The Complete Works of Blind Fortune Telling in Ningdu Banban Opera _ Ningdu Banluo Blind Fortune Telling

The Inheritance School of Taoist Drama

brief introduction

Taoism in Linxian County is a kind of local opera, which is a comprehensive art form integrating literature, performance, music, singing, singing and dancing and fine arts. It consists of music and drama. Its music is relatively old, basically composed of five tones, lively, cheerful and beautiful. Accompaniment instruments are quite distinctive, including rough and bold reed poles and eight-hole pipes with low bass, rich vocals, nine bends and eighteen tones of Taoism, and a large set of several tones. There is a bend in the cover, and there is a tune in the bend. The cavity of the mezzanine is properly used, which avoids the defect that the mezzanine cavity submerges the lyrics, and the singing is lively, enthusiastic and wonderful. The repertoire is rich and ancient, close to the people.

trace the history (of)

Linxian County is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, on the west side of Luliang Mountain on the Loess Plateau in western Shanxi, across the Yellow River from Jiaxian and wubu county in Shaanxi Province. Taoism in Linxian County is the only local opera in Luliang area, which is praised by the masses as a flower on Luliang Mountain. Mainly popular in Linxian County, located in the mountainous area of Lvliang, distributed in Fangshan, Lishi, Liulin, Jiaxian, Mizhi, Wubao and other places in northern Shaanxi. The Taoist sentiment in Linxian County originated from Taoist culture, developed from the main theme of Taoist songs in the Tang Dynasty, such as Lan Guanqiang (also known as "The Final South Tune" or "Children's Play") and Soap Robe, and absorbed the excellent elements of Linxian folk songs and other operas in the surrounding areas. It took shape at the end of Yuan Dynasty, at the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, and reached its peak in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The vocals and qupai of Linxian Taoism were formed by Taoist music in Tang Dynasty, which absorbed the excellent elements of Linxian folk songs, other operas and a few bamboo slips. Soap robe and orchid, the two main themes of Taoism in the Tang Dynasty, have been preserved to this day. Lan is a complete and original combination of two singing methods of poetry and praise in the "once" period of Taoism, and it is its main singing method. Up to now, it still maintains a singing method with only five tones, which fully shows that Linxian Taoist music is ancient. The characteristic musical instruments of Taoism in Linxian County are: fishing drum, simple board, water, pipe and high and low hoop. The band system of Taoism in Linxian County consists of sixteen people, namely "Eight Immortals in Literature" and "Eight Immortals in Martial Arts". This kind of musical elements, characteristic musical instruments and band system are not available in other Taoist feelings or operas. The music played by these instruments is mainly "induced sound" in "Temple Music", which is lively, cheerful and beautiful. It has a strong flavor of China temple classical music and a strong local flavor of western Shanxi. This kind of music is unique to Taoism in Linxian County.

Artistic feature

The traditional singing style of Daoqing in Linxian County is Qupai tune, which can be divided into two categories: flat tune (which evolved from Doug) and minor tune (which is a combination of local folk songs and homophones). Flat-tone singing is a kind of qupai used in the early rap of Daoqing, which mainly includes teasing children (called the final south tune) and surfing the sand; The minor vocals are mainly folk songs and local ditties in Ming and Qing Dynasties, mainly including Taiping tune, Wugeng tune and Little Cowherd. Since modern times, it has borrowed from the structural mode of banqiang singing, making the singing method develop to banqiang. There are eight immortals in literature and eight immortals in martial arts in Linxian, that is, four in the literary field (Guan, Sihu, bamboo flute and sheng) and four in the martial field (fishing drum, simple board, small hairpin and wooden fish). The Taoist sentiment in Linxian County has both the beauty of the northern Taoist sentiment and the tenderness of the southern Taoist sentiment. The performance of this kind of drama is mainly composed of xiaosheng, xiaodan and clown, with multi-line quick steps and broken steps, while Xu Sheng's performance is characterized by steady singing and harmony, which makes its artistic style soft and elegant, romantic and lyrical, full of rich pastoral life and full of vigorous vitality. If we compare the musical singing of Linxian Taoism with that of other places, it is not difficult to find that the singing of Linxian Taoism is much richer. Among them, the inheritance of Taoist music is almost the same, and the difference is mainly manifested in the extensive absorption of various nutrients from folk art and other sister art in Linxian County. As a result, some old tunes naturally changed, and some new tunes naturally came into being, just as the old artist said: Taoism has nine bends and eighteen tunes, and several tunes are one set. There is a bend in the cover, and there is a tune in the bend. Its colorful charm can be seen. This aesthetic feature of Taoist sentiment in Linxian County is the fundamental guarantee for her eternal vitality. Taoism in Linxian County evolved from folk rap to opera. The way and process of its evolution is of great value for understanding the formation and development of China traditional opera and the evolution of China traditional opera music. brief introduction

Languan Opera is an ancient high-pitched opera popular in Laizhou and Zhaoyuan of Jiaodong Peninsula, and it is a descendant of Yiyang Opera in Jiaodong. According to the relevant ancient records, writings and oral information of artists of past dynasties, Languan Opera began in the late Ming Dynasty and flourished in the early Qing Dynasty. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Yiyang Opera spread to Laizhou when it was popular all over the country, which became an important opportunity for early Languan Opera and promoted its gestation and germination. Languan Opera follows and imitates Yiyang Opera and misuses the tone characteristics of rural dialects. Its festival is drums, and its loud expression absorbs Jiaodong folk tunes and other components. There are also several versions of the name of Lan Guan Opera. It is said that the main play of Languan Opera is to sing the story of Han Xiangzi, and his uncle Han Yu, after many difficulties and dangers, took a difficult homonym, hence the name Languan; It is also said that Languan Opera uses Yiyang accent (high accent), which comes from the south, so it is called Nanguan Opera, so it is called Nanguan Opera (for the name of Guan Qiang, see Zhang Cixi's drama "Random Talk"); Some people also say that the Lan Guan Opera is called the Chinese calligraphy opera, which means continuous.

trace the history (of)

Languan Opera Troupe was formed in the late Qing Dynasty. The famous villages of the troupe are Jijia, Mahuigou in Laizhou City and Xiaohetou in Zhaoyuan County. Whenever the Spring Festival comes, Taiwan Province will stage three sets of Languan Opera and Peking Opera. Ji Jia represents the artist Ji, Xiaohetou represents the artist Wang Zhende, and later it is more famous. There are about 40 people in each class, and martial arts dramas are performed during the day, because the scene is lively; Literary plays are performed in the evening. Because you can sit down and watch quietly at night, there are performances and rehearsals all year round. After the founding of New China, Lan Guan Opera also had fixed activities. In the early 1960s, there was a performance. In the late 1970s, Yexian County (now Laizhou City) also performed a modern play "The Lost Swallow" in Languan. However, since 1965, the performance activities of traditional Languan Opera have basically stopped. In recent years, the old artists in Xiaohetou and Longbu arranged and sang several plays, and the masses happily said: From Nanjing to Beijing, I have never heard of this.

Artistic feature

The trinity of help, beating and singing in Languan Opera has become the three pillars of this kind of music. The local people can sing, which is quite popular. Known as the blue view, the wife and shoes run. There are nearly a lot of scenes in Languan Opera, mainly two large-scale joint Taiwanese dramas, The Journey to the West and The Journey to the West. The repertoire of Languan Opera can be roughly divided into two categories. One is the legendary story of the Eight Immortals, which is called The Journey to the West by artists. The plays include Xiangzi becoming a monk, Xiangzi going home, descending to the DPRK, the Eight Immortals burning the sea and crossing the sea. The other kind also plays the story of the Eight Immortals of Taoism, but there are characters such as Sun Walker and Pig Bajie in the play, which are collectively called The Journey to the West. Plays include "Playing Chaoyang" and "Burning Chaoyang". These stories are fascinating, and there are many characters in the play, both civil and military. The content mostly preaches the concept of birth, cultivation and soaring of Taoism, which has a strong religious color. The musical vocals of Lan Guan Opera include Lan Guan Opera, Lao Lan Opera, Gao Qiang, Zanpian, Xiaoqu and so on. Its sound is short, its tone is lively and catchy, and there are several different auxiliary cavities (also known as supplementary cavities) to deal with it. There is no orchestral music, only percussion instruments, which are often sung by actors on the stage and hummed by the audience under the stage. People call it the whole stage sound. In Languan Opera, the lyrics are in the form of eight sentences and three paragraphs, which is exactly the same as the sentence width of Eight Immortals Opera-the tradition discussed in this paper can be seen here. Inherited value

The history of Languan Opera is the development history of a Qupai Opera. The evolution and inheritance of Languan Opera is a guide for us to explore the ancient cultural connotation of Languan Opera, which has outstanding academic and historical value. Exploring, rescuing and protecting this ancient drama is of great benefit to enriching and perfecting the history of China opera and developing the cause of national music. brief introduction

Long Opera is a unique local opera in Gansu Province, formerly known as Longdong Daoqing. Longdong Daoqing originated from Daoqing rap in Han Dynasty, and moved from court to folk in Tang and Song Dynasties. The fishing drum Taoist sentiment rooted in Longdong gradually absorbed the nutrition of local folk music, added two strings and other musical instruments, and evolved into shadow play singing music.

trace the history (of)

Dragon Opera is a new local opera in Gansu Province. Its predecessor was the love of Longdong Road, which spread in Huanjiang Belt of Huanxian County, Gansu Province. The specific age of Longdong Road cannot be verified. According to the old artists' memories, the first shadow play singer with Taoist tunes was Jie Changchun (1843- 19 16), a shadow play artist in Gengwan, Huan County. Dragon Opera originated in Qingyang and Huan County, Gansu Province. About a hundred years ago, folk artists drove donkeys, carried gongs and drums and performed with shadow play. After systematic excavation, collection, arrangement and transformation, it was put on the stage in 1959, and it was officially named dragon drama. The tenth anniversary of the National Day of "Feng Luo Chi" was performed in Jinjing, which is known as a wonderful flower in Gansu. Later, he toured in more than a dozen big cities in the north and south of the Yangtze River and was deeply loved by the audience.

Artistic feature

The performing arts of dragon drama emphasize reality, attach importance to starting from life, and depict the inner world of characters with delicate techniques. The performance of dragon drama absorbed some silhouette shapes of shadow play. For example, guards often use the silhouette posture of the big side, especially the crying action is more natural and unrestrained. The figure's left sleeve hangs down, his right hand covers his face with the sleeve, and the big side shakes his waist, swaying back and forth, convulsing and crying. Stage art draws lessons from shadow play hollowing out, painting, decorative techniques and high-pitched dovetail headdress to form a unique style. Long drama music belongs to the banqiang style, which is divided into two categories: injury and Chinese tone. Hurt sound is deep and euphemistic, suitable for expressing sad feelings, so it is also bitter or crying. Huayin's tune is lively and jumping, and it is good at expressing happy feelings, so it is also called Yin Huan. The singing of long plays has no strict beat, and it is more free and lively, with strong rap. The harpsichord is one of the main musical types of long-tune opera, with a regular head and a large door, and its aria is composed of various beats, which has certain rules. The first beat of a small door usually overlaps with the last word of the lyrics. Elastic leaf spring, stretching, smooth, beautiful and beautiful, is the most distinctive. Generally speaking, the speed is medium and slightly slow, which is more suitable for lyric and narrative. Flying board singing and bouncing board have something in common, and all kinds of beat patterns are carried out regularly. The first beat of the small door overlaps with the last word of the lyrics. Spring is short and distinctive. The flying board is faster, and the singing is more of rap and narrative. Accompaniment instruments, orchestral music including Hu Si, erhu, pipa, dulcimer, flute, suona, etc. Percussion music includes fishing drum, simple board, water bangzi, big pick, small gong, big brush, hinge, Tanggu, war drum, bangu and Daya. The singing method of long plays is relatively free, with smooth tunes and lively rhythm, similar to rap. The drawling at the end of the song is called a spring, and it is called a spring when singing. Spring is long and tactfully, with strong charm and strong local color. It is an important part of the unique style of long opera music. The musical instruments used in long dramas have also developed greatly, including pipa, erhu, sheng, banhu, dulcimer, violin and some brass and woodwind instruments, which have enriched the expressive force of long drama music. Dragon Opera attaches great importance to the creation and accumulation of its own performances. He has accumulated some popular programs, such as Jing Ke, Early Spring on the Grassland, Xie Yaohuan and Fake Husband Lapras.

Inherited value

Under the strong impact of modern culture, the dragon opera has also fallen into the predicament of being on the verge of decline. The number of performing groups and performances dropped sharply, and the chain of inheritance was almost interrupted. In the dilemma of being replaced by grand opera and fashion culture. If it is not valued and protected, it will inevitably become more and more marginalized, and even face decline and disappearance. Jiangxi Daoqing is also called Yugu Opera or Xiaoqu Yugu, and Hubei Yugu is similar to this. Nanchang has Taoist feelings, Fuzhou has Taoist feelings, and Shangrao in Jiangxi has fishing drums. Ningdu Daoqing singing method comes from the minor "Crossing the Street" and fortune-telling tune sung by beggars. Hukou fishing drum absorbs local fishing songs and tunes, and has a strong flavor of water town. Poyang Fishing Drum absorbs local drum books, folk songs, fishing songs, minor tunes and other melodies, which is unique. There are two ways to sing Taoism in Jiangxi. One is that the singer holds the fishing drum in his left hand and beats the drum surface with his index finger, middle finger and ring finger in his right hand; The other is to use erhu instead of fishing drum accompaniment, but they all sit and sing alone. Taoist songs are mostly fairy tales and local historical events.