A complete collection of array methods

Phalanx: Policy is the most basic formation for military operations in the era of cold weapons. The large phalanx is all composed of small phalanxes, which is called "the phalanx in the containment matrix". Sun Bin believes that a phalanx should be "thin in the middle and thick in the square", that is, there are fewer troops in the center of the phalanx and more troops around it. There are few troops in the middle, so you can bluff. There are many troops around, which can better defend against enemy attacks. Square array is a relatively balanced formation of attack and defense. Commanders and other golden drums are generally deployed behind the phalanx.

Circular array: Circular array is for circular defense. The golden drum flag is deployed in the center and there is no obvious weakness.

Sparse array: Sparse array is an evacuated battle formation, and both square and circular arrays can be sparse. Sparse the array to increase the distance between ranks, various flags, weapons, grass men, more handles at night, and fewer soldiers are stronger.

Number array: Number array is a dense battle formation, which is mainly defensive and offensive.

Conical array: it is a combat formation, and the striker is like a cone. The conical array must be sharp and fast, and the wings must be strong. It can attack the enemy on a narrow front through elite forwards, break through and split the enemy's formation, and expand the results with two wings. It is a formation that emphasizes offensive breakthrough. Cone array is also called bull array.

Yan zhen: The so-called yan zhen is a horizontal battle formation, and the left and right wings are arranged forward or backward in a ladder shape. The front is a "V" shape, just like the two arms of an ape extending forward, which is used to outflank the circuitous formation, but the defense at the back is weak. The backward layout is inverted "V" to protect the safety of the two wings and the rear and prevent the enemy from detouring. If the two wings are cavalry with strong mobility, they can be protected and supported by the central infantry at rest, and can also play the role of attacking cavalry and increase suddenness. Alexander's battle in India was similar to this formation.

Hook-shaped array, the front of the hook-shaped array is a square array, and the two wings are bent back into a hook shape to protect the safety of the flank and prevent the enemy from attacking the golden drum at the rear.

Xuanxiang Array: This is a false array that confuses the enemy. The distance between the queues is very large, and most of the flags and drums are constantly beating. It simulates the sound and footsteps of soldiers marching. It seems that the troops are huge and deceive the enemy in various ways.

Positive array: In the Northern Song Dynasty, troops were often divided into forwards, defenders and other parts, and the formation formed by each part was called "positive array". In other words, in the Northern Song Dynasty, the troops were often divided into various parts to form a "positive array" according to tactical purposes, and then combined operations. Including the following formations: vanguard array, strategic vanguard array, large array, front array, east-west abduction array, landless horse division array, rejected rear array, strategic rear array and so on. Forward array is a combat formation composed of forward troops. Forward troops are similar to modern avant-garde troops. The task of the vanguard is to "resist the impact, sink into the solid array, and attack the sharp division", so the Northern Song Dynasty, like all previous dynasties, "chose the elite soldiers and set up the vanguard array". Forward array is a combat formation composed of troops cooperating with forward, which is "placed behind forward array". This array is unified by "one rider". When the vanguard resists the enemy or the troops are weak, it should rely on the vanguard to control the enemy's "sudden" large array, also known as the Chinese army array, which is a combat formation composed of main horses and infantry. Generally grow arrays (columns) or squares. In the formation, "soldiers use spears as weapons, horses use cloth as arrays, or cars as arrays, which is called' soldier formation'". Behind it is John bow and crossbow. At the same time, "four doors open at one time, cavalry is in it, waiting for the battle, that is, open the door and put the team." In short, the main force is arranged in four directions in the form of "car camp" to prevent the enemy from "flying" when you need to fight, and open the door on all sides to let the "team" fight.

Front Line: The General Outline of the Art of War, which was deployed "before the large array of China's army", said, "When the enemy is in the front line, winning with the strange soldiers and being able to cooperate with the front, back, left and right, it is always invincible." . . Wu Yao also quoted the method of holding strange pictures after the wind and the deployment of Liao army, and thought that the number of strange soldiers should account for about 1/3 of the large-scale soldiers. East-west abduction horse array: this is an array that directly protects the large array, "for the left and right wings of the large array." The reason why this array was set up was because "Yi Di used soldiers, and each bow rode fiercely, attacking the large array to prevent it from rushing, because he set up a kidnapper array and thought it was salvation". The number of troops in this array is also the result of the large number of soldiers, which is temporarily selected. Divide the horse and have no land: It is a mobile unit controlled by a large array of China army. It is arranged around the "general barracks array" and is "used his quick wits". Its soldiers are commanded by various units (battalion units? ) from the team. The number of mobile troops is "temporarily divided, there is no fixed number".

Refusing rear array: Also called "rear array", it is a combat formation composed of guard troops, which is arranged behind the large array of China troops to prevent the enemy from attacking from behind. Song people think that under the situation of "military array system", it is necessary to reject the rear array in order to prevent "the grain route from being cut off". According to the General Outline of Military Classics, several failures in the battle with Liao were all related to the fact that "grain and grass" were cut off by the enemy. Therefore, from the beginning of the true Sect, we should pay attention to "behind the military palace" in order to "use it urgently and avoid being attacked between Scylla and Charybdis."

"Behind the House" array: It is a combat formation composed of troops coordinated behind the house. It is set between the back array and the main force. Pingrong Wanquan Array: It was built by Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi himself and given to the general. It is valuable. Pingrong Wanquan array consists of five armies: front, back, left, middle and right. It is a large phalanx about 17 miles square (personally, this phalanx can expand the depth and reduce the space for enemy cavalry to maneuver). The main infantry is deployed in the center of the array, and the chariots are strengthened. Set up three car battalions to enhance the defense and attack ability of infantry. The cavalry is deployed in front, back, left and right to serve as guards and cover the central large array ... This is a conservative defense formation, which allows Song Jun, which is dominated by infantry, to fight against Zhong Jun. The large array is formed by arranging three phalanxes and is the main force of the whole array ... The circumference of each phalanx is 20 Li (equivalent to 360 steps × 20 = 7,200 steps). Every five steps is a "land division", each "land division" is led by a cart, defended by 22 infantry, and there are 5000 people living in a square without land (that is, the mobile reserve), and each square shares 36680 infantry. Three phalanxes110,400 people, plus 240 people (that is, observers and Wang Chen sentries), making a total of1/kloc-0,280 infantry ... The front array and the rear array (that is, the forward array and the rear array) each have two columns of cavalry. . . 62 cavalry teams, each with 50 riders, totaling 3 100 cavalry. There are sixty-two teams, each with thirty cavalry, totaling 1,860 cavalry. Two columns of 4960 cavalry, plus 40 scouts (reconnaissance), a total of 5000 cavalry. There are ten thousand cavalry before and after. Things are slightly arranged in an array (that is, the left and right wings), each with two columns. The first 125 teams, each with 50 cavalry, total 6,250 cavalry; Then there were 125 teams, each with 30 cavalry, totaling 3,750 cavalry. There are 10,000 cavalry and 650 cavalry spies in each array, totaling 20,650 cavalry. . .

The troops used in Pingrong Wanquan Array 140903 (main infantry10280, front, rear, left and right cavalry 3650), and there are 1440 carts used for car camp defense. In this array, the front of the large army array is about 17 miles wide (the front and depth of each array are five miles, and the squares are separated by one mile); There are 65 steps in the front and back teams, and there are 11 Li 070 steps in the front (65 steps ×62=4030 steps, equivalent to 1 1 Li 70 steps); Left and right arrays, each team covers an area of 50 steps, with a total of about 130 steps in front (50 steps × 125 = 6250 steps, equivalent to 17+030 steps). ...

Eight arrays of this dynasty: According to "General Jason Wu? It is recorded in the Eight Arrays in this Dynasty that the so-called Eight Arrays in this Dynasty in the Northern Song Dynasty refers to eight arrays, such as square array, round array, Zhen Niu, Chong array, square array, wheel array and yan zhen ... The forces and arrays used in the Eight Arrays refer to Li Jing's array, that is, each array is composed of 14,000 people. Among them, the infantry is organized into 200 teams, each with 50 people, accounting for 1 10,000 people; Ma Jun 80 teams, each with 50 people, a total of 4000 people. Each formation is divided into seven armies: Zhong Jun, Zuoyou, Zuoyou and Qianhou, such as the Tang Dynasty. In every burst, "one out of every ten people is facing each other and inheriting each other." "One pawn takes two steps, and one horse is two steps wide". "Eight Arrays in the Dynasty" is accompanied by arrays except the circular array (because it has the same shape as the wheel array). The names of soldiers in each array are inherited from the Tang Dynasty. . . The "garrison troops" in the picture are the "garrison troops" in the Northern Song Dynasty (the so-called garrison troops mean that these troops are used to occupy enough areas at the beginning of the formation to prevent the enemy from rushing to protect themselves, but after the formation is completed, they exist to maintain the shape of the formation and are often composed of archers. We often listen to storytelling or read old novels, and archers often shoot positions, which is why. The "front team", "team", "jump" and "surprise soldiers" in the picture are civil war soldiers and landless soldiers in the Northern Song Dynasty. . . The names of the seven armies in the picture also follow the military vocabulary of the Tang Dynasty, such as pioneers, military strategists You and You Jun in the Northern Song Dynasty; The former army and the latter army, that is, the generals of left rib and right rib in the Northern Song Dynasty; Left, man, that is, the commander of the home front and the home front in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the name of the current eight-array diagram was called eight-array diagram, but because the circular array and the wheel array were the same array diagram with different names, there were actually only seven arrays. Looking at the descriptions of these eight-burst names, seven-burst diagrams and martial arts, we can see that the names of eight-burst arrays are not much different from those of the previous generation, but they are essentially different from those of the previous generation in the arrangement methods of various formations. The ancient Eight Arrays are all changes in the arrangement of the army's main forces, while the so-called "Eight Arrays of the Dynasty" in the Song Dynasty, except for the circular array and the wheel array, always arranged the main forces in a phalanx to defend the surrounding area, only with a small amount of troops, made some symbolic changes around the main phalanx to symbolize the ancient meaning, which is completely different from the ancient Eight Arrays. It can be said that the eight-array diagram of this dynasty can be said to be a distorted square. Although there were defensive formations in the previous Eight Arrays, the main one was the offensive formation, and the "Eight Arrays of the Dynasty" in the Song Dynasty essentially became a new four-sided defensive formation. In other words, the main forces of each array are still not divorced from the pure defense mode, and none of them has inherited the offensive spirit of the previous generation of troops. The emergence of this situation cannot but be said to be related to the military thought of pure defense in the Northern Song Dynasty. Of course, this is also related to the threats faced at that time. Because the Song Dynasty was different from the previous generation, it lacked cavalry and faced powerful northern nomadic knights, so its wings and rear direction were always threatened. The formations facing defense in all directions, such as phalanx and circular array, are indeed defensive cavalry outflanking, while the ancient eight-array map is mainly set to be goose-shaped and conical, which is an offensive formation facing a certain direction, and the defense on the flank is greatly weakened (in fact, I personally think that the ancient eight-array map is greatly weakened). Among them, there should be ways to change between various formations, but today it is impossible to test them, and these things are the essence of China's ancient eight-array map. If we study the arrangement and shape of each formation, we will only get its shape, not its spirit. . . It's just the skin of our ancient array. . . ), in the absence of enough cavalry, it seems impossible to attack the highly mobile cavalry with infantry formations, because when the situation is unfavorable, the cavalry can always leave the battle or attack the flank and rear direction in a roundabout way. Therefore, it is more appropriate to use square or round formations to defend cavalry in the field. . . The mistake of Eight Arrays in Song Dynasty is that we shouldn't spend so much money. If the phalanx can work, why complicate things and have an eight-array that is neither fish nor fowl? . . It seems that this is also the product of literati divorced from the reality of war. Of course, it does not rule out the possibility that the Wu kiln array map is inaccurate. There is a shortage of cavalry in Song Jun, accounting for only one seventh of the total number of the whole army, and there are often three or four horseless cavalry (in Li Wen, Li Jing advocated setting up wooden horses in the cavalry camp to facilitate cavalry training. I really don't know whether this is due to lack of horses or habits, but it may be the source of modern pommel horse. Nine times out of ten there are no horses. For example, Liu Guangshi has 52,000 soldiers and only over 3,000 war horses. This shows the extent of the shortage of horses in Song Jun. . . In addition, Song Ma is relatively small, generally around 1.36 meters, which is not a big horse by current standards. Han Shizhong once presented a horse, about1.58m, to Emperor Gaozong, which was a rare horse in the Song Dynasty. In order to deal with nomadic cavalry, the Song Dynasty made great efforts in formation in an attempt to resist riding in the field. During the Song Dynasty, I personally think that there are two formations worth mentioning, namely, the crossbow formation and the overlapping formation in the Song Dynasty.

A crossbow array is a formation that exerts the power of a crossbow (a crossbow strung with pedals, which is more powerful than a crossbow strung with arms). Divided into three rows, from back to front, the first row is curved, the second row is loaded with arrows into the crossbow, and the third row is aimed at shooting. When in use, after the third row is shot, it returns to the back of the first row through the gap between two rows to wind it up, and after the second row enters the crossbow, it enters the aiming shooting state, and so on. Get continuous and intensive long-range strike capability.

Diezhen was founded by Wu brothers in Sichuan in Song Dynasty, which was found in the history of Song Dynasty. It is also divided into three columns, with swords and guns holding long soldiers in front, bows in the back, and finally an arm crossbow or a pedal crossbow. This is a requirement close to actual combat. When fighting, the whole army should kneel down. When the enemy approaches 65,438+000 steps, let an armed archer stand up and shoot (this is for ranging). If the enemy can enter the enemy line, then send all the archers out. When the enemy approaches 70 paces, let a flat archer stand up and shoot. If you can get into the enemy line, then send all the archers out. When the enemy refused to mount the horse, the Marine Corps started hand-to-hand combat with him. In this way, the use of long-range strike weapons to intercept and defend layer by layer weakens the ability of enemy cavalry to move quickly, making it possible to resist riding in the field. Explain the formation of the army first.

Qi Jiguang Yuanyang Array: 12 is the most basic combat unit. In this formation, the first two players are long players and rattan players (one of whom is the captain), then two players follow the wolf, then four long gunmen, and finally two short soldiers. Use rattan cards to protect long-range shooting weapons in combat (at this time, the players face the enemy, others form a column, and others hide behind the players). Wolf milling is the main attack force, and pike is used to kill people. Short soldiers are used to prevent the enemy from entering or attacking when the long soldiers are tired Yuanyang Array has been successfully applied to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and achieved great success. Yuanyang group is the most basic group, with many changes.

Small three talents line up in a horizontal line, "Wolf milling in the middle, a pike on the left and a pike on the right, a short soldier and a flat column on the left and right", which is the formation adopted on the narrow road; A two-wing and one-tail array divides the participating troops into four parts, with the former as the head, the regular army and the main offensive force; The two wings are raiders, which protect the head from the rear and attack the enemy's flank at an appropriate time, and the tail is the cooperation team (equivalent to the reserve team), ready to reinforce in any direction at any time.