On Changsha Dialect

Dialect is actually the spiritual blood of people. No matter where you are, a local accent may bring your hometown thousands of miles away to your eyes and arouse your most vivid memories of your hometown. Changsha county dialect contains the password of regional culture, which is the product of humanistic precipitation and an important label of cultural identity and identity confirmation. Changsha County dialect, which grew up in parents' brief chatter, grew up in the slang of folk songs in the fields. In the language handed down from generation to generation, the responsibility of Changsha people to apply what they have learned and break the rules has changed.

Grammatical features

Changsha county belongs to the head of Xiang dialect, which is roughly consistent with Changsha dialect, the provincial capital, and is divided into new school and old school. Because of the long and narrow terrain, the north and south are far apart, and the east and west are close, the dialects of neighboring cities and counties are quite different. With the interpersonal communication inside and outside the county, Changsha dialect, represented by Huanghua dialect, has gradually formed, and Jinjing dialect, Fu Lin dialect, Jiangbei dialect and Beishan dialect coexist. Although the dialects of most villages in the county are basically similar to Changsha dialect in Changsha, there are still some differences in digital sounds in different places, and the dialects in Changsha county are more complicated because of the differences in vernacular Chinese and new and old pronunciation. In particular, the pronunciation of Jinjing dialect and Fu Lin dialect is far from Changsha dialect. Compared with Changsha, the dialect in Changsha county presents a more complicated state in terms of time (old and new differences) and space (regional differences).

However, the vocabulary and grammar of dialects in different parts of the county tend to be basically the same, which does not affect the language exchange of people in the county.

First of all, sound

There are 20 initials in Changsha County dialect. There are five main characteristics: first, the full-voiced initials are absolutely dominant. Second, the new Huanghua Dialect does not distinguish between sharp sounds and group sounds, while the old Huanghua Dialect still has clear sharp sounds and group sounds. Third, reserve the edge sound [l] in Mandarin, and nasal sound [n] can be divided into lingual nasal sound [n] and edge sound [l]. Fourthly, the fricative sound of lips and teeth [f] and the fricative sound of tongue root [x] are mixed. Fifth, the new school Huanghua Dialect reads all the sounds behind the tip of the tongue as the sounds before the tip of the tongue; However, the old Huanghua dialect retains most of the post-sharp sounds of Putonghua, but a few post-sharp sounds are still pronounced as pre-sharp sounds.

There are 40 vowels in rhyme Changsha County dialect. There is no difference between the old vowels and the new vowels in Changsha County dialect, only the difference between vernacular and region. There are four main characteristics: first, the four vowels are complete, and the vowels in the mouth are the most, and the number of vowels in the mouth is much higher than that in Mandarin. Secondly, some vowels ending in [-n] have been weakened into nasal rhymes. Third, vowels [? ] all disappear, all enter vowels [? Fourth, compared with Changsha dialect, it mainly increases [u? 】【y？ ] two vowels.

Tone. Changsha dialect has six tones (excluding light tone): Yin Ping, rising tone, rising tone, yinqu, yangqu and Rusheng. Pingsheng and Desheng are divided into yin and yang, and Shangsheng and Rusheng are divided into yin and yang. There is no rhyme in entering tone, and the pronunciation can be prolonged. Compared with initials and finals, Changsha dialect has the smallest difference in tone. The dialects in other communities are basically the same, except for some differences in pronunciation and intonation between Jinjing dialect and Fu Lin dialect and Changsha dialect.

The relationship between sound, rhyme and tone is omitted because of space.

Second, vocabulary.

There is little difference in the vocabulary of Changsha dialect, and only a few nouns and pronouns show regional differences.

Third, grammar. Changsha county dialect has the same grammar, which is generally consistent with Mandarin. The differences between morphology and syntax and Mandarin are briefly described as follows:

Lexical features mainly include:

1, unique affix. Such as children, hands

Changsha dialect uses "Zi" with suffix "Zi" in Mandarin. Words without "zi" in Putonghua can also be taken in Changsha County dialect. There are common noun suffixes, pronoun suffixes, adjective suffixes, quantifier suffixes and phrase suffixes, such as sparrow ~/patient ~/acquired ~ (acquired)/night edge ~ (evening)/light ~/thin ~/one or two ~/a little ~/neither too big nor too small ~/neither too fast nor too slow ~

The word "hand" usually follows the verb morpheme, which is similar to the word "head" in Putonghua, but it is used more widely, and some words are pronounced "field". For example, I have to see it ~ (I don't see it)/I have some work to do ~/I have to go ~ (there is no need to go)

2. Special dynamic representation.

Persistent state: the tense auxiliary word "zhe" used in Putonghua; The auxiliary word "da" or "qi" is used in Changsha dialect. Put the tea on the table/stand and talk/glare/ride a bike.

Perfect: the tense auxiliary word "le" used in Putonghua; Changsha dialect uses "coffee" and "big". For example, I bought a book/I did my coffee homework before playing/you slept for a long time.

Experience state: the tense auxiliary word "Guo" used in Putonghua; Changsha county uses "go" or "go". I have been to Guangzhou/I have been to Changsha/Where have you been?

Trial status: The reduplication form of common verbs in Putonghua is represented by "Kan", while Changsha dialect retains these two expressions and can also be represented by "Zhe". Let me try/make me want to download/wait/remember for a while.

3. Special expressions of adjectives:

XA type: A is the adjective root, and X modifies the degree of A: deep/steep/transparent/hot/fine.

Very eight-eight-eight style: much more than eight/eight fast/eight early.

XAYA style: jostling/rushing/fooling around

XA sub-A type: strong dead hadron/cold dry sub-cold/hot retting sub-heat.

4. Special universal quantifier: "only"

Two badminton (one)/an airplane (one), a rooster (one).

5. Special universal verbs: eat, engage in and fight.

Smoking (smoking)/drinking (drinking)/eating meatballs (swallowing)

What are you doing/cooking?

Play mahjong (play)/tofu (do)

Syntactic features.

The sentence patterns of Changsha dialect are basically the same as those of Putonghua, and only a few different usages are mentioned here.

1, special position of the object:

He ate six or two meals.

2. The special position of adverbial:

have a good sleep

3. Complement words: (mostly used to express degree, equivalent to "pole")

Smelly: tired ~ da/ scared ~ da/ harmful ~ da/ sweaty ~ da

4. Special expressions of negative sentences:

Don't listen (listen)/look (see)

5. Special expressions of interrogative sentences:

I wonder if she is beautiful? I wonder if she is beautiful? )

Dialect expression

Changsha people are born fortune tellers. In Changsha dialect system, a word is a spirit, a character and a budding life scene. As a branch of Changsha dialect system, Changsha County dialect is quite skillful in speaking.

If you hold a birthday celebration at home, you should ask your friends to help you or come. Speak in Mandarin, or join in. To support the big scene, it seems to be an image. But people in Changsha county don't say "support", they call it "support shed" (the word "support" is pronounced here). People in Changsha county seem to think that the "venue" is not vivid enough, so they simply call it "shed". A shed is full of noise. Of course, the shed needs pillars to support it. When friends come, they are called "scaffolding". Of course, it is also the pillars that can support the shed. When inviting friends to help, there are also faint compliments to friends.

People in Changsha county say that things are done well and people are considerate. What's it called? Thoughtfulness, understanding and comfort are too general and have no personality. They call it ironing. Ironing, pronounced "encounter" in dialect. If you have ironed clothes, you will be surprised at the image of this dialect. The clothes have been ironed without any wrinkles, which means that things are done well and people are in place. It is really very physical and mental.

Being good at thinking in images is actually a poet's temperament and an unconventional speech. Things are not done well, and there are many kinds of sayings, such as "smashed" and "smashed the pot". Image enough. It is not surprising that people in Changsha county are dissatisfied. They just handed over the "smashing pot" to others and talked about "baskets and scoops" themselves. You think, a ladle of soup, carrying it, seriously, accidentally, the basket fell down. What this process expresses is precisely: a sigh of resentment after things are not done well, mixed with the complex psychology of self-comfort and self-mockery.

Some words spoken by people in Changsha County are especially pronounced, which often convey a domineering and wild temperament in a rough voice and high profile. Changsha county has the historical background of Jingchu culture. Therefore, people in Changsha county like to say "bully", and the word "bully" has always been expressed in a heavy and urgent tone. "You are a bully", "You bullied me to get this done".

People in Changsha county have a more vivid expression called "help" and "get it done", and it is called "difficult" that those who "lose" are removed to complete. Difficult, difficult. "Difficulty" means helping to solve problems, not "success" but "balance".

People in Changsha county are a language of love and hate. For example, praise someone for their sense of responsibility and call him "proud legs" and "hard legs". Scold the bad environment, be a worthless person, people who do nothing are called "scratching", and people who are more rustic are called "sparse"-the pronunciation of this word is common, and the word "sparse" is often exaggerated, urgent and contemptuous.