The teacher said the original text and notes.

After reading this article, we should understand the importance of respecting teachers and learning from others. The following is the "Teacher's Original Text and Notes" compiled by me for your reference only. Welcome to read.

The teacher said that ancient scholars must have teachers and teachers, so they have to be taught by their careers. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I learned from my teaching, and after I was born, I learned from my teaching. I am a teacher, but I don't know if I was born in my future. So there is nothing expensive and cheap, nothing long and little, and the existence of Tao is also the existence of teachers.

Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are also far away, and they are still asked by the teacher; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. It is the ancient sages who benefit the saints, and the fools benefit the fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused! . The boy's teacher, who teaches the book and learns its sentences, is not the person I call to convey it to solve its confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctor, a hard-working musician, is ashamed to be a teacher. Scholar-officials' families, Japanese teachers and students' disciples, got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. His humble position is full of shame, and his official position is close to his age. Oh! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!

Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shixiang and Laopin. Scorpions are not as steep as Confucius. Confucius said: In a threesome, there must be a teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. After learning the Tao first, there is specialization in the art, that's all.

Compared with Li, the years are like ancient prose, and the six arts are all passed on, regardless of the times and the skills learned. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.

Teacher's note 1. People are not born knowing: people are not born knowing the truth. Meaning refers to knowledge and truth. The text of the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said,' You are not born to know, but you want it.' "The Analects of Confucius Jishi": "Confucius said:' Those who are born with knowledge are also on the top; Those who learn and know, second. "Confucius admitted that some people were born with knowledge, but he thought he didn't. Han Yu further clarified that no one was born with it.

2. Witch doctor: In ancient times, people who used superstitious methods such as prayer and divination or used drugs to treat diseases were even called witch doctors. There is a record of "witch doctor" in Yizhoushu Drama. "The Analects of Confucius Ji's": "A man without constancy cannot be a witch doctor." As a lowly profession.

3. Li: In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), he was a scholar.

4. Reply: Resume.

5. flattery (yú): flattery.

What is puzzling is his doubts.

7. Biography: Biography of Six Arts. Six Arts: Six Classics, namely Book, Ceremony, Yue, Yi, Spring and Autumn. Classics: Prose before and after Han Dynasty. Biography: Annotate classic works.

8. delay: give away.

9. Learn from him: follow (him) and worship him as a teacher. To be a teacher is to be a teacher.

10. Therefore, saints are good for saints and fools are good for fools: therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more ignorant. Benefits, more, more.

1 1. That is, learning the Tao. Tao means fashion here.

12. Disdain: Disdain the same column, that is, despise it. Still "contempt."

13. Tao: refers to the philosophy and politics of Confucianism and Confucius and Mencius. You can refer to the original road chosen by Han Yu in this book.

14. Owner: ordinary people.

15. Tan Zi: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarch of Tan State (now Tancheng, Shandong Province), and during the Hao Hao era, Confucius asked him for his official name.

16. Lao Dan: that is, Laozi, a Chu native in the Spring and Autumn Period, a thinker and the founder of the Taoist school. Confucius once asked him questions about manners.

17. Fairy teacher: The Analects of Confucius Zhang Zi: "Zi Gong said,' ...' How can a master not learn, but how can he always be a teacher?' "Master, teacher, refers to Confucius. Zi Gong said that he didn't learn anything. Why should he have a certain teacher?

18. Shame on learning from teachers: Shame on learning from teachers.

19. outstanding: beyond (average) people.

20. Scholars: people who study.

2 1. Similarity: similar, almost.

22. contempt: disdain for the same column, showing contempt. Teeth, originally referring to age, also extended to arrangement. The young horse grows a tooth every year, so the age of a horse is counted by teeth, which also refers to the age of a person. The ancients often arranged each other according to their age. This sentence reflects the traditional prejudice of the feudal class.

23. Chi (Chang) Hong: A doctor in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Confucius once asked him about ancient music. Shi Xiang: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the musician of Lu was named Xiang, from whom Confucius had learned to play the piano. Teachers, musicians.

24. Three-person sentence: the text "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said:' If you have a threesome, you must learn from me. Choose the good to follow and change the bad. " "。

25. Boys' teachers: those (enlightenment) teachers who teach children.

26. Do you want to be a teacher (fǒu): Some ask the teacher (referring to the small matter of "I don't know the sentence"), and some don't ask the teacher (referring to the big matter of "I don't understand"). "No" and "No" are the same. When translating this sentence, pay attention to the mistranslation. Please refer to the following translation for details.

27. Not limited by time: not limited by time and customs. When, when vulgar, refers to the bad atmosphere that the scholar-officials were ashamed to follow the teacher at that time. Yu, yes.

28. Accepted: by "granting". Teaching.

29. Very strange: Is it strange? First of all, modal particles play a role in strengthening rhetorical mood.

30. No need: not necessarily.

3 1. Yu Jiaqi can take the ancient road. Jia: awesome.

32. Industry: generally refers to ancient classics, history, the study of hundred schools of thought and the writing of ancient prose. Please refer to the academic research content of the author in Jin Xuejie selected below.

33. There is specialization in the technical field: (each) has its own (each) specialized research in knowledge and skills. Attack: study and research.

34. Humility is shameful: low status is shameful.

35. Where the Tao is, the teacher is: where the knowledge and truth are, the teacher is. It means that whoever understands the truth is his own teacher.

36. Read the sentence (dòu teasing): Also called teasing. In ancient times, it was called a sentence with full meaning, which was read (teased) with full stop as a circle and comma as a point. There are no punctuation marks in ancient books, so teachers should teach children to be funny when reading. Reading is funny.

37. Wen Dao: The text "The Analects of Confucius, Liren": "Confucius said:' Whoever hears the Tao will die in the evening. ""smell, listen and extend understanding. Tao: Here it is used as a verb, meaning to learn from the teacher.

38. Gentleman: In ancient times, "Gentleman" had two meanings, one was a person with high status and the other was a person with high moral character. The former is used here, which is equivalent to a scholar-bureaucrat.

39. Fu Yong knows that he gave birth to one after another in my life: Who cares if he was born earlier or later than me? No, no, I don't know, I know, I know.

40. Primary school has left a great legacy: small aspects (I don't know what to read) have to be learned, and big aspects (I don't know) have been given up.

4 1. Baigong: refers to craftsmen in general.

42. Confused: (really) confused.

The teacher said that people who studied in ancient times must have teachers. A teacher (is) relying on (him) to impart truth, teach knowledge and explain problems. People are not born with knowledge and truth. Who can have no problem? If you have problems, don't ask the teacher's advice, those problems will never be solved. People born before me know the truth and knowledge before me, so I should learn from him. If the person born behind me knows the truth and knowledge before me, I should also learn from him. What I learned (from them) was truth and knowledge. Who cares if they are older or younger than me? Therefore, regardless of status and age, where truth and knowledge are, teachers are also there.

Alas! The fashion of learning from teachers has been lost for a long time! It's hard to make people have no problems! In ancient times, saints were far superior to ordinary people, and they even asked teachers for advice; Nowadays, ordinary people are far below saints, but they are ashamed to learn from teachers. Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more stupid. Isn't that why saints become saints and fools become fools? If people love their children, they will choose teachers to educate them. But for myself, I am ashamed to learn from my teacher. What a fool! Those children's teachers are teachers who teach children to learn and tell them to learn to punctuate sentences, not teachers who teach truth and solve problems. Reading can't be broken sentences, and problems can't be solved. The former asks the teacher, while the latter doesn't. I can't see (such a person) being clever. Wizards, doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other. When people like scholar-officials talk about "teachers" and "disciples", they get together and laugh at others. Ask them (why are you laughing) and they will say, "That man is about the same age as that man, and his moral knowledge is comparable. It is shameful to take a low-ranking teacher as a teacher. Taking a high-ranking teacher as a teacher is similar to flattery. " Alas! It is conceivable that the fashion of learning from teachers cannot be restored. Wizards, doctors, musicians and craftsmen are all looked down upon by literati, but now the wisdom of literati is not as good as (these people). Is this really not strange?

A saint has no fixed teacher. Confucius studied under Zhuangzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. And people like Zanzi are not as talented as Confucius. Confucius said: Three people walk together. One of them can be my teacher. So students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily smarter than students. Knowing the truth first is different in academic skills.

Pan, the Li family's child, is seventeen years old this year. He likes classical Chinese, likes the Six Classics and their biographies, and has studied them all. He came to learn from me, not limited by the customs at that time. I praised him for taking the right path of the ancients seeking teachers, so I gave him this "Teacher's Theory" as a gift. (Xu Yingping)

The full text of the teacher's appreciation is divided into four paragraphs.

Paragraph 1

Put forward the central topic, and discuss the importance of following teachers and the criteria for choosing teachers with the role of teachers. At the beginning of the first sentence, the word "ancient" was added in front of "the ancient man must have a teacher", which not only showed that the ancients attached importance to teaching, but also aimed at reality and borrowed the ancient to learn from the present. The tone of the word "there must be" is very positive. Then, it is pointed out that the teacher's function is to "preach, teach and dispel doubts" and state the central argument from the front. Then closely follow the word "dispel doubts", explain the importance of learning from the harm of never learning, and state the central argument from the opposite side. Finally, closely following the word "preaching", it is clarified that the existence of Tao is the only criterion for selecting teachers. Contrary to the custom at that time, nobility and inferiority were excluded from the standard, which is a lesson for the following.

Paragraph 2

Criticize the wrong attitude of not paying attention to the teacher's way and the bad atmosphere of being ashamed of being a teacher. This passage discusses the score in three levels. On the first level, comparing the "ancient sages" with the "modern people" who are ashamed to follow the teacher, it is pointed out that whether to respect the teacher or not is the key to distinguish the sage from the fool; On the second level, I think my son chose a teacher and didn't learn from him, pointing out the fallacy of "leaving a legacy in primary school"; The third layer, through the comparison between witch doctor musicians and literati, criticizes the social atmosphere that belittled teachers' morality at that time.

Paragraph 3

Taking Confucius as an example, this paper points out the deeds that ancient sages attached importance to teaching, and further expounds the necessity of learning from teachers and the truth of taking those who are capable as teachers. At the beginning of this paragraph, the thesis that "saints are impermanent teachers" is put forward, which echoes 1 paragraph that "ancient scholars must have teachers" and goes further, from "scholars" to "saints" and from "teachers" to "impermanent teachers". Take Confucius as an example to discuss, because Confucius is the most sacred teacher in people's minds. Taking Confucius as an example, it is representative and can strengthen persuasion. The conclusion that "a disciple need not be inferior to a teacher, and a teacher need not be superior to a disciple" is obviously correct. This view of taking the Almighty as a teacher is the view that "the Tao exists and the teacher exists"

Paragraph 4

Praise Li Pan for being "independent of time" and "able to make an ancient road", and explain the reasons for writing this article. The word "time" refers to the social atmosphere of "being ashamed of being a teacher" and "being confused and not following the teacher", while the "ancient road" refers to the excellent style of study of "asking questions from the teacher" and taking "teaching as a teacher". So as to summarize the main idea of the full text and point out the theme.