How can Beethoven be blind and deaf?

1800 65438+1On October 29th, Beethoven mentioned his deafness for the first time in a letter to his famous friend Dr. Wegele. Beethoven found that his hearing gradually deteriorated in the past two years, which he thought was caused by his 1797 suffering from cold spots. 1802 Beethoven once revealed to people that he could not hear the cheerful wind music played by shepherds on their flutes in the forest. He also told Wegele that when people speak softly, he can hear but can't hear clearly. If someone shouts loudly, he can't hear clearly, and he hears noises day and night. It is said that he had to cover his ears with absorbent cotton pads during the bombing in Vienna. The above evidence shows that Beethoven's hearing loss is mainly high frequency, accompanied by awakening and severe tinnitus. At this time, Beethoven began to use the dialogue manual, and put a stick between his teeth and the piano so that he could hear the sound of the piano, indicating that the nature of deafness includes conductive deafness. Beethoven's pronunciation has not deteriorated, which shows that his cochlear function is still partially preserved. Beethoven was disqualified from conducting the opera Federio at the age of 52 because he could not hear the solo clearly. Later, his health went from bad to worse, and he developed progressive jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea and edema for four months. Abdominal puncture has been done four times, and ascites 1 1 liter has been taken out. Beethoven wrote a suicide note two days before his death. He said to the doctor present, "Applause! Friend, the performance is over. " 1827 On March 26th, this great musician died in Vienna because of the present-day hepatorenal syndrome. Joseph Wager, deputy director of Vienna Pathology Museum, and his assistant conducted an autopsy on Beethoven. Beethoven's auricle is large, irregular in shape and wide in outer ear. The external auditory canal is covered with scales, and the eardrum is covered with scales. The petrous part of the temporal bone, especially around the cochlea, is rich in blood vessels, with a large papilla lined with vascular membrane tissue. Auditory nerve contraction demyelination. Many otologists agree that Beethoven's deafness belongs to cochlear otosclerosis, which can explain his progressive mixed high-frequency hearing loss with awakening, decreased speech discrimination and tinnitus, and the onset age is consistent with the disease. However, no stapedial fixation was found at autopsy. Besides otosclerosis, some people think that Beethoven's deafness is caused by syphilis or paget's disease. The truth is difficult to clarify at present.

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Why did the great German musician Beethoven become deaf? Although people have dissected Beethoven's body twice to discover the secret of his deafness, the conclusion is still inconclusive. According to medical records, many medical experts believe that Beethoven was a congenital syphilis patient. He lost his hearing because of the chronic progressive damage of syphilis. Others think that Beethoven's dissolute life made him get acquired syphilis, and acquired syphilis can also lead to hearing loss. Some doctors believe that Beethoven's deafness is caused by some kind of tuberculosis. The musician was poor and ill all his life, including smallpox, typhoid fever, chickenpox, malnutrition, liver injury and other diseases, which also contributed to hearing loss. Therefore, the problem of salt becomes complicated. 1987 In March, two professors from Vienna University announced in the book Beethoven's Diseases that they would examine Beethoven's skull and found that the musician's deafness was caused by the sclerosis of the inner ear. However, the British Times19901June 14 stated that Beethoven was finally deaf because of "chest infection, stomach trouble, severe back pain and joint pain."