Common sense of deficiency and excess in traditional Chinese medicine

1. What is the deficiency and excess in TCM common sense?

Deficiency refers to the deficiency of vital qi and the attenuation of viscera function.

Meaning includes the physiological activities of qi, blood, yin, yang, essence, qi, spirit and viscera. It has the functions of defending against various pathogenic factors, maintaining normal metabolism and promoting human growth and fertility. If the healthy qi of human body is insufficient, there will be a series of pathological phenomena of low resistance and weakened functional activities of viscera, which is deficiency syndrome.

Excess refers to excess, excess and hyperactivity of viscera. Pathogenic factors generally include various pathogenic factors, such as six evils, seven emotions, phlegm and blood stasis, food fatigue and so on.

If pathogens stay in the body, healthy qi rises and fights, pathogens drive away evil spirits, conflicts between good and evil are fierce, and viscera functions are hyperactive, a series of pathological phenomena will appear, which is positivism. In short, deficiency refers to qi deficiency, while excess refers to evil excess. Only by understanding this, can we distinguish between deficiency and excess, and lay a solid foundation for the treatment of "deficiency is to supplement it" and "actually diarrhea"

2. What is true and false in TCM common sense?

True or false, that is, to testify whether Hou is true or not.

It mainly includes two aspects: truth, falsehood and falsehood. Truth, falsehood and reality mean that the essence of disease is deficiency syndrome, but sometimes some manifestations of "real" syndrome are reversed.

In fact, the performance of these "true" certificates is actually an illusion, so it is called false positivism. For example, people who are weak in righteousness sometimes show similar "real" performance.

We can not only see the symptoms of weak vital energy such as decreased food intake, fatigue, tender tongue coating and weak pulse, but also some symptoms similar to "excess" such as abdominal distension and abdominal pain. If you look closely, you can find that although the abdomen is full, it will sometimes ease, which is different from the continuous reduction or deficiency of abdominal fullness. Although my stomach hurts, I like to press it, which is different from abdominal pain.

It can be seen that the image of "deficiency of disease is essential reality" is an illusion. True and false deficiency means that reality is the essence of the disease, while deficiency is a superficial phenomenon and an illusion, that is, the disease is empirical and has the performance of "deficiency"

For example, on the one hand, diseases caused by accumulation of excess evil include constipation, persistent abdominal pain and frequent refusal to press, hot flashes, yellow and dry tongue coating, and other symptoms similar to "deficiency" syndrome, such as heavy pulse, silence and tepid limbs. But if we distinguish carefully, we can find that the pulse is heavy and powerful, and the voice is loud and vigorous when we meditate, so the manifestations of these "deficiency" syndromes are all illusions, and the empirical manifestations reflect the essence of the disease.

As "Pure Moon Encyclopedia" said: "The disease of great reality is opposite to the symptoms." .

3. How to distinguish between true and false in TCM common sense?

Usually, the differentiation of deficiency and excess can be carefully examined from two aspects: tongue pulse and symptoms.

Generally speaking, the strong pulse is true, the weak pulse is false, the tongue is honest, and the yellow and thick tongue coating is mostly true; The tongue is light and tender, and the tongue coating is thin, white and slippery, mostly true and false; Most of those who are physically strong due to new diseases are true, while those who are chronically ill, old or weak are mostly true deficiency. However, it should be noted that it is difficult to distinguish between true and false, and it is easy to be confused.

Essentially, these are two completely different types of syndrome. Among them, reality and truth are true and false, and reality and falsehood coexist. Therefore, there are differences in the handling of the two, and the truth is handled according to the truth; The mixture of excess and deficiency should be treated together to make up for its virtual attack.

Clinically, both deficiency-cold syndrome and excess-cold syndrome belong to cold syndrome, but there are fundamental differences in etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, so there are fundamental differences in treatment, especially in medication. The so-called deficiency cold refers to the deficiency of yang in the body and endogenous cold, that is, "yang deficiency is external cold".

It is because the human body's yang is insufficient, the biochemical ability of warmth is weakened, and the body can't be warm, resulting in the symptoms of cold syndrome, which belongs to the category of yang deficiency. Excess cold refers to the exogenous evil of yin cold, which causes excessive yin cold in the body and damages yang qi, showing cold.

Excessive yin cold, excessive yin cold, means "excessive yin cold". Generally speaking, the distinction between deficiency cold and excess cold is mainly based on the nature and symptoms of pain: the nature of pain is different.

The real cold is a sharp pain, refusing to press; Deficiency cold is dull pain, so I like to rub it. Different symptoms.

Excess cold is a disease caused by cold invading human body. No systemic symptoms except local cold pain. Deficiency-cold is accompanied by the decline of the functions of various zang-fu organs, with symptoms such as mental fatigue, listlessness, loss of appetite, loose stool, nocturnal emission and diarrhea.

Both excess heat and deficiency heat are due to the feeling of heat evil, and both are due to insufficient body fluid or excessive activity. Excess heat is caused by exogenous pathogenic factors invading the muscles inside and outside the human body, which has the characteristics of acute onset and short course of disease.

High fever, fear of heat, sweating. God is delirious, even crazy, thirsty and drunk.

The distinction between excess heat and deficiency heat generally depends on clinical manifestations, among which bone steaming, hot flashes or irregular heat, night sweats, fatigue, dry throat, sore throat, red tongue and weak pulse are deficiency heat.

4. What is the basic principle of deficiency and excess in TCM?

1. Reality: The so-called reality refers to a pathological change in which pathogenic factors are abundant but vital qi has not yet declined, with evil as the main contradiction.

Syndrome manifested by empirical evidence is called empirical evidence. After the onset, the pathogenic factors are too strong and the healthy qi is not weak, which is enough to compete with the pathogenic factors, and the clinical manifestations are solid.

There must be special manifestations of exogenous six evils or phlegm, food stagnation, blood stasis and other diseases. Generally speaking, it is more common in the early or middle stage of the disease, and the course of the disease is generally short. For example, when exogenous fever reaches its peak, there are four symptoms, such as fever, sweating, thirst and heavy pulse, or hot flashes, delirium, mania, abdominal distension, constipation, sweating on hands and feet, yellow and dry tongue coating and strong pulse. The former is called "hot flashes".

As far as the relationship between evil and positive is concerned, it is all true, and as far as the nature of the disease is concerned, it is all heat, so it is called excess heat syndrome. At this time, although the evil spirits are flourishing, the healthy qi is not seriously injured, and the evil spirits can still be fought. The result of fierce struggle of pathogenic factors is manifested as excess heat syndrome.

Or phlegm, food, water, blood and other diseases caused by retention in the body, such as excessive phlegm and saliva, indigestion, excessive water and dampness, internal resistance of blood stasis, etc., are all empirical. 2. Deficiency: The so-called deficiency refers to a pathological change with the deficiency of vital qi as the main contradiction and weakened disease resistance.

Deficiency syndrome is called deficiency syndrome. Or physical weakness, or late illness, or after a long illness, lack of qi and blood, damage to yin and damage to yang, leading to weakness of vital qi. Although healthy qi is still struggling with the disease, its strength has shown a serious shortage, and it is difficult to have a more severe pathological reaction.

Therefore, a series of deficiency and deficiency syndromes have appeared in clinic. Deficiency syndrome is bound to have a special manifestation of the decline of visceral function, which is generally more common in the late stage of disease and the process of chronic disease.

For example, serious illness, chronic illness, exhaustion of essence, or sweating, vomiting, constipation, massive bleeding and other injuries to human body's qi, blood, body fluids, yin and yang will all lead to the weakness of vital qi and the emergence of Yin-Yang Qi deficiency syndrome. Such as metrorrhagia, due to massive bleeding, its symptoms are accompanied by pallor or chlorosis, fatigue, palpitation, shortness of breath, pale tongue and thready pulse. , the so-called "spleen does not control blood."

As far as the relationship between pathogenic factors and positive factors is concerned, the physiological function of heart and spleen is low, which has both spleen deficiency and insufficient heart blood, and belongs to deficiency syndrome. I hope my answer can help you.

5. What is the meaning of "deficiency" in TCM?

Qi deficiency is mainly manifested as shortness of breath, laziness in speaking, general fatigue, shortness of breath when moving, sweating easily, dizziness, palpitation, sallow complexion, loss of appetite and sexual dysfunction.

People with qi deficiency need qi, and the drugs can be ginseng, astragalus, codonopsis pilosula, etc. The food can be beef, chicken, pork, glutinous rice, soybean, lentil, jujube, crucian carp, carp, quail, eel, shrimp, mushroom, etc.

You can often choose clothes alternately. The main manifestations of blood deficiency are sallow complexion, dizziness, palpitation and insomnia, dreaminess and dry stool.

Tonifying should adopt the methods of enriching blood, nourishing blood and generating blood, and the drugs for enriching blood can choose Angelica sinensis, Colla Corii Asini, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and Mulberry. Foods include black-bone chicken, black sesame, walnut meat, longan meat, chicken, pig blood, pig liver, brown sugar and red beans.

6. What is the deficiency syndrome in TCM common sense?

Deficiency of exterior syndrome and confirmation of exterior syndrome are issues to discuss the relationship between exterior syndrome and deficiency and reality.

Usually, the distinction between superficiality and superficiality is mainly based on whether there is sweat or not. Clinically, the exterior syndrome is often manifested as sweating, accompanied by symptoms such as bad wind, fever and slow pulse.

Regarding the exterior syndrome, Treatise on Febrile Diseases pointed out: "A person suffering from solar disease, fever and sweating, and slow pulse is called a stroke." It can be seen that the main cause of exterior deficiency syndrome is that the human body feels wind evil, wind is yang evil, and its nature is catharsis, so sweating occurs.

From the analysis of the concept of excess and deficiency in the Eight Outline, the so-called exterior syndrome is caused by wind evil hurting people, the evil is on the muscle surface, and the whole body is empty of righteousness. So it still belongs to the scope of argument. In addition, if the patient has deficiency of both lung and spleen, dense muscle surface and low resistance, it will easily lead to the invasion of six evils.

When attacked by pathogenic wind and manifested as sweating, it also belongs to the category of exterior syndrome. Clinically, exterior-exterior syndrome is characterized by anhidrosis, often accompanied by aversion to cold, fever, head and body pain, tight pulse, wheezing and other symptoms.

This is due to the feeling of cold evil, cold is yin evil, and the main reason is attraction, which hinders fur, leads to depression and is unfavorable to qi and blood. Therefore, anhidrosis, aversion to cold and fever, and head and body pain occur. Sudden temperature should be used to relieve exterior syndrome.

Therefore, according to the concept of eight categories of reality, exterior reality belongs to the category of reality. In a word, superficiality and superficiality are only two types of superficiality, which are relative. To distinguish exterior deficiency syndrome from exterior syndrome, we should combine the patient's physique and take sweating as the basis.