Fortune-telling in front of Fayuan Temple _ Does Fayuan Temple seek the spirit of marriage?

Fayuan Temple, a historic site in Beijing, is called "Compassion and Loyalty".

Fayuan Temple is located in the front street of Fayuan Temple in Xicheng District, only 800 meters from the temple gate to the food market.

This is the oldest Buddhist temple in Beijing. When Emperor Taizong was first built, he was given the name "Zhong Min" to offer a sacrifice to hundreds of loyal ministers for their crusade. Xie Kangyuan failed in the Southern Song Dynasty and committed suicide by hunger strike. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Yuan Chonghuan, the general, was wronged to death, and his bones were stolen by his men to cross over to the temple. In the literary work Fayuan Temple in Beijing, this is the place where six gentlemen talked and stopped in the 1898 Movement. History is full of twists and turns, Fayuan Temple is desolate for thousands of years, and loyal souls meet here across thousands of years, witnessing the people and years.

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The oldest Yanjing Temple, its origin is called Benjamin's loyalty.

"In the nineteenth year of Zhenguan, the soldiers of Taizong Ban Zheming died in the crusade, and their bodies were buried in the west of Youzhou for more than ten miles, which was the tomb of mourning loyalty; In addition, Minzhong Temple was built as a Buddhist temple in Youzhou to cross it. "

-"Spring Festival travel rush's Dream"

Fayuan Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty, formerly known as "Benjamin Temple".

In the 19th year of Tang Zhenguan (645), Emperor Taizong personally marched into Liaodong and lost 100,000 soldiers, but failed. Retreat to Youzhou City, build Benjamin's Hall of Loyalty at the swearing-in place, and offer sacrifices to 100,000 loyal souls from the Eastern Expedition. There is a pavilion in the temple called "Zhong Min". At that time, there was a proverb: "Zhong Min Gog, go to the sky to hold it", which meant that Gog was very towering.

In the same year, Xuanzang crossed Tianzhu for seventeen years and returned to Chang 'an on the 25th of the first month with 657 Buddhist scriptures. "The Taoist temple rushed to meet, and the city was closed." Since then, Buddhism has flourished for another 200 years, "casting stupas and building temple pagodas in vain" until Huichang destroyed Buddhism.

In the 14th year of Tianbao (74 1), An Lushan rebelled against the Tang Dynasty and built a ten-foot pagoda in the southeast corner of Minzhong Temple, which was higher than the main hall-Minzhong Pavilion. Since then, An Lushan was killed by his son An Qingxu, and An Qingxu was killed by his subordinate Shi Siming. Following the example of An Shi Rebellion, Shi Siming built a ten-foot-high "net light tower" in the southwest corner, and was later killed by his son Shi Chaoyi. Today, these two ten-foot towers have long been lost in the years, leaving only one monument "Ode to the Clear Tower" as a witness, which is also the only complete Tang monument in Beijing.

Since then, Tang Wuzong has promoted Buddhism and destroyed temples. Because of the original intention of Emperor Taizong's compassion and loyalty, only Benjamin and Loyalty Hall can survive alone in the temples in Youyan Bazhou.

However, Ben Zhong Temple has existed for too long and cannot escape the laws of history. In the third year of the Qing Dynasty (1057), the Youzhou earthquake destroyed Benjamin Zhong Temple, and then it was destroyed again and again, built again and again, and renamed again and again. Until the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Yong Zhengdi renamed the temple Fayuan Temple, and opened the altar to spread the ceremony. 1780, emperor Qianlong visited the temple and presented a plaque of the royal book "the true source of fahai", which was hung in the hall of daxiong and can still be seen today.

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"Museum of Cultural Relics" under the Architectural Form of Gu Zhuo

Today's Fayuan Temple is the ruins of Minzhong Temple in the south of the Tang Dynasty, and its remaining area is still smaller than that of the Tang Dynasty.

Although Fayuan Temple has shrunk in the years, the exquisite architecture of Gu Zhuo has not changed. There are six courtyards in the whole temple, and the main buildings are concentrated on a central axis. From south to north, it is: Shanmen, Tianwang Hall, Daxiong Hall, Minzhong Pavilion, Pilu Hall, Guanyin Hall and Sutra Pavilion. The whole building is gradually shrinking. The first entrance of the courtyard occupies a quarter of the depth of the whole temple from the mountain gate to the Heavenly King Hall. Since then, the depth of each entrance of the courtyard has gradually narrowed, interlocking in space, but at arm's length. The monks in the temple called it "historical choice and the sense of depth given by future generations."

The architectural layout from the Pilu Hall to the Sutra Pavilion has always been praised by experts and scholars, and it is considered unique. If you want to collect it first, it can be called the essence of the temple. Compared with the Heavenly King Hall and the Ursa Major Hall in front, the Pilu Hall is smaller in scale, and the east and west tilt towards the middle. After compressing the space, a narrow road is deliberately formed until the Guanyin Hall is paved with blue bricks, and the scenery is quiet, which makes people think that this is the end. But walking on, through the moon cave door on the wall, my eyes suddenly opened up. The Sutra Pavilion was five rooms wide, and the shadow in front of the pavilion shook, opening a hole in the sky.

Time has given the building a heavy history and left many essences in it. Fayuan Temple has a large number of scrolls of ancient cultural relics, which are of great cultural value.

There is a Buddha statue in the Pilu Hall, which is nearly 5 meters high. The shape is that there are thousands of lotus petals under the Pilu Buddha, and a small Buddha is cast on each petal. Therefore, it is called "Pilu Thousand Buddhas Around", which is the treasure of Fayuan Temple. There is a Taihu stone in the shape of a large water tank in front of the temple, which was originally built by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu and is called "Zhenyu". Later, Emperor Qianlong purchased the upper part of "Jade of the Mountain" and placed it in Beihai and the circular castle, with a new pedestal. What is preserved in the temple now is the newly made "Jade of the Sea" in Qing Dynasty and the original pedestal in Yuan Dynasty.

This is only a small part of the cultural relics preserved in the temple. A large number of Buddha statues, murals, stone tablets and classic buildings are collected and exhibited in the temple. For example, pottery Buddha statues in the Eastern Han Dynasty, pottery soul bottles, stone statues in the Northern Wei Dynasty, stone Buddha statues in the Tang Dynasty, iron statues in the Five Dynasties, arhats carved in Song Dynasty, Guanyin cast in Yuan copper, arhats carved in Ming Dynasty, etc. They are all precious cultural relics with exquisite shapes and different styles.

As the eye-catching historical and cultural block of Fayuan Temple, there is a wide public space outside the mountain gate of Fayuan Temple, where the elderly and children often rest. On the west side of the temple is the seat of China Buddhist College, which has three levels of Buddhist education: undergraduate, master and doctor. Monks shuttled inside and outside Fayuan Temple, accompanied by historical sites and cloves, which added vitality and security to the Millennium Temple.

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Loyal souls return to the country.

Li Ao, the author of the novel Fayuan Temple in Beijing, believes that Fayuan Temple is a martyr's shrine in early China. The Buddhist temple was first named "Compassion and Loyalty", which also laid a lofty wandering spirit for thousands of years.

Fayuan Temple is a novel by Taiwan Province writer Li Ao. Later, it was adapted into a drama and staged repeatedly on the stage, which also made this ancient temple known to more people. In literary and artistic works, the Reform Movement of 1898 was condensed in ten thrilling days. The situation in Fayuan Temple is changeable, turbulent, decisive, fierce, ignorant, stubborn and terminally ill. The picture of China in the late Qing Dynasty, like a movie, was vividly reflected in this "human theater".

In the novel, Tan Sitong went to Fayuan Temple to talk about Zen and Buddhism with the abbot. After the failure of the political reform, he was secretly sent back to Fayuan Temple by the righteous in Beijing to stop the paranormal. But according to research, most of them are fabricated. However, in the real history, the tourists of Fayuan Temple have never lacked lofty ideals and loyal souls.

In the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty (1289), Xie Fangde, the former prefect of Xinzhou, Jiangxi Province, lived in Fujian due to the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, he was captured by Yuan people and held in Benjamin Temple in the north. Yuan people lured him to be an official and took him to Wen Tianxiang to die, threatening that "this is the place where Prime Minister Wen beheaded." Hearing this, Xie Fangde laughed. "It was unfortunate to be admitted with friends in those days. Now I can travel to hell with friends!" Back to Benjamin Zhongyi Temple, he died of hunger strike. In the Ming Dynasty, Jiangxi people set up a imitation temple in the north of Fayuan Temple to worship the statue of Xie Fang, which has been well preserved so far.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Chongzhen was exploited by the anti-conspiracy of the Qing army, seized the commanding heights in the crisis, arrested the famous anti-gold star Yuan Chonghuan, and died in Yuan Chonghuan on the seventh day of September in the second year of Chongzhen (1625). Yuan Chonghuan's subordinate She risked her life to steal his head and secretly sent it to Fayuan Temple, begging the mage to turn it over and bury it in his backyard. Since then, his family has been guarding the tomb for generations, and it has been more than 390 years. With the enhancement of awareness of cultural relics protection, She Youzhi, the grave keeper of Shejiadi17th generation, appealed to relevant departments to rebuild Yuan Chonghuan's tomb and ancestral hall. 1984, Yuan Chonghuan's tomb and ancestral hall were listed as one of the cultural relics protection units in Beijing. In 2020, She Youzhi passed away. The story of the hero and the She family in the late Ming Dynasty ends here.

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Lilacs moved to the capital.

Suffering and frustration are mostly the blessings of poets, and historical sites are shelved. They have always been the birthplace of literature and art, and Fayuan Temple Lilac Poetry Society has a long history. It flourished in the Ming Dynasty and in the Qing Dynasty. It has become the favorite place of the royal family and literati. Every spring and Qingming, the monks in the temple go to the vegetarian restaurant and invite celebrities in Beijing to enjoy flowers and make poems. Ji Xiaolan, Gong Zizhen and Xuannan Poetry Society all gathered here.

By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the cloves in the temple were luxuriant, even called "Xiang Xue Hai", Fayuan Temple was also called "Xiang Sha", and it was also called "Four Scenes of South City" with peony in Xiaochong Temple, Haitang in Gokurakuji and peony in Tianning Temple. (Click here to view the previous article "Tianning Temple Tower in Beijing-the oldest ground building in Beijing")

19 17 Qi Baishi came to Beijing alone, selling paintings and prints in Liulichang during the day and staying at a monk's house in Fayuan Temple at night. Qi Baishi was not famous at that time, and few people cared about his paintings. One day, Chen Shiceng, a teacher of traditional Chinese painting in normal universities, happened to see Qi Baishi's prints and oil paintings in Liulichang and enjoyed them very much. So he immediately visited Fayuan Temple. "Under the interview, it is impossible to refuse." Later, Chen Shiceng went to Japan, and all of Qi Baishi's works were bought by Japanese collectors, and the painting price was quite high, so Qi Baishi became famous. He later wrote, "My painting career is booming. This is the kindness of the teacher who promoted me, and I will never forget him. "

1In the spring of 924, when Tagore, a great Indian poet, visited Beijing, accompanied by dozens of scholars such as Liang Qichao, Xu Zhimo, Liang Sicheng and Lin, he went to Fayuan Temple and attended a flower viewing party in his honor. Tagore was moved by the beautiful scenery and stayed in the temple with Xu Zhimo. That night, the moonlight was like water, and the fragrant shadows floated. Tagore and Xu Zhimo wrote poems all night under the begonia. Later, Liang Qichao's poems were presented to Zhimo. The first part refers to the West Lake, and the second part is Fayuan Temple. The sentence is exquisite and ingenious, as if you can see the night at that time:

Near the water, it can be clear and clear, from the four bridges, called the cross-ring garden;

This means flying all your life and playing the flute in the shadow of Haitang until dawn.

In 2002, the Lilac Poetry Festival, which was interrupted for 88 years, was held again in Fayuan Temple. After that, it will arrive as scheduled every April, and together with the endless stream of citizens who come here to enjoy the flowers, they will draw a happy and brilliant stroke in Fayuan Temple's thousand-year life.

To some extent, the ancient temple and the deceased set each other off and wrote history together. A moment and infinity are intertwined here and continue among the flowers.

History needs to be recorded and remembered. 202 1 12 13, the eighth national day of public sacrifice for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre. We dare not forget the gunfire and crimes 84 years ago, let alone the death and blood of 300,000 compatriots. Whenever Arnebia euchroma blooms, memories continue, comforting the dead with "memories" and making people stand on their own feet.