At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the four sages in western Zhejiang refer to ()

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhang and Chen, together with Song Lian and Liu Bowen, were called the Four Saints of West Zhejiang.

Liu Bowen (1311-1375)

Real name Liu Ji, word blog, word line. Liu Bowen was exceptionally clever and gifted from an early age. Influenced by his family, he has been studious and understanding since childhood. He likes reading books and is very familiar with Confucian classics and books of a hundred schools of thought contend. Especially for astronomy, geography, the art of war, and the number of tricks, I have devoted myself to research and accumulated a lot of experience. He has a good memory. He reads from line to line. And the writing is wonderful, and the articles written are also extraordinary. /kloc-when he was 0/4 years old, he went to counties to study Chunqiu. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, he studied Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties with Zheng Fuchu, a famous scholar in counties and counties, and actively prepared for the imperial examination. With natural endowments and acquired efforts, young Liu Bowen quickly stood out in the local area, became a great talent and celebrity in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and began to attract the attention of the world. His teacher, Zheng Fuchu, once said to Liu Bowen's grandfather, "This child will definitely shine at your door one day and revitalize the Liu family!" Zhao, a famous scholar in West Shu, ranked Liu Bowen as the first when commenting on Jiang Zuo's characters, and compared him with him, saying that Liu Bowen would be a great help to the times one day.

Liu Bowen is really the best among people. In the first year of Tong Yuan (1339), he entered the official career and began his wonderful performance on the historical stage of China.

At first, Liu Bowen hoped to work for the Yuan government and realize his great ambition by being an official. Shortly after entering Jinshi, he was appointed as Cheng of Gaoan County, Jiangxi Province, and later served as Marshal House. However, his suggestions are often not adopted by the court, and his talents are suppressed by the court. Liu Bowen was very disappointed. He resigned angrily for three times and returned to his hometown Qingtian to live in seclusion.

During his seclusion in Qingtian, Liu Bowen devoted himself to writing. He summed up his thoughts and opinions on society and life, and created the famous Yu Lun. At this time, the situation of the whole country has undergone fundamental changes. Anti-Yuan uprisings are surging all over the country, and the rule of the Yuan Dynasty is crumbling, but the anti-Yuan rebels are at odds. Liu Bowen observed the situation in the world, and after some analysis, he thought that among many uprising troops, Ming Taizu, a civilian, had the most true spirit of the son of heaven, and a Red Scarf Army led by him was the team that overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and established a new country.

In A.D. 1360, Ming Taizu, commander-in-chief of the Rebel Army, twice invited Liu Bowen, who lived in seclusion in Qingtian. After careful consideration, Liu Bowen finally decided to send troops to help, hoping to realize his grand ambition of governing the country and leveling the world by helping Zhu Lai. Similar to Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Dui", when Liu Bowen first met Zhu, he put forward "eighteen strategies for current affairs". When Ming Taizu saw Liu Bowen, he was overjoyed. From then on, he regarded Liu Bowen as his confidant and strategist.

After Liu Bowen came out of the mountain, he faithfully served the Zhu regime and actively made suggestions. He formulated the strategic policy of "destroying Chen Youliang first, then Zhang Shicheng, and then moving northward to the Central Plains to unify the whole country" for the Zhu family. And Ming Taizu has received assistance from Liu Bowen, which is even worse. He basically acted according to the strategy and tactics set by Liu Bowen. First, he defeated Chen Youliang by luring the enemy, and then he fought Chen in Poyang Lake in 1363, completely destroying his power. In the second year, Zhang Shicheng's power was eliminated as planned. Then, Ming Taizu sent troops north to attack Beijing, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, and prepared to claim the title of emperor in the south.

In A.D. 1368, Ming Taizu ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing, and formally established the Ming Dynasty, renamed as "Hongwu". As one of the founding fathers, Liu Ji made great contributions to Zhu's final pacification of the world and the establishment of the dynasty, and was appointed as an imperial envoy. In recognition of Liu Bowen's special contribution and great achievements, Ming Taizu also issued a letter to exempt Liu Bowen's hometown of qingtian county from taxes. This is the only county in Chuzhou that does not increase taxes. Soon after, Liu Bowen's grandfather and father were made Duke of Yongxi.

In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Liu Bowen was appointed as a bachelor of Hong Wen Pavilion, and was awarded the positions of "founding the country, keeping the culture, being a minister, being a good doctor and protecting the army", and was awarded the title of Zhicheng Bo with a salary of 24 1 stone. At this time, Liu Bowen's own career and the development of the Liu family in Qingtian were in full swing, reaching the most brilliant heyday.

As a generation of strategist and wise man, Liu Bowen knew that he hated evil at ordinary times and offended many colleagues and dignitaries. At the same time, he knows the truth that "a companion is like a tiger". Therefore, after his success, he resolutely chose to retire from the torrent. Hongwu four years (137 1), voluntarily resigned from all posts, retired to his hometown, and returned to Qingtian for seclusion.

Liu Bowen lived in seclusion in Qingtian for two years, hoping to stay away from the dispute between right and wrong. However, his wisdom and talent are too high and his reputation is too great. He was even rendered immortal by folk people, and could not avoid the jealousy of his political opponents and the suspicion of the emperor. In the sixth year of Hongwu (1373), Liu Bowen's political opponent Hu became the left prime minister, instructing others to falsely accuse Liu Bowen, saying that he would occupy a piece of "Wang Dao" land called "Yang Ming" as his grave, with no good intentions. Ming Taizu, who has been uneasy about Liu Bowen for a long time, was indeed deprived of Liu Bowen's seal after hearing this false accusation. Liu Bowen was so scared that he went to Nanjing to apologize to Ming Taizu himself and stayed in Nanjing, afraid to come back. Later, Hu Ba was promoted to the position of right prime minister, and Hu became the biggest traitor in the world, which can be compared with Qin. Liu Bowen was more worried, and finally he couldn't bear it.

In the eighth year of Hongwu (1375), Liu Bowen, who was ill, was escorted home by an envoy sent by Zhu Yuanzhang, and soon died of grief at home at the age of 65.

When Liu Bowen was in Nanking, Hu sent a doctor to treat Liu Bowen, but Liu Bowen's condition got worse after taking the medicine. Therefore, people suspected that Liu Bowen was poisoned by Hu at that time. After his death 139 years, that is, the ninth year of Zheng Dejun (15 14), he was posthumously named as a Taishi, posthumous title Wencheng, so later people called him Liu Wencheng. Wencheng county is a new county separated from 1948. The county name is in memory of Liu Ji.

Liu Bowen is not only a master of strategy, but also a famous scholar and scholar. He has many works, including Residual Ion (10) and Selected Works of Chengbo (20). One of them is. Yu Lun occupies an important position in the history of China's thought and literature.

Liu Bowen was buried in Xiashan, Wuyang, Qingtian after his death. It is said that before he died, Liu Bowen predicted that Hu would fail and then be rehabilitated. He also left a secret letter for his son to play again when Ming Taizu remembered himself in the future. Five years later, it really collapsed. After another 10 year, Liu Bowen was indeed rehabilitated. Ming Taizu also gave the Liu family a principal book and an iron coupon, which saved the Liu family members from capital punishment.

Song Lian (1310—1381)

The word Jinglian, with a thousand seals, is also known as Xuanzhenzi, Zhen Xuan Taoist, Zhen Xuan Taoist and Zhen Xuan Dunlao. Pujiang County (Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province). He was born in a poor family, but he was eager to learn since he was a child. He was hired by Wu Lai and Liu Zhi, masters of ancient Chinese prose at the end of Yuan Dynasty. He studied hard all his life. "From childhood to old age, he never went to school for a day and learned everything." At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Shundi asked him to organize and edit imperial academy. He resigned and wrote a book on the grounds of supporting his parents.

In the 20th year (1360), Zheng Zheng was hired by Zhu Yuanzhang together with Liu Ji, Zhang Yi and Ye Chen, and was honored as the teacher of the Five Classics. Hong majored in Yuan history, and the official to the bachelor accepted the imperial edict. Later, due to Hu's case, he died in Maozhou. His works include The Complete Works of Song Shixue and The New Theory of Filial Piety.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, and Song Lian took office as a Confucian scholar in Jiangnan, giving lectures to Prince Zhu Biao. In the second year of Hongwu (1369), he was ordered to major in Yuan history. Tired officials went to the academician courtyard to start a business, knowing the patent. Hongwu ten years (1377), resigned and returned home. Later, his eldest grandson was implicated in the Hu Dang case, and his family was exiled to Maozhou (now Sichuan Qiang Autonomous County), where he died of illness.

In the history of ancient literature in China, Song Lian, Liu Ji and Gao Qi were called the great poets in the third day of Ming Dynasty. He took it as his duty to inherit the feudal Confucian orthodoxy, and advocated "learning from the classics" and "learning from the ancients" of the characters and learning from the Tang and Song Dynasties. His works are very rich. His works, represented by biographical sketches and narrative essays, are concise, elegant and graceful, with their own characteristics. When the Ming Dynasty was founded, most of the imperial rites and music systems were formulated by Song Lian. Zhu Yuanzhang called him "the first civil servant in the founding of the People's Republic of China", Liu Ji praised him as "the first article today" and scholars from all directions called him "Tai Shigong". Author of Selected Works of Song Shi Xue.

Song Lian is "the head of the founding civil servants". He insisted that Ming Dow's prose should seek truth from facts, draw lessons from classics, emphasize "expressing one's will", pay attention to "changing things" and demand "feeling things with things", so his prose is rich in content and has certain artistic skills.

In the next generation, Song Lian is the first person to open a private library.

Song Lian's collection of books began as a teenager. At that time, he moved to Pujiang because of the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and built a room to study in Luo Qing Mountain, because its building was named "Luo Qing Mountain House". After the mutiny, the official books were seriously damaged, and Song Lian was able to keep the book city because of his seclusion in the mountains. Qi Ming Han Cheng's "Red Book Collection of Lianshengtang" said: "After the country broke the fire and died, Song Wenxian publicly studied in Luoqingshan, and has collected thousands of books." The Preface to the Complete Works of Song Wenxian, the second volume of the Collected Works of Fengxitang in the Qing Dynasty, said that Song Lian "began to sneak into Pujiang, gained his book wealth, and pushed Song Lian first".

The essence of Song Lian's books, a few of which flowed into the hands of Qing people. For example, The Collection of Changqing in the Northern Song Dynasty was successively collected by Qian Ceng, Huang Pilie and Pan Zuyin. "Bai Fu": "The" Changqing "of Lushan Mountain, see Liuding; Master Jinhua is an elf alone. " Note: Changqing Ji was engraved in the Northern Song Dynasty, so-called' Lushan Edition'. Geng Yin was burned and the seeds were cut. Only this little song book in Jinhua Song's Jinglian is full of paintings, ancient and lovely, and rare. In addition, a batch of biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals, Historical Records and Song Wenxuan flowed into the palace of the Qing Dynasty, recording the sequel of Tianlu Lin Lang. Song Lian also collected the Song Dynasty publication "Shilin Guangji", and then returned to Ding Richang, Guangdong Province, where he recorded the Bibliography of Bao Jing Zhai.

Ye Chen (? - 1362)

Minister in the early Ming dynasty. Lishui, Zhejiang, the word Jingyuan. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he was appointed as a provincial marshal. After Zhu Yuanzhang took Chu State, he was appointed and reused together with Liu Ji, Song Lian and Zhang Yi, and was entrusted with the important task of managing fields. In the twenty-second year of Zheng Zheng (1362), Zhu Yuanzhang occupied Hongdu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) and was awarded as the magistrate. He was later killed by a rebel.

Ye Chen (? ~ 1884) was born in Min County (now Fuzhou). In the second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1876), he graduated from the driving class of Fujian Ship Administration School. During the Ma War, he served as the management belt of the mosquito boat "Fu Sheng". After being shot in the stern and caught fire, he still stood on the slipway to command and supervise the loading of guns. Finally, the enemy gathered his threats and died.

Zhang Yi (13 14- 1369)

Minister in the early Ming dynasty. A native of Longquan, Zhejiang Province, with three meanings, is a monk in Kuangshan. After Zhu Yuanzhang seized Chu, he was reused with Liu Ji, Song Lian and others. Cheng also praised the good doctor as the suggestion in the official history. Later, due to the loss of his mother, he died soon.

After learning from Wang Yi, Kou captured Longquan and was defeated by the local armed forces where he assembled. He was awarded the position of Marshal in East Zhejiang, but his resignation was not accepted. He handed over the local armed forces he had mastered to his son Village Road and retired to the mine himself. Ming soldiers occupied Chuzhou, and he fled to Fujian. Zhu Yuanzhang hired him to Nanjing, where he worked as a field manager, managed household registration and determined taxes for the convenience of the people. Defending the state, the supply of military pay is very large, and the people do not feel tired. Promoted to Huguang, according to the investigation, it is suggested to divide the army and wasteland. In the first year of Hongwu (1368), he was named as an ancient scholar. At that time, he was the only court minister who could maintain political peace. Because of her mother's death, she was so sad that she died.