What are the characteristics of Huangmei Opera singing?

Huangmei opera is euphemistic and fresh, which can be divided into two categories: coloratura and Pingci. Coloratura is mainly used to perform small plays, full of rich flavor of life and folk songs, and uses "household house", "food que" and other "lining words". There are couples watching lanterns, blue bridge parties, playing pig grass and other plays.

Pingci is the most important aria in the original drama, which is often used for long narrative and lyric, and it sounds euphemistic and melodious, such as Liang Shanbo and Xian Pei. Huangmei Opera, with Gao Hu as the main accompaniment instrument, supplemented by other national musical instruments and gongs and drums, is suitable for performing plays with various themes.

Huangmei Opera has three singing methods: main melody, coloratura and tri-melody.

Huangmei Opera's main cavity is the most dramatic and expressive cavity system in Huangmei Opera's traditional singing. It is based on the principle of plate-shaped variant or plate cavity as the music structure, which is the main feature that distinguishes it from the "flower cavity" of Qupai couplet or Qupai body and the "three cavities" with institutional characteristics.

The main melody does not mean that it is the main melody in all the plays of Huangmei Opera. In fact, coloratura plays basically don't need the main cavity, and some big plays don't need the main cavity either. This chamber system is called the main chamber because of its musical form and musical expression function.

In addition, judging from the development history of Huangmei opera music, the main cavity is later than the coloratura and the three cavities. This development process coincides with the development of the repertoire from one-man show, two mini-plays, three mini-plays to series, which can finally play the whole drama.

Therefore, it can be considered that the main melody melody is the product of the development of Huangmei Opera to a mature stage, and its appearance marks the determination of the basic music style of Huangmei Opera.

Huangmei Opera originated from folk songs and dances, labor songs of villagers in mountainous areas, alley songs known to women and children, and Lantern Festival songs and dances, which are the source of the development of Huangmei Opera.

The three operas in Huangmei Opera are collectively called "Colorful Opera", "Fairy Opera" and "Yin Si Opera". These three holes have a lot in common. First of all, the three-cavity music system combines the factors of Qupai style and banqiang, showing a state of "quasi-banqiang".

There is a basic cavity in each of the three cavities, and the colorful cavity and the fairy cavity are four sentences. Their word position arrangement, complex sentence position and usage of gongs and drums are relatively fixed, which has a sense of freeze-frame of Qupai style. However, each cavity of the three cavities derives a pair of plates or several plates, which also forms some supplementary cavity sentences. So the three cavities also have the characteristics of plate cavities.

Secondly, in the aspect of male-female separation, the three-cavity is not only different from the transposition connection of the male-female cavity in the main cavity, but also different from the singing method of the male-female cavity in most coloratura ditties, except that the male-female cavity is quite different in melody and easy to distinguish. Furthermore, in terms of drama performance function, Sanqiang has both lyric and narrative performance ability.

The top three are sisters with different tastes, and their differences are also obvious. For example, the sources of the three cavities are different. Color tone, also known as "big color tone", evolved from coloratura ditty.

Xianqiang Opera, also known as "Daoqiang" and "Daoqing", originated from local Taoist music and was passed down by Huangmei Opera directly or after being absorbed by Qingyang Opera. Yin Si Opera is also called "Shen Huan Opera", which originated from Qingyang Opera, so it is also called "Yin Si High Opera".

The expressions and uses of the three cavities are also different. Color cavity expresses cheerful and festive feelings, and male fairy cavity is free and easy. Through the treatment of special vocals, you can also get strange comedy colors or express sad emotions.

Yin Si accent is a gloomy accent, which was originally used by the dead or dying characters in the play to express their sad feelings. Its words are sad and its voice is sad, as if it had entered the underworld.

In addition, the modes and sentence patterns of the three-cavity are also different. There are two kinds of five-tone emblem and six-tone characteristic tone, and yin tone is five-tone business tone. The basic structure of color cavity is four sentences. Male and female voices maintain the same mode, common word arrangement and common core music, but the melody line is that male voices go down and female voices go up.

Coloratura begins with "six hammers of coloratura", the second sentence is "four hammers of coloratura" and the third sentence is "two hammers of coloratura", and the aria can end with "one hammer of coloratura" after one coloratura. The color cavity is key signature type, mostly five tones, occasionally aiming at directly changing the palace tone.

Judging from the music material, the melody of the second sentence is very similar to that of the fourth sentence, while the third sentence is very expansive, forming a "connecting the preceding with the following" structure.

The auxiliary disk of the color cavity includes a pair of disks and a loose disk, both of which are composed of the upper and lower sentences. This kind of plate, a solo or two duets, enhances the narrative function of color cavity. There are five words and seven words in the lattice. The duet is usually connected with the third sentence of the color cavity with the function of "turning", and can also be connected with the duet sentence after the second sentence of the color cavity or after singing a color cavity.

The color cavity filling sentence mainly has "pulse cavity", which replaces the position of the third sentence. Mai Qiang's sentence width is shorter and fresher than the third sentence to increase the motivation of music.

The way of falling color cavity is to slow down the ending sentence and form a buffer with decreasing speed to cause termination. In addition, the color cavity still stays on the chopping block, and the melody of the chopping block is roughly the same as that of the chopping block.

The four basic phrases of color cavity are sometimes enlarged by the increase of lyrics. One way of expansion is to add a hat and a cavity at the beginning of the sentence, and the other is to add a roll.

For example, the ugly singing of Saint Amethyst, because of the change of lyrics, has produced a large section of colorful cavity, which is clear and rolling.

The changeable example of coloratura shows that the traditional singing method of Huangmei Opera has always had great freedom. When a certain sound forms a general framework, clever artists will "follow the script", and many branches will be derived from this ambiguous ontology, even greatly increasing or decreasing, and various variants will evolve. This is probably the "composition method" for folk artists to create cavities.

Because its music system is between the main cavity and the flower cavity, the combination of color cavity and flower cavity is also very common, especially in the small play, the combination of color cavity and flower cavity is more frequent. In addition, in the early theatrical performances of coloratura, coloratura is often used to "paint".

The so-called lottery is a fund-raising activity outside the play and a means for artists to earn income. The tune used in the lottery should be the aria that has the widest audience and can best represent the characteristics of the play. The artist chooses it as "one in a hundred" and the audience accepts it as "never tired of listening", so the morphological characteristics and musical taste of color cavity can not be ignored.

The basic structure of Xianqiang is also a four-sentence style, but its form is more complicated than that of Cai Qiang. First, we should repeat the lyrics in two places, one is the last three words of the first sentence, and the other is the whole sentence of the fourth sentence.

In this way, the length of the four-sentence cavity becomes uneven, resulting in the contrast effect that some phrases are skipped and some phrases are emphasized.

Complex sentences are common means of expression in high tones. In Yuexi Gaoqiang, complex sentences should be circled with symbols in the manuscript, which shows the artist's attention. High-pitched complex sentences, repeated lyrics are covered by new melodies, and the cavity amplitude has also changed greatly, similar to the complex sentence technique of fairy tune in Huangmei Opera.

Xianqiang also uses coloratura gongs and drums. Taking the "six hammers in the flower cavity" as the head, you can close the beam with "one hammer in the flower cavity", just like the flower cavity. However, the civil war cavity is sandwiched between the first sentence cavity and the three-character complex sentence, and the three-character complex sentence is followed by the four-character complex sentence, forming a state in which the first sentence is in full swing, which is quite different from the more uniform use of gongs and drums with colorful cavities.

The auxiliary cavity is also used in the old fairy cavity, and clapping hands with the cavity with the "leaning gong" is the characteristic of high cavity. There are several auxiliary boards in the fairy cavity, which are the upper and lower sentence structures formed by the repeated changes of the second sentence and the third sentence in the fairy cavity. The first cavity-filling sentence has "pulse cavity", and the sentence width and falling tone are the same as "Cai Qiang pulse cavity".

The first strong has a remarkable feature, which can form different variants through mutation. This variant is not slightly different in the general sense, but has considerable differences in expression.

Take Game of Angels as an example. When public fairies secretly came to Tianhe to enjoy the beauty of the world, they expressed their joy after liberation with a fairy-like voice.

When the seven fairies used magic to make the Millennium locust tree speak, the strange tone and exaggerated tone matched this magical scene.

When Yong Dong learned that the Seven Fairies would be forced to leave him, and the old pagoda tree, as a witness of the media, was speechless and helpless, he was so sad that he sang "dumb wood, dumb wood, sing three times, don't talk". Such different situations, different characters and contrasting emotional expressions are all reflected in fairy tales.

Yin Si Opera is the most single and protracted of the three main operas in Huangmei Opera. Dedicated to sadness, there are 4 to 6 line cavities at the end of the upper and lower sentence cavities.

The Yin Room is full of twists and turns, touching and very good at expressing the despair of the people in the play. Because of this feature, it is often combined with the main cavity to form the sad cavity surface of the main cavity.

The vaginal cavity is a pentatonic scale. Modal color is different from main cavity, color cavity and fairy cavity. This makes it stand in the group cavity and easy to distinguish.

Vaginal cavity is not suitable for repeated use because of its long sentence and single expression. Generally, it is only transferred to the auxiliary board and the supplementary cavity sentence once. It seems that we can "experience" the requirements of the board cavity for the upper and lower sentences from here.

It rejects non-narrative drawling and demands the expression of "neutral color". Those cavity sentences whose emotions are too narrow and difficult to change are not suitable as the prototype of variation and the mother of the upper and lower sentences.

The auxiliary board of Yin Si Opera is a numeral board with the structure of upper and lower sentences, which has strong narrative ability. Its melody comes from the upper and lower sentences of Yin Si dialect, and it is also a pentatonic quotient mode.

The complement of Yin Si accent is "Yin Si Maiqiang", and its structure and tone removal are the same as those of Cai Qiang Maiqiang and Xianqiang Maiqiang. After the sentence commonly used in vaginal cavity, turn to vaginal cavity or other cavity.

Because of the intercommunication of expressions, vaginal cavity is often combined with "crying", and the injured part is supplemented by the tone of crying to show more tragedy.