The five-color flag represents five nationalities.

On February 2, 65438, the allied forces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang captured Nanjing. On February 4, 65438, the governor of Jiangsu, the governor of Zhejiang, Tang Shouqian, and the governor of Shanghai Army, Chen, as well as the representatives of the provinces who stayed in Shanghai, Shen Enfu, Zhu Baokang, Ma Liang, Wang Zhao, Ouyang Zhensheng, Ju Zheng, Tao, Wu Jinglian, Liu Xingjia and Ma Liang. Zhang, Zhao Fengchang, Zhang Jiashi, Cai Yuanpei, Wang Yiting, Gu and Peng Xifan attended the meeting. (25) As can be seen from the list of participants, the famous constitutionalists and revolutionaries close to the constitutionalists have obvious advantages. The meeting decided that "Sun Yat-sen returned to China to preside over major policies, Huang Xing was elected as the Grand Marshal, Li was the Deputy Marshal, and the country name was the Republic of China. Huang Xing and others suggested stipulating the style of the national flag. After repeated discussions, we decided to use five colors as the national flag in the name of a republic of five nationalities. Red, yellow, blue, white and black symbolize Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and Tibetan. " (26) Although the resolution was not fully effective because most of the delegates went to Wuhan at that time, the appearance of the "five-color flag" marked that the issue of national unity and territorial integrity had begun to be considered in an extremely important position in the revolutionary camp.

Then, the "five-color flag" was adopted by the revolutionary army in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. When Ren Hongjuan took Sun Yat-sen's special car to Nanjing on June 5438+February 3 1, she saw soldiers of the Shanghai army lined up on both sides of the sidewalk in Shanghai Station, and each gun of the army had a small five-color flag (the five-color flag was the flag used in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces at that time), which was very chaotic. Dr. Sun Yat-sen didn't see the blue sky and white flag at all. (27) At that time, the revolutionary army of Guangdong and Guangxi adopted the "blue sky and white flag", while the revolutionary army of Hunan and Hubei adopted the "eighteen stars and stripes", which was the three most influential flags in the Revolution of 1911. 19 1 1 year1February 12 days, representatives from Wuhan and Shanghai gathered in Nanjing,19 12 years1/kloc-0.

But the interim President Sun Yat-sen was not satisfied with the "five-color flag" without revolutionary history. Individuals naturally tend to "blue sky and white flag". 1907, almost fell out with Huang Xing for "blue sky and white flag". (28) At the same time, he thinks that the idea of "eighteen stars and stripes" is also fair. On behalf of the Senate, Dr. Sun Yat-sen wrote back in1912: "Your committee has decided to use the five-color flag as the national flag and other reasons. The president thinks this problem can't be implemented. Covering the flags that have been used in various provinces during the Republic of China, there are three main differences: Wuhan uses the emblem of 18 provinces at home and abroad, and Jiangsu and Zhejiang use the five-color emblem; If one is used today, the other will be abolished. ..... As for the righteousness, Wu Hanyou has many extremely positive opinions, but under the clear sky, it looks like a magnificent beauty ... Today, Wuchang calls for advocating the use of a banner of righteousness. It is always difficult to decide unless it is discussed at a later meeting. " (29)

However, it is no accident that the five-color flag 19 165438 was produced in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in early February. At that time, the opinions of constitutionalists, old bureaucrats and moderate revolutionaries occupied an overwhelming advantage in the southern revolutionary camp. Although the Constitutionalists, like the revolutionaries, are all political innovators, the fundamental difference between them is that the Constitutionalists advocate that the Manchu and Han dynasties have already merged, and that the national revolution will lead to the division or even extinction of the country, which is clearly manifested in the debate between the Constitutionalists and the revolutionaries in the late Qing Dynasty. After the constitutionalists despaired of the Qing government and even participated in the revolution, their opinions on national unity and territorial integrity did not change, and they won the sympathy of the media for a while. Moderate revolutionaries, such as Song, originally opposed extreme nationalism and paid more attention to national unity and territorial issues. Song also wrote The Island Issue, which specifically discussed the sovereignty of Yanji, the border between China and North Korea in the northeast of China, and even served as the basis for the Qing government's foreign negotiations. (30) The old bureaucrats are even more opposed to all fierce ideas, thinking that the less change, the better.

Even Sun Yat-sen and other radical revolutionaries realized that the Republican forces had the upper hand, and the demise of the Qing Dynasty was no longer the main problem, and began to put the issue of national unity and avoiding national division in an important position, so they accepted the idea of a five-nation republic and safeguarding territorial integrity in line with the development of the situation, and especially emphasized in the Inaugural Declaration of the Provisional President on New Year's Day 19 12: "The root of the country lies in the fact that the people put the Han, Manchu and Manchu nationalities in the country. It means national unity. Wuhan is the first, and more than a dozen provinces have become independent. The so-called independence is to break away from the Qing court and unify the provinces, as are Mongolia and Tibet. Since the action is one, there is no divergence. The cardinal is in the center, and the latitude and longitude are around four. It is the reunification of the territory. " (3 1)

Since the five-nation republic system is recognized as the foundation of the country, and safeguarding national unity and territorial unity is the top priority, it is difficult to deny the idea of using the "five-color flag" as the national flag. The Nanjing Provincial Congress (the acting Senate) decided to use the "five-color flag" as the national flag of the Republic of China, which marked a decisive victory in the southern revolutionary camp of the five countries.

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