under the door, assistant minister in the book, general bodyguard (left and right guards, left and right guards, left and right guards, left and right guards, left and right guards, left and right guards, left and right guards, left and right guards, left and right guards, etc. ), prince guests, TaiChangQing, ZongZhengQing, prince James, etc.

From these three types of people: the imperial censor, the secretary supervisor, Guang Luqing, Wei, Taifuqing, Dali Qing, Hong Rongqing, Taifuqing, Sinong Qing, Jiuji, Shaofu Supervisor, Dian Supervisor, General Supervisor, various guards, Shangzhou Secretariat Supervisor, Jingzhao Prefect, Henan Prefect, Taiyuan Prefect and Taishou.

There are four categories: Shangshu Zuocheng, Shangshu Youcheng, Official Assistant Minister, Taichang Shao Qing, Prince Zuo Shu, Prince Shaozhan, Prince Zuo Wei rate, Prince Right Guard rate, Prince Left Inner Rate, Prince Left Inner Rate, Prince Left Inner Rate, Prince Left Inner Rate, Prince Right Closed Rate, Prince Right Closed Rate, Prince Right Closed Rate, Zhongzhou Secretariat, and Captain Fu Shang Zhechong.

There are four categories: Shang Shu You Cheng, Assistant Minister of the Fifth Division of the Ministry of Etiquette and Punishment, Prince You Shu Zi, Prince Zuo Yude, Prince You Yude, Guards from all walks of life, and Zhou Xia Secretariat.

From four aspects: Minister Shao Jian, Guang Lu, Wei Qing, Qing, Servant, Dali, Crack, Si Nong Shao Qing, Taifu Shao Qing, Prince's left guard deputy rate, Prince's right guard deputy rate, Prince's left guard deputy rate, Prince's right guard deputy rate, Prince's right guard deputy rate, Prince's near guard deputy rate.

From the following four categories: Guo Zi, Shaofu Shaojian, Jiangshaojiang, Zhaojing Shaofuyin, Henan Shaofuyin, Taiyuan Shaofuyin, Dadufu Sima, Dadufu Sima, Qinsima, Shangzhou Biejia and Zhongfu Zhechong.

On the five categories: doctor, Yu, doctor, Dr. Zhongshu Sheren, Prince Zhongyun, Du Shui emissary, Wannian county order, Chang 'an county order, Yuzhou county order, Luoyang county order, Taiyuan county order, Jinyang county order, Fengxian county order, pro-consulting military service and pro-Canon army.

Under the right five categories: the prince gave his life, served the royal family with food, served the royal family with medicine, drove in Zhongzhou, rushed to the lower house, and lost a captain.

From five categories: Zuo Si Langzhong, You Si Langzhong, Official Langzhong, Si Lang Feng Langzhong, Kao Gong Langzhong, Hu Bu Langzhong, Du Zhi Langzhong, Li Bu Langzhong, Zubu Langzhong, Subject-Guest Langzhong, Ministry of War Langzhong, Vocational Party Langzhong, Driver Langzhong, Treasurer Langzhong, Criminal Langzhong, Duguan Langzhong, Bibi Langzhong and so on.

It belongs to five categories: Dali Zheng, Tai Changcheng, Tai Shiling, Shangzhou Sima, Taiziyou, Guo Yi and.

On six categories: Doctor imperial academy, Prince Scheeren, Prince Changshi of Zhongzhou, Prince Dianshanlang, Prince Yaozanlang, Magistrate of Jingzhao Prefecture, Magistrate of Yuzhou Prefecture, Magistrate of Taiyuan Prefecture, Governor Guo Yi of Zhongfu Prefecture, Governor Qin Wei, Governor Yi Wei.

Under six categories: a thousand oxen prepare for famine, prepare for famine around them, prince literature, Zhou Xia's long history and Sima Zhongzhou.

From six aspects: Huolang, Huosheren, Yuanwailang, Wei Weicheng, Zong, Taifucheng, Hong Hongcheng, Si Nongcheng, Taifucheng, Teaching Assistant, Fu Baolang, General Manager, Secretary Lang, Zuolang, On-the-job Physician, and Zhu Wei's long history.

From six categories: Shi, Shaofu, Jiangzuo, imperial academy Cheng, Prince Naoko, Prince Gong Menlang, Xia Fu Guo Yi, and Qin's captain.

In the seventh grade: Dr. Simen, the history of the prince's governor, the history of the prince's governor, the county magistrate, the secretary of Dadu government, the secretary of Dadu government, the pro-Cao army, and the prince.

Under the seven categories: dress straight, shed straight, ride straight, the prince is in charge of others, and is a government secondary school official.

From seven aspects: the history of imperial envoys in the temple, the left and the right, Dr. Tai Chang, the imperial college assistant, the master book of nine monks, the history of the left prince's administration, the history of the right prince's administration, the history of the left prince's administration, the history of the right prince's administration, the history of Prince Shiyi, the prince's doctor, the prince, the county magistrate of Zhongxian, the county magistrate of Jingxian and the Shangzhou officials who joined the army.

From seven categories: Taishi City, Shaofu Supervisor's Master Book, Director's Master Book, imperial academy Master Book, Ye Ting Bureau Order, Ministry of Commerce Order (Le Tai, Taiyi, Taiguan, Zuozang, Dianke, Shanglin, Taicang, Zuoshang, Shang You, etc.), Xia County Order, Xiajiang Biejiang, Cheng Zhuling, Princess Family Order, go up and down.

There are eight categories: supervising the imperial history, assisting in making laws, enlisting officers from various health departments, ordering the central department (Youzang, Weaving and Dyeing Department), enlisting officers from Zhongzhou, and treating doctors too much.

Under the "eight categories": orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and orders of subordinate ministries (Taifu, Delicious, Liang Yun, Guarding Palace, Weapons, Master of ceremonies, Hequ, Fang Jia, etc. ), Guards, Cao, Zhongzhou, Qin Wangfu, Jingzhao Mansion, Taiyuan, Henan, Dadu Mansion and Fufu.

From eight angles: left gleaning bones, right gleaning bones, four teaching assistants, the secretary of the lower state joined the army, went to the county magistrate, the magistrate's main book went to the government, Prince Zuo Wei led the secretary of the government to join the army, and Prince Youwei led the secretary of the government to join the army and became the head coach of the government brigade.

It consists of eight categories: Dali Judge, Taiyicheng, Prince Zuo Chunfang Recorder, Prince You Chunfang Recorder, Prince Food Commander, Prince Collection Commander, Bureau Cheng, Shang Shicheng, Si Shenjun, Loyal County Cheng, Pro-county Shoufu, County Shoufu Jurisdiction, Princess Jiacheng and Prince Establishment.

Ninth grade: Senior Lang, Taizu, Prince Zuonei led the government to join the army, Prince Zuonei led the government to join the army, Prince Zuojianmen led the government to join the army, Prince Youjianmen led the government to join the army, Prince Neifang Dianzhi, Zhong Shucheng and Xia Xiancheng.

There are nine types of orthography: orthography, prince's proofreading book, internal servant bureau cheng, lower secretary cheng, upper princess book, and folding government team Zheng.

From nine angles: the director of Yushitai, the secretary of the provincial department, the director of the palace department, Feng, the prince Masako, the bookkeeper of the library and the school, the assistant of the physician department, the secretary of Jingzhao House, the secretary of Henan House, the secretary of Taiyuan House, the secretary of the temple, the secretary of Shaofu House, the secretary of the Governor's Office, the secretary of Doudu House, the secretary of Shangzhou County and the secretary of Xiashang County.

From the following nine categories: Master Book of Ness Province, Recorder of imperial academy, Pro Recorder, School Book of Chongwen Museum, Doctor of Arithmetic, Doctor of Massage in Taifu Department, Doctor of Medicine in Taifu Department, Supervisor of Taifu Department, Supervisor of Dali Temple, Joining the Army, Xia County Commandant, and Deputy Team of Zhechongfu Department.

Nine, the Song Dynasty official system:

The official system in Song Dynasty is very complicated. Although it inherited the old system in the late Tang Dynasty and the later Zhou Dynasty in form, it actually carried out some important reforms one after another. Since Song Taizu, the power of officials at all levels has been weakened by setting up official positions and dividing the power of officials at all levels. The purpose of doing this is to accept the lesson that power was too concentrated in the powerful ministers in the Tang and Five Dynasties, which led to separatist rebellion and even the seizure of the throne by military affairs. However, it also caused the expansion of the bureaucratic team, the low administrative efficiency and the weakening of local power, resulting in the weak state of national defense and military affairs under the invasion of foreign enemies since the Song Dynasty.

The central power in Song Dynasty was held by two governments, Zhongshumen and Privy Council, and six ministries carried out administrative affairs. The local government implements a three-level organizational system at the provincial, state and county levels.

The military attache system (military system) in the Song Dynasty was a major reform in China's feudal society. Since Song Taizu relieved the military power with a glass of wine, the senior generals were relieved of the military power, and the power returned to the central government, which was directly in the hands of the emperor. In addition, a standing army, the imperial army, was established, which was the first in later generations. The establishment of this system has prevented the occurrence of local separatism and rebellion.

Ten, Liao dynasty official system:

The official system in Liao Dynasty has several remarkable characteristics: Buddhism and Chinese are parallel, that is, the official system is divided into north and south, the Khitans are under the jurisdiction of the Khitan official system, and the Han people are under the jurisdiction of the Han system. The names of Liao officials are complicated and changeable in the mutual infiltration and influence of various ethnic groups, and the records of the system are also chaotic.

Twelve, the yuan dynasty official system:

Although the official system of the Yuan Dynasty basically followed the official system of the Han nationality since the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were some changes, and at the same time, some Mongolian official positions were retained. Among them, in local institutions, the setting of provinces has the most far-reaching influence on future generations.

The Qing Dynasty attached great importance to the rank of officials. Officials at that time were divided into nine categories, each of which included positive and negative.

The so-called nine grades and eighteen grades. Those that cannot be classified into nine categories are called non-inflow. The list is as follows:

Rank official position

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Zheng Yipin, Taishi, Taibao, college student.

From Yipin Shao Shi, Shaofu, Shaobao, Taizi Taishi, Taizi Taifu, Taizi Taibao, ministers and governors of various ministries and institutes.

The court is surrounded by censors.

Prince Shao Shi, Prince Shaofu, Prince Shaobao, provincial governors, and assistant ministers from all ministries and hospitals.

From the second class, provincial governors, bachelor of cabinet, director of the academician courtyard, and provincial envoys.

The left and right deputies of Zhengsanpin Duchayuan are officials, general political envoys, Dali temple officials, exhibition rooms, exhibition rooms and Taichang temple officials.

Shuntian magistrate, Fengtian magistrate, provincial judge.

From Sanpin Guanglu Temple Secretary, Taipu Temple Secretary, salt transporters from all provinces.

Zheng Siping, Deputy Special Envoy of the General Political Department, Shao Qing of Dali Temple, Shao Zhan, Master Zhan, Shao Qing of Taichang Temple, Xiaoqing of Honglin Temple,

Shao Qing of Taifu Temple is a member of all provinces.

He received his bachelor's degree from Sipin Hanlin Academy, awarded his bachelor's degree from imperial academy and his bachelor's degree from The Cabinetshi Read, and served as a provincial judge.

On the left and right are the illegitimate children of Wupin Chunfang, Guanglu Temple, Qin Zheng, six subjects and things, and all departments are merged into the hospital.

Langzhong, the governments know each other, and Zhili knows the state.

From the five products of crack hon temple, the monitoring platform, the academician courtyard, the lectures, the outside lang, each.

The province knows the state.

Imperial academy is the sixth division, The Cabinetshi Read left, Zhongyun right, the first division, and the Beijing government passed the sentence, Beijing.

County magistrate, the provinces pass sentence.

"Praise of the Spring Room around Liu Pin" compiled by the Hanlin Academy is correct by the Guanglu Temple Department, with the same state.

Zheng Qipin Hanlin Academy, seven-needle nib of ministries and colleges, professor of Shuntianfu studies, discipline, Jing Xiancheng, foreign studies.

County magistrate, the government teaches.

From the review of Qipin Hanlin Academy, Zhongshu Division Zhongshu, Cabinet Zhongshu, Dr. imperial academy, Zhilifu Review, and State Review.

Dr. Zheng Bapintai Hospital, eight top hospitals of ministries and commissions, experience of foreign governments, foreign counties, Zheng Xue, Zhengzhou, county education.

imperial edict

From imperial academy Dian Bapin, Zheng, Zhou and County.

Nine-pin nib, suitable for all ministries and hospitals, county main book.

From the Jiupin Hanlin Academy, under the imperial edict, the Ministry of Justice and state officials were inspected.

Officials from other counties did not flow into Beijing, and Cheng Yi was also an official berth.

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The ranks and positions of military attaché s are as follows:

Rank official position

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Zheng Yipinling, the minister in the bodyguard.

From yipin generals, governors and prefects

Deputy commander Zheng erpin, company commander

Captain cong erpin

Zheng San pin Shen Jiang

Dogmatic guerrilla

Zheng si pin du si

Congsipin city gate

Zheng Wu pin shou Bei

Five-product garrison money manager

There are thousands of products and thousands of businesses.

Defend chief Qian from six products.

Eight cases of Zheng Qipin

Beijing qipin Shengjing nomadic deputy captain

Zhengbapin outsourcing qianzong

From the Eighth Committee to the Seventh Committee.

Authentic outsourcing bazong

Extra outsourcing of nine products