Appreciation of Du Fei's Works

"Homelessness" can be said to be the spiritual trend and final outcome of all the characters in "Abandoned Capital", especially several women, who originally lived in the countryside and belonged to the group of migrant workers who entered the city, or were born in the city, but lived on the edge of the city and came from the lowest level of citizens, and their spirits always drifted in the city without finding a home. Take Tang Waner as an example. Her hometown is Guan Yu, but she ran into Xijing with Zhou Min as a dew couple, and the affair with Zhuang butterfly was only a temporary joy, and was finally caught back by her first husband. Liu Yue, a nanny from northern Shaanxi, had to sacrifice her love for power in order to realize Tang Waner's last wish. A can, a slum woman, expressed the same psychology of three weak women after having sex with Zhuang Zhidie: "I am so excited, I want to thank you." Really, how can I thank you? " You have satisfied me, not only physically, but also in my whole heart. You have no idea how pessimistic and depressed I am. I told you that my life was over and you liked me so much. I don't ask you for anything, money or a job. With a celebrity like you who likes me, my confidence in living is reborn! "Using celebrities'" likes "to eliminate inferiority and satisfy vanity shows how pitiful and pathetic their mental situation and spiritual pursuit are. But on the other hand, don't all the so-called celebrities in their eyes live pitifully? Zhuang Zhidie abandoned her home and ran away; Gong Jingyuan was insane and committed suicide by swallowing gold; Ruan was kidnapped by the underworld and became blind; Wang Ximian was investigated by the government and jailed; Dreams are obsessed with ancient magic and cannot extricate themselves.

When the writer's ideal encounters realistic difficulties, his loss and self-exile actually represent his position. Jia Pingwa has paranoid hatred and suspicion of modern intellectuals. In the writer's view, intellectuals influenced by modern civilization have lost the spiritual foundation of traditional culture. Even if they return to tradition in the form of feedback, such return is only to find cultural interest in the context of modern civilization. The temptation and interference from outside have eroded their essence. Instead of letting them be swallowed up by reality, it is better to completely destroy them and rebuild an ideal spiritual home on the ruins. So Jia Pingwa got Zhuang Zhidie involved in the lawsuit, addicted to men and women, wrote articles for others, and even acted as the executioner of murdering friends for calligraphy and painting. In the end, he got tired of fame and tried to escape from the city, but failed. Others describe their worthless consumption and death in a cartoon-like way.

The writer wants to get spiritual salvation with a traditional literati ideal, but in the whirlpool of modern civilization, this ideal lacks realistic soil, and doubts about the rationality of modern civilization pull him to the other extreme.

"The Wasted Capital" is Jia Pingwa's view of cities and villages, men and women, external and internal from the perspective of traditional culture. Behind his rich and complicated human feelings, Jia Pingwa wants to talk about more than just the grievances of a man and several women. The collapse of ideal and the loss of value, in this era, Jia Pingwa completed his transformation, but this transformation also brought more confusion and criticism. There is a paradox between traditional culture and local complex rooted in his thoughts and urban civilization and modern civilization, and the complexity of traditional culture itself misleads the writer's value judgment to some extent. Therefore, Jia Pingwa looked at the abandoned capital and its people from a relatively narrow cultural perspective when considering the problems of cities, intellectuals and women. When this cultural support becomes the basis of his judgment, its limitations are obvious. The rejection and alienation of modern civilization, the idealized idea of intellectuals returning to historical status, and the perceptual shaping of female images have aroused heated discussions in academic circles.

Although the social criticism of "The Wasted Capital" covers a wide range, it not only describes the corruption of intellectuals, officialdom, entrepreneurs, judicature and Buddhism, but also describes the inner corruption of ordinary people in society. It satirizes society by singing songs with tattered old men and cursing the fall of cities with the thinking of old cows. However, due to the book's lack of ideals, morality, humanity, beauty, civilization, education, care and other valuable ideas to criticize the society, and the author often lingers in the taste of bad customs, the book's social criticism value is greatly reduced, and it is difficult to become a positive criticism. skill

"The Waste Capital" is the form of fable used by the author to summon the variation of intellectuals in the urban environment by means of deformation and exaggeration. Although the deserted capital is prosperous on the surface, it is a "stage where ghosts run rampant". At the beginning of the novel, an extremely abnormal phenomenon was exposed. On the streets of Xijing in midsummer, people suddenly found four suns in the sky, which laid an extraordinary tone for the whole work. Later, the novel described many ghosts, such as communicating with the ghost world, and Zhuang Zhidie's mother-in-law loved to sleep in coffins. It is this description of the abrupt environment that implies the alienation of the city; At the same time, the novel is full of ancient cultural symbols such as bronze mirrors, guqin, Buddhist temples and divination. Even the tone of the shackles is sad. "It blows away the sadness of life."

Narrative strategy

Disease narration is a narrative strategy in The Waste Capital. Zhuang Zhidie, the hero of the novel, is an intellectual with split personality. Personality split is a completely different psychological characteristic of the same person in different time and space of life. Zhuang Zhidie lives a comfortable life and ranks among the four famous people in Xijing, which is external. His spiritual essence is empty, and he can't escape the impetuousness and rancor of the city; In his heart, there lived an old-fashioned scholar who fiddled with antique calligraphy and painting and recited poems in his traditional life. But the traditional spirit in his heart can't resist the tide of modern civilization and the invasion of corruption. This double pressure caused him anxiety and dual personality: on the one hand, he cut himself off hastily: Have I fallen? On the other hand, he voluntarily gave up his literati appearance, selling literature and ink, and retired to a "typical literati who lost his integrity, morality, debauchery and wealth." Just like Dostoevsky's characters, Zhuang butterfly shows the alienation between superego and self. And all his fantasies, his coma, are to highlight his physical illness, so as to allude to his morbid soul.

In addition to the narration of physical diseases, another kind of disease narration is expressed in the hero's love view. As far as love is concerned, true love should be the attraction and dedication of two sound souls to each other. In Zhuang Zhidie's view, the ideal partner should be both Tang Waner's bohemian and Niu Yueqing's housekeeping, just like Liu Yue said, not only his wife, but also his mother; More importantly, he should be his daughter and his prostitute.

The hero's view of love in the work is chaotic. After textual research, the author's fictional protagonist "Butterfly of Zhuang" and its four daughters are all from the mixed version of Yuan Dian Xuan Wai Bian and Zhuang Sheng Meng Die, which tells the story of Taibai Venus leading the four fairies of wind, flower, snow and moon to become immortals in Zhuang Zhou. It can be seen that Zhuang Zhidie's nihility and pessimism about life are in the same strain as the decline of Zhuang Zhou. In this 400,000-word novel, there are more than 60 descriptions of "sex". The author spared no effort to render the sex feast between Zhuang butterfly and four women. The author tries to tell readers that although Zhuang Zhidie is a famous spiritual writer at home and abroad and is synonymous with culture, he is still a layman, eager to pursue the "liberation" and "redemption" of human nature in sex. But in the end, this reckless "indulgence" can't save his reputation and physical and mental dislocation. Freud's psychoanalysis holds that sexual instinct, as the human id, is controlled and monitored by the superego, and is often suppressed, imprisoned or even castrated by the superego. Desire narration is also prohibited as the expression of sexual instinct. "Language represents the social authority to control the unconscious". Jia Pingwa released the "ID" and tried to find salvation, but in the end he also understood that it was a mental disorder.