Lingjiatan site is the most important discovery in the Neolithic age in Anhui Province. What important cultural relics have been unearthed?

Lingjiatan Site was discovered in Lingjiatan Village, Tongzha Town, hanshan county City, Anhui Province in 1985, with a total area of about1600,000 square meters. According to the determination, it is about 5300-5600 years ago, and it is the largest and most well-preserved Neolithic settlement site found so far in Chaohu Lake basin in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. A large number of exquisite cultural relics have been excavated, including jade 1000 pieces, which reflects the rare exquisite degree and craftsmanship of other sites in the same period.

There are many jades unearthed in Lingjiatan, which are rich in variety and exquisite in workmanship. Jade is moist, white and transparent; Unique and vivid. Unearthed jade articles include tremolite, actinolite, serpentine, serpentine, crystal, agate, timely and turquoise. These jade ritual vessels are not only exquisite, but also highlight the important position of primitive religion in Lingjiatan social organization. The beauty of stone lies in jade.

As early as the late Paleolithic nearly ten thousand years ago, our ancestors discovered and began to use jade. In the long-term production and life, the ancients found an analogy harder than ordinary stone, which has a distinctive color, crystal clear and lovely? Jade? . Because of its small quantity and difficult processing, it has gradually evolved from decorations for only a few people to ritual vessels, sacrificial vessels or totems. Since this period? Jade? It is not entirely jade in the modern sense, it can be jade or just a beautiful stone, such as tremolite ore coexisting with metamorphic marble ore.

Jade is the beauty of stone. In our current vernacular, that is to say, many prehistoric jade articles are made of stone. Next, I will show you some stone tools unearthed from Lingjiatan site. Bah, unearthed from Lingjiatan site? Jade? .

Snow-covered mountains

Yulong? It is oblate, end to end, with a prominent nose and mouth. The lines carved on the forehead are very wrinkled, and the beard, mouth and eyes are very delicate. There is a small hole near the tail for threading and knotting. Carve a regular arc along the outer side of the ring, indicating the back line, and there are 17 oblique lines radiating outward to connect with the back line, indicating patches of dragon forests, which are vivid and vivid.

Yulong is one of the most distinctive jades unearthed from Lingjiatan site, and its image is often regarded as the representative of Lingjiatan site. Hanshan Museum used the shape of Yulong for reference in its design and construction. Not only is the outer wall decorated with jade dragons, but it is also a landscape that connects head to tail from the air? Yulong? . Audiences with intensive phobia must be prepared before going to Hanshan Museum. Is the whole facade like this? Little Yulong? The picture is so beautiful that Bian Xiao won't show it. Let's make it up ourselves.

Yu Ying

Jade eagle has a unique shape, powerful appearance and fierce temperament. It spreads its wings and flies. Its eagle head stands proudly sideways, its beak is like a hook, and its eagle eye is represented by a pair of holes. The box is decorated with octagonal stars with a round hole in the middle. The wings are shaped like pig heads. The octagonal star pattern symbolizes the sun. This jade eagle may be a sacrifice, or it may be the emblem of the three-nation alliance.

The whole jade carving is beautiful in shape and exquisite in workmanship. What puzzles me most is why the wings of a free-flying eagle are made. Pig head? The image of? This is to express that birds fly to the sky and bring sacrifices to the sun god. Or on the basis of bird totem, integrate into the background of prehistoric pig culture worship and travel in space together?

Jade sculptor

There are two kinds of jade figures unearthed in Lingjiatan: standing posture and squatting posture (some scholars think it is sitting posture). They all use bas-relief technique, with symmetrical posture, tall figure, round crown, spire on the crown, oblique belt at the waist, heavy eyebrows and delicate knife technique to expose the moustache of the upper lip, ring holes in the ears and rings on the arms. This is the earliest human statue found in China. Their appearance shows that people have changed from worshipping things to worshipping clan leaders, which is the confirmation of the concept that human beings represent the will of God. What's more worth mentioning is that the Jade Man has a small hole with a diameter of only 0. 15 mm, as thin as a hair! The friction marks of all drilling holes are very regular and parallel. Even if modern technology is developed, such fine pipe drilling can only be done by laser.

In our imagination, although human beings have lived for more than 5000 years, their production and life are still extremely underdeveloped, and they should still be alive wrapped in skins and leaves. However, the excavation of jade people shows that people have mastered the original weaving technology as early as 5000 years ago. If you cross into this era, you can at least guarantee that you will not be exposed.

Huang Yu

There are a large number of half-walls, bridges and arcs in Lingjiatan site. The unearthed jade yellow is relatively large and well-made. Some of them are made up of two parts. The splicing part is connected by holes and dark grooves. Some have dragons, phoenixes and tigers carved at both ends. Some outer arcs are engraved with various teeth. Some have teeth or umbrellas carved on the top, which can be described as different shapes. This also reflects the pursuit of aesthetics by Lingjiatan ancestors.

The Jade Emperor is a combination of dragon and phoenix. Part of Huang carved a dragon head and part carved a phoenix head, which may be a symbol of the alliance between the two tribes at that time, or it may be a token of marriage. These yellows are generally unearthed in tombs, and five or six yellows are arranged up and down on the chest, which also highlights the important position of yellows in etiquette. Seeing these precious cultural relics, I just want to ask weakly, which side is the dragon head and which side is the phoenix head? There is also the tiger head. The tiger more than 5,000 years ago is not the same species as it is now. Is this description really abstract enough? While we admire the ancestors of Lingjiatan, we also have to admire the discernment of our archaeologists.

Eight diagrams carved jade plate

Jade carving version of original jade gossip unearthed from Lingjiatan site. On the decorative pattern of jade carving, the octagonal star pattern at the center of the circle should represent the sun, the GUI-shaped decorative pattern represents eight directions in the east, west, north and south, and eight numbers should be the dimension of heaven and earth, which should be related to divination and calendar. It reflects the primitive philosophy of Lingjiatan people 5300 years ago. This rectangular piece of jade was unearthed at the same time as the jade turtle. Turtles should be recorded in historical books, and turtles and plates should be divination tools.

Brother Niu, you are not mistaken. This is really a divination tool. More than 5000 years ago, our ancestors could tell fortune! Just curious, was the fortune teller sitting on the side of the road like we do now, wearing sunglasses, holding a stick and carrying a small bench?

Jade pig

Unearthed in the fifth archaeological excavation of Lingjiatan in 2007 1 piece. Jade? The carved pig-shaped device is 72 cm long and weighs 88 kg. A pig has a mouth, nostrils, eyes and ears, and a pair of fangs, which are very realistic. This is the largest, heaviest and earliest jade pig found in the Neolithic Age in China.

A few pieces introduced earlier. Jade? You can barely think of them as jade, but when you see this one? Jade pig? The moment is really chaotic. Is this made of jade?