What is folk art?

What is folk art? Every piece of folk art was handed down by our elders through hard work. Most of the folk arts in China are created by the people themselves, and their creative ideas come from life. They are our precious artistic wealth. Let's take a look at what folk art is and related information.

What is folk art? 1 1.

In ancient times, playing the piano (mostly refers to playing guqin), playing chess (mostly refers to chess and Go), calligraphy and painting were the skills that literati (including some aristocratic families) must master to cultivate their self-cultivation, so they were collectively called piano, chess and books, that is, "four friends of literati". Nowadays, it often expresses personal cultural accomplishment.

1, harp

According to documents, Fuxi (2400-2370 BC) invented the lyre. Both lyre and harp are made of sycamore, which has a cavity and strings. The piano started with five strings, and later it was changed to seven strings; Twenty-five strings According to the number of strings, the size of an instrument is larger than that of a piano. The main difference between harp and harp lies in the different occasions of performance.

Piano is used to pluck in front of distinguished guests. The guests didn't speak, just watched and listened to the piano. This is a formal concert occasion. This instrument is used to play background music. Arthur was placed behind the screen, and the guests sat around the console table, chatting and eating while listening to music. This is a social occasion.

Of course, Qin and Qin can play together, with Qin in front of the stage and facing the guests. Arthur is behind the stage. Qin is close to the guest, Qin is far from the guest. Pianist or master, or beauty; The teacher can be an old man. Before the harp begins to play, there is a drum to indicate guidance. The ancient people invented and used lyre and harp in order to dredge the qi of Yin and Yang and purify people's hearts. Therefore, the harp was invented in 2400-2370 BC, in the capital of Fuxi, which is now Huaiyang City, Henan Province.

Step 2 play chess

(1) Go

According to documents, Yao Shun (2205 BC-2 BC110) invented Weiqi. Weiqi was called "Yi" in ancient times, which means "You throw one, I throw one". The name "Go" means "a game of chess in which the victory or defeat is decided by encirclement and anti-encirclement tactics". Weiqi reflects the development history of western Shandong and eastern Henan in the Longshan culture era of the Central Plains.

Weiqi is a simulation of the early history of western Shandong and eastern Henan, a historical memory in the Central Plains culture, and a way to relive the fierce contest of intelligence and strength in the past in the form of entertainment. According to ancient documents, Yao and Shun invented Go to appease their eldest sons, Dani and Shang Jun.

Because of the abdication system, they can't ascend to the throne and write the history of the country in person, so they use Go to simulate the evolution of the history of the country to satisfy their own desires. If Yao Shun lived in the place where Weiqi was born, then this place is Linfen City, Shanxi Province today.

(2) chess

Bo. Liubo chess is an ancient board game. This kind of chess is played by two people, each with six pieces. Among them, one chess piece equivalent to the king is called Xiao, and the other five chess pieces equivalent to the pawn are called San. Chess is played on a chessboard with an arc track.

Decide the number of steps in chess by throwing chopsticks. Liu Boqi, also known as Bo Xi or Lu Bo, appeared before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Liu Boqi's shape and competition method are recorded in "Evocation of the Soul in the Songs of Chu": "There are six books in chess; Cao Cao goes hand in hand, forcing each other; When you become a cockroach, you will seek it and you will be white. " Among them, "six books" is six games of chess.

Liubo chess consists of three instruments: chess pieces, chess sticks and chessboards. The two sides play chess, with six players on each side, namely: owl, Lu, pheasant, calf and stopper (two pieces). Because the military system in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was five men, one handsome man and six men. At that time, as a military training, two teams competed, each with 6 people. It can be seen that Liubo chess was a game symbolizing fighting at that time. In the game, he throws six moves and six chess moves, fights wits and wits, attacks and persecutes each other and kills each other.

Liu Boqi is the predecessor of chess.

3. Calligraphy

Calligraphy is a unique art form and a unique traditional art in the cultural circle of Chinese characters. Chinese characters were created by working people and began to be recorded by pictures. After thousands of years of development, it has evolved into today's writing. Calligraphy came into being because our ancestors invented the writing brush. Throughout the ages, Chinese characters were mainly written with a brush.

As for other forms of writing, such as hard pen, finger book and so on. Their writing rules are not completely different from those of the brush, but they are basically the same. Based on tracing the source (after Oracle bone inscriptions), this paper focuses on the law of writing Chinese characters with a brush. As long as we have a "narrow" understanding of calligraphy, it will be of great benefit to understand "broad" calligraphy.

Calligraphy in a narrow sense refers to the methods and laws of writing Chinese characters with a brush. Including writing, calligraphy, stippling, structure, layout (distribution, lines, composition) and so on. For example, the pen refers to the palm and the five fingers are Qi Li; The pen carrying center is unfolded; Stippling is the same as a pen; The structure is shaped by words and echoes each other; The distribution is intricate, the density is appropriate, and the virtual and the real are born together, and the whole chapter is full of gas fields; Every word is ancient for literacy, and every word is big and small, and high is not as good as low. Recommendation: ponytail embroidery is a popular folk art in Shui nationality areas.

"Book" refers to calligraphy. In the early days of Chinese civilization, there were Oracle Bone Inscriptions and inscriptions on bronzes. In the pre-Qin period, it was mainly carved on bamboo slips with a knife, with characters such as seal script and lower case. After the Han Dynasty, brush writing was the main writing style, including official script, regular script, running script, cursive script, song style and other writing forms.

Step 4 paint

It came into being before the invention of writing, and may also appear at the same time as calligraphy (the ancients said that "calligraphy and painting are of the same origin"). The first professional painter mentioned in the literature was Shun Di (2 162 BC-2 165438 BC)' s sister "gang leader". If "gangster" is regarded as a symbol of the emergence of painting art, then her life may be a little later, 200 years after the invention of Chinese characters. And it's hard to determine where he lives.

Painting, penmanship and freehand brushwork are two different forms of expression. Fine brushwork is neat and meticulous, drawing layer by layer, and the details are clear and nuanced. Use extremely delicate brushstrokes to describe objects. Freehand brushwork depicts the shape and spirit of an object with concise and unrestrained pen and ink, and expresses the author's feelings. Freehand brushwork painting uses generalization, exaggeration and rich association in the object of expression. Although the pen is simple, it has far-reaching artistic conception and certain expressive force.

It is necessary to have high generalization ability, implicit artistic conception that less wins more, accurate pen use, skillful and handy pen handling. These two styles of painting have existed since the Tang Dynasty. Some people are in between. They are engaged in writing. For example, in a painting, loose lines are freehand brushwork, pavilions and pavilions are meticulous brushwork, so that when the two are combined, the skills of using pen, ink and color can be exerted.

Second, the introduction of opera:

Traditional operas in China are mainly composed of folk songs and dances, rap and burlesque. It originated from primitive song and dance and is a comprehensive stage art form with a long history. From the Han and Tang Dynasties to the Song and Jin Dynasties, a relatively complete opera art was formed, consisting of literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts, with about 360 kinds. It is characterized by the collection of various art forms in a standard, which embodies their respective personalities in the same nature.

With Greek tragedies and comedies and Indian Sanskrit dramas, China traditional opera "Hundred Flowers Garden" with "Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Pingju Opera and Henan Opera" as its core has gradually formed.

There are many kinds of traditional dramas. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 360 kinds of traditional operas and tens of thousands of traditional plays in ethnic areas. Other famous operas include: Kunqu Opera, Hangzi Opera, Cantonese Opera, Huai Opera, Sichuan Opera, Qin Opera, Shanghai Opera, Shaanxi Opera, Han Opera, Hebei Bangzi, Henan Cantonese Opera, Henan Hangzi Opera, xiang opera Opera and Hunan Opera.

The artistic features of China's traditional operas;

Synthesis, virtuality and formality are the main artistic features of China traditional operas. Virtual expression, detached space-time form, people use such songs and dances to interpret stories and escape from the dullness of life. These characteristics condense the essence of traditional cultural aesthetics and form a unique view of drama, which makes drama glow with unique artistic brilliance on the big stage of world drama culture.

Traditional drama industry in China;

Playing characters in traditional Chinese opera is a unique performance system of traditional Chinese opera. From the content point of view, it is an artistic and standardized type of drama characters. Formally, it is also a classification system of performance programs with individual colors. This kind of performance system is a concentrated expression of the stylization of China traditional operas in characterization. Every profession is an image system and a corresponding performance program system. Recommended: the unique Bai folk art "overlord whip"

It has two outstanding performances: first, facial makeup should outline the face with various colors and patterns, so it is also commonly known as drawing a face; Second, the character temperament is almost rough, fantastic or heroic, so the performance requires broad and loud timbre and bold action modeling. It can be seen that the occupation not only has the connotation of personality, but also has the corresponding stylized expression, which is the unity of image types and programs.

Because the inherent characteristics of characters' thoughts and feelings in traditional Chinese opera must be externalized from the program and refined and standardized, all kinds of programs such as singing, reading, doing and acting have a certain personality color. After a long period of artistic tempering, some artistic images with similar personalities and their corresponding performance programs, techniques and skills gradually accumulate, converge and are relatively stable, which is the formation of the industry.

When an enterprise is formed, its accumulated performance plan can be used as a means to create a new image. This cycle, continuous creation and development, has promoted the gradual enrichment and perfection of the commercial system. It can be said that this performance system is the result of shaping the image of traditional Chinese opera performances, and it is also the starting point of image re-creation.

Life, Dan, Jing and Ugliness all have their own image connotation and a set of different procedures and rules. Each line has a distinct expressive force and formal beauty.

What is folk art? 2. What is folk art? 1. Qinqi calligraphy and painting.

Now few of us are proficient in piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, but in ancient times, this was one of the skills that every lady had to master. Qin, chess, calligraphy and painting represent guqin, chess represents Weiqi, books represent calligraphy, and paintings represent ink painting, each of which can reflect the very long history of our country.

What is folk art? 2. Opera.

There are many kinds of operas, such as Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, xiang opera Opera, Qin Opera, Pingju Opera, Han Opera, Fujian Opera, Kunqu Opera, Huangmei Opera and Ancient Painting Opera, among which Beijing Opera is still very popular.

What is folk art? 3. Shadow play

Shadow play has a very long history and originated in Shaanxi. It is the earliest art of moving shadow painting in the world. Many people say that the current power supply is based on this idea.

What is folk art? 4. Clay sculpture art

Clay sculpture art is based on soil and kneaded into a favorite shape, which can be a figure or an animal. China's clay sculpture art has a very long history, and the famous clay sculpture art representatives include Tianjin clay figurine Zhang and Dunhuang grottoes colored sculptures.

What is folk art? 5. Paper-cutting.

Paper-cutting is one of the most representative folk arts. It has a long history and is not subject to geographical restrictions. You can see it in many places. In the past, people's lives were not so rich. Paper-cutting is a great pastime for people. People convey traditional culture and connotation through paper-cutting.

What is folk art? 6. Puppet

There are many kinds of puppet shows, which can be divided into puppet shows, puppet shows, medicine shows and Tiezhi shows according to different performance forms. They have a very long history and spread all over the country, such as puppet shows in Zhangzhou, Quanshou, Chaozhou, northern Sichuan and western Liaoning. So far, they are very famous.

What is folk art? 6. Weaving technology.

Weaving technology is also a folk art that can often be seen now. As early as the Qing dynasty, it was very common, and there were many kinds, including wicker weaving, sorghum straw weaving, bamboo weaving, metal weaving and so on. Knots, in particular, are very unique in shape and very representative. It is no exaggeration to say that anyone who has been here will know this knot.

What folk arts are there? Acrobatics

Acrobatics is the oldest folk art, which existed as early as the Stone Age and became popular in the Han Dynasty. Most of our acrobatics have been handed down from generation to generation, and some people even say that practicing acrobatics is very hard. All acrobatic practitioners respect teachers and attach great importance to the skills handed down from generation to generation, no matter how hard they work, they must pass them on.

What is folk art? 9.kites

Flying kites is the favorite pastime of modern people. It can not only exercise, but also breathe fresh air. There are kite festivals in many places. The earliest kites were made of wood, and later they were modified by Lu Ban to become multi-line kites.

What folk arts 10, dragon and lion dances?

Dragon and lion dances are still very popular in many places, because the ancients thought that dragon and lion dances can play a role in exorcising evil spirits and avoiding ghosts, so this art will be used to entertain people during the Chinese New Year holidays. This kind of folk art has a history of 1000 years, which is very representative and the best preserved folk art.

What is folk art? Folk arts include traditional embroidery, folk printing and dyeing, national brocade, clay sculpture, dough sculpture, puppet art, paper-cutting art, shadow play, sculpture art, etc. Folk art refers to works of art, handicrafts and decorations made by ordinary people who have not received formal art training but have mastered established traditional styles and skills. A country or region may produce a typical folk art.

Folk art is put forward according to the concepts of academic art and literati art. In a broad sense, folk art is an art created by workers to meet their own life and aesthetic needs, including folk arts and crafts, folk music, folk dance and opera.

Folk art in a narrow sense refers to folk plastic arts, including various forms of expression of folk art and arts and crafts. According to the classification of materials, folk handicrafts are made of different materials, such as paper, cloth, bamboo, wood, stone, leather, metal, noodles, mud, ceramics, grass willow, rattan, paint and so on.

Judging from the mode of production, folk art is handed down from generation to generation by taking one family as the production unit, with fathers passing on their children and teachers leading their disciples. From the functional point of view, it includes not only folk art works with ornamental and spiritual pleasure, but also utensils and decorations with practical and use functions.