Detailed data of purple leaf dwarf cherry

Prunus mume is a deciduous shrub or small tree of Rosaceae. It is a hybrid of Prunus and Prunus, about 2.5 meters high, with purple-brown branches when young, lenticels on old branches, oval or oval leaves, red or purple leaves, red back color and medium-sized solitary flowers.

Widely distributed in China.

Purple-leaf dwarf cherry has good ornamental effect, fast growth, simple propagation, pruning resistance and strong adaptability. Purple-leaf dwarf cherry peach is generally propagated by grafting and cutting. Strong germination ability, easy to cultivate into balls or hedgerows in garden cultivation. It can be picked for many times to form many branches, and the miscellaneous branches and long branches can be cut before winter, which is ornamental for cultivation.

(Overview map reference source: China Natural Herbarium)

Basic introduction Chinese name: purple leaf dwarf cherry Latin scientific name: Prunus × cistena? N.E.Hansen ex Koehne field: Botany: Angiosperm: Dicotyledonous Subclass: Primitive Perianth Subclass: Rosaceae Subclass: Rosaceae Genus: Plum: Purple-leaf dwarf cherry (Purple-leaf plum× dwarf cherry) Namer and year: N.E.Hansen ex Koehne. , 19 18 morphological characteristics, growth environment, distribution range, propagation method, grafting, cutting, layering, cultivation techniques, planting site selection, water and fertilizer management, pest control, main value, morphological characteristics, Prunus purpurea is a deciduous shrub or small tree, with a height of about 2.5 meters and a crown width of1. Branches are purple-brown when they are young, usually hairless. Old branches have lenticels, which are distributed throughout the branches. Purple-leaf dwarf cherry leaves are ovoid or ovoid, 4-8 cm long, the apex is gradually pointed, the leaf base is wide and wedge-shaped, the leaf margin has irregular thin blunt teeth, the leaf surface is red or purple, the back surface is much red, the top of new leaves is bright purple, and the xylem of annual branches is red. Flowers solitary, small and medium-sized, light pink, 5 petals, slightly fragrant, multi-stamen, single pistil, flowering in April-May. The growing environment likes light-colored tree species, but it is also cold-resistant and shade-tolerant. If planted in a place with insufficient light, its leaves will turn green, so plant it in a place with sufficient light. The requirements for soil are not strict, but it grows best in fertile and deep neutral and slightly acidic sandy loam with good drainage, and light clay can also be used. Potted pots should be deeper and larger, with broken tiles or hard plastic foam blocks at the bottom to enhance the permeability and drainage of soil and prevent root rot. Prefer wet environment and avoid water accumulation. The distribution range originated in the United States, and 1990 was introduced into China. It is cultivated all over the country, and the northeast is mainly distributed in southeastern Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin and other places. Propagation method grafting can adopt bud grafting or branch grafting. Prunus armeniaca, Prunus armeniaca and Prunus tomentosa with a ground diameter of more than 2-3 cm are selected as rootstocks, and bud grafting is adopted in late July, and the grafting position is generally selected near the trunk of the selected new shoot. After the graft survived, it was cut off at the top of the grafted bud 1 cm when it germinated in the following spring. The branch grafting method can also be used for the propagation of purple-leaf dwarf cherry. From late March to early April, Prunus armeniaca or Prunus armeniaca, which was 1-2 years old, was used as rootstock and grafted by split grafting. Pay attention to cut off the tillers on the rootstock at any time after the grafting survives, and then transplant them in the next spring. Softwood cutting is the main cutting method of purple leaf plum, and full light fog system is adopted in summer. When cutting, pay attention to choose vigorous branches, the cutting length is about 20 cm, and soak them in 600-800 ml/L indolebutyric acid solution for 3-5s before cutting, so it is best to take root and survive. High branch layering time: high branch layering can be carried out from mid-April to early September. Because after layering takes root, it is necessary to cut off the mother tree and transplant it to the seedbed for cultivation management, so it is generally chosen in early May. Selection of Prunus humilis branches (matching with elm): generally, 2 -3 year-old robust branches with the thickness of 1.0 cm -2.5 cm are selected. Layering treatment: selecting the branch points of the branches, untwisting the side branches above the branch points at regular intervals, and carrying out annular peeling under the petiole 5 cm -20 cm below the branch points. The method is: use scissors to clamp the branch 1 circle, and use scissors to clamp the branch below the knife edge 1.5 cm -3.5 cm (depending on the thickness of the branch, generally the girdling width is 1.2 times-1.5 times the thickness of the branch, and the effect is not good if it is too narrow and too wide). Then use a brush dipped in 0.03% aqueous solution of naphthylacetic acid to smear the wound, and then wrap the wound with wet mud. Cut off the branches of the plastic bag (bottle) with plastic edge strips, take down the plastic bag (bottle) and implant it into the seedbed filled with matrix soil. Plant spacing is 60 cm -80 cm, and row spacing is 60 cm -80 cm. After planting into a "needle" shape, water is poured. High-pressure strip seedlings from the end of August to the beginning of September should be planted in high beds, and then watered enough to build a small arch shed for the winter. Water pipes are laid in the arch shed and watered once a month 1 time. Bind and bag (bottle) the strip at a distance of 4 cm -5 cm from the lower blade. Fill the bag (bottle) with matrix soil, tie the upper opening (5 cm-10 cm from the upper blade), and fix the bagged branches with ropes. Inject water from the top of the bag with a syringe, usually 4-5 days 1 time. After 30-40 days, callus will be produced at the incision and new roots will grow. After 70d-90d days, it can be cut from the mother and planted in pots or in the open field. Selective cultivation techniques of cherry blossoms. As a planting site, Viola yedoensis is not strict with the soil. It can grow normally in light clay, loam and plain sand, and grows best in sandy loam. Purple-leaf dwarf cherry is a hybrid of purple-leaf plum and dwarf cherry, so it inherits some advantages of purple-leaf plum and can tolerate mild saline-alkali soil.

Purple-leaf dwarf cherry likes light, and its leaves will be green when planted in places with insufficient light, so it should be planted in places with sufficient light; Purple-leaf dwarf cherry likes humid environment, but it is not resistant to stagnant water. It should be planted in high drought places, not in low-lying places. There is no adverse reaction when planted in lawn, but it should be noted that sprinkler irrigation should be used for lawn irrigation. The water and fertilizer management of purple-leaf dwarf cherry is drought-tolerant, and it can be watered thoroughly in early spring and late autumn every year. If it is not particularly dry, it can basically grow by the weather. It is windy and dry in spring and autumn. After the leaves of newly planted seedlings come out, spray them once every morning and evening, which can replenish water, reduce root pressure and improve the survival rate of seedlings. In summer rainy days, the accumulated water in tree pits should be removed in time to prevent the water temperature from rising and scalding the roots after sunrise.

Purple-leaf dwarf cherry likes fertilizer, and the newly planted seedlings should be properly topdressed in the growth period besides applying base fertilizer when planting. Topdressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers in early spring and early summer respectively, and then applying ring fertilizer or sesame sauce residue in late autumn. For newly planted seedlings and seedlings that lack fertilizer and grow poorly, foliar fertilization can be carried out at a concentration of 0.5%, and should be sprayed in the morning or evening. It should not be carried out at noon with sufficient light and before and after rain. It should be sprayed three times, with the interval of 10 day to 15 day.

Purple-leaf dwarf cherry is cold-resistant, and its seedlings can be painted with white trunks. For newly planted seedlings, the roots can be cultivated, the trunk can be wrapped with grass, and the seedlings can be covered with plastic film. After the newly planted seedlings are wrapped and dried in the first year, they can be painted white for wintering in the second year. Pest control of Prunus persica var. purpurea var. purpurea var. purpurea var. purpurea var. purpurea var. purpurea var. purpurea var. purpurea var. purpurea will be harmed by moth, aphid, red spider, leafhopper, scale insect, etc. Every winter, the trunks and branches should be painted as white as possible, and the eggs and cocoons should be scraped clean. In early spring, broad-spectrum fungicides such as chlorothalonil and carbendazim should be sprayed in time. If you get sick, you should treat it in time. Acacia, aphids, leafhoppers and scale insects can be sprayed with deltamethrin, and red spiders can be controlled with dicofol. The main value of Prunus humilis lies in landscaping. Li Yin's branches germinate strongly, the leaves are bright, and the leaves are purplish red from germination to defoliation. It can be planted as a whole or alone, and it is one of the best tree species for urban greening and beautification. (1) Solitary planting: Prunus humilis has bright leaves and round plant shape, which can play a central role in the landscape or guide the line of sight, and can be planted alone in the courtyard or lawn. Purple-leaf dwarf cherry (2) Cluster planting: Purple-leaf dwarf cherry is dotted in clusters in the garden green space. Purple-leaf dwarf cherry shrubs can be planted in front of light-colored buildings, or green conifers can be used as the background. ⑶ Grouping planting: Prunus humilis as the main tree species is planted in groups to form a scenic forest. The unique leaf color and posture are beautiful all year round, with a ground cover, giving people a strong sense of hierarchy. Its beautification effect is far better than pure green scenic forest. (4) Afforestation: It can be used around the city and along the banks of the river to enrich the urban landscape.