Mizhi township tourist attractions

The ancient post road in Chama, Wen Sheng Street, is arranged according to local conditions and the mountain, which breaks the architectural style of square composition and clear axis. Roads (roadways) are arranged along with the rugged mountains, and houses are combined according to the terrain. Most of the residential houses are "three squares and one wall", "four entrances and five patios" and "quadrangles", and there are also "one" courtyards with civil structures and blue tiles roofs. Houses are built on the mountain and generally consist of principal rooms, wing rooms, wing rooms and wing rooms. The main building is built on the mountain, which is higher than the wing and the wing. In front of the main building is a wing, and on both sides of the mountain are wings. Before liberation, most of them were thatched roofs of wooden houses, but now 98% of them are civil structures and tile roofs. According to traditional customs, the master room belongs to the father, the noodle room belongs to the mother, and the wing room belongs to the children. Wen Sheng Street is designed as a street, and the ancient stone road is laid out according to the mountain situation. There are main streets, lanes, ditches and culverts, and the streets extend along the ditches. Staggered height, similar to the market town in the south of the Yangtze River, and close to the characteristics of the town, is unique, such as a charming landscape painting, which is a perfect coincidence of nature and man-made, and can be called a major feature of the architectural style in plateau mountainous areas.

2. Kuige (also known as Kuixing Pavilion)

Located at the north entrance of Wen Sheng Street, with the blue tile cornice and the red bolt (now exposed) hanging on the top floor, the plaque of Kuixingge is simple and solemn. It sits facing south, with the door open, four ancient steps, all the way to the platform at the bottom of the building, which is composed of long and ancient edges. Stepping into the high threshold, there is a clay sculpture in the pavilion. This statue stands upside down with one foot, fights with one foot on stilts, holds hands high, raises pen and inkstone respectively, and makes a circle with eyes open.

Mizhi Town is dotted with majesty and solemnity, symbolizing the assessment of literati. Legend has it that he is the Kuixing God who is in charge of selecting Confucianism in the imperial examination. This is where the idiom "take the lead" comes from. In the imperial examination era, the person who was hailed as the top scholar is now used to describe the person who ranked first in the exam. Standing in the attic, you can see Wen Sheng Street, Mizhiba and the village in the east from the window. The bamboos, peaches, willows, tamarind trees and gardens around the attic, together with the attic, form a lush and idyllic natural picture.

3. Tuzhu Temple

Thirty meters west of Kuige, there is an antique building with a courtyard, three squares and one wall. Although the gate is simple, it does not lose the elegant style of ancient buildings. Entering the gate, the yard is full of flowers and trees, competing for beauty. Flowers and trees are planted on a large flower platform about three meters long and one meter high, and half of the yard is covered with Mujin trees. Lagerstroemia indica is taller than the courtyard wall, and it is dazzling with colorful flowers. There are three south wing rooms and three north wing rooms with balanced layout. There are all kinds of clay statues carved in the lower hall, and there is one in the middle, which is said to be a land statue to protect one side's peace. In ancient times, sacrifices were often made here, and incense continued. In the Qing Dynasty, Wen Sheng Street used this temple as a private school. The teacher is Mr. Li Yuanyang, a tribute student from this street. At that time, Li broke the feudal stereotype that men taught women not to teach. Students accepted both sexes and taught loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, love, courtesy and joy. Many old people in their eighties and nineties are at school now. The old man said that whenever he carried water or passed by the temple, the sound of reading often came from it, which made people stop. It adds a cultural flavor to Wen Sheng Street and spreads cultural seeds. After years of wind and rain erosion, it has lost its former glory. Except Ziwei, the house has been broken and used for other purposes.

4. Wengong (now Yonghe Complete Primary School)

Located on the west side above the Tuzhu Temple, it is about 100 meters from the small slope paved with stones on the west side of the main gate of Tuzhu Temple to the slope head, that is, the site of the flat land in front of Wengong. Climbing up seven steps, I entered the gate of Wengong, which is a courtyard with two wells. In ancient times, it was a courtyard with traditional art and architectural style. The main courtyard is a one-hall, three-room building, and the East Gate Building. It is a civil building with a three-story brick-concrete structure. It is a traditional building designed and built by Liu Jing 'an, a "great carpenter" in Wen Sheng Street. This building is tall, beautiful and strong. There are three rooms in the north wing, including living room, office and dormitory. The side door in the north corner is a small courtyard with an open courtyard, tile roofs in the west and south, and walls in the east and south. This courtyard is not only a garden leisure place, but also a classroom and studio. There are two osmanthus trees in the main courtyard, one in the north is Jingui, and the other in the south is Yin Gui (who died later). The main hall is the Confucius Temple. Climb the hall along the ten stone steps, with colorful columns on both sides, dragon coils, carved beams and painted buildings on the roof, and different patterns and colors. The screen door in the corridor in front of the temple is carved with ancient folk story characters of dragons, phoenixes, lions, tigers and various flowers and birds. Landscape images are different, exquisite and lifelike. In addition to the statue of Emperor Wenchang, there is a memorial tablet of Confucius carved with sandalwood on the shrine of the main hall. There is a pair of couplets on each side, telling the life and achievements of Confucius: "Virtue and heaven, the ancient and modern way, the deletion of six classics, and the loss of the constitution forever." During Confucius Day, many teachers and scribes of the gentry came to this temple to worship and sing hymns. This ritual commemorative activity naturally disappeared after liberation. The Art Troupe has been renamed many times, and the school's "Centennial Primary School" with a long history has trained many talents. Many of the students studying here have become the backbones and backbones of all walks of life in the country, such as industry, agriculture, commerce, learning and the military, and some of them also teach in universities, middle schools and primary schools. Some work in state organs at the provincial, state, city and county levels; Some people hold military posts in the army to defend national security. The literary palace of reverence and teaching has now truly become a blessed place where peaches and plums are fragrant, thriving, educating people and rejuvenating the country.

5. Niejiama Store

Located above the ancient road of Wen Sheng Street, 0/00 meters away from the village committee/kloc. Niejiama Store was the largest horse store on the ancient tea-horse road at that time, covering an area of 3,200m2. From the plane layout, it is a quadrangle with civil structure and blue tile roof. The principal room consists of principal room, wing room, face room and wing room, with wings on both sides. The walk in the yard is 0.8 meters long and 80 meters long. There are five rooms on both sides of the aisle for customers to rest. Backyard, from the functional point of view, the horse shop has complete facilities, which is worthy of being a relatively prosperous horse shop at that time.

6. Yangjiagui Flower Shop

Located on the ancient road of Wen Sheng Street, it is named after a big osmanthus tree with a diameter of about 0.3m, 10m in the courtyard. This is Madian, which occupies the largest area (4000m2) on the ancient post road. The house layout is patchy, with complex structure. There are rooms in the house, and the roadway surrounds the house layout, with a length of 1 10m and a width of 3m.

7. Ancient stage

Located on the ancient post road, civil structure, two floors. The walkway is located in the center of the whole platform. There are stairs on both sides to get up and down the stage. The stage is decorated with carvings. Upstairs is the performance area, and downstairs is for makeup preparation. Backyards are for people to live in. It covers an area of 450 square meters. The ancient stage is a gathering place for cultural exchange and appreciation of opera art, and businessmen often gather here to appreciate the local culture and the fatigue of the journey.

8. Shijianong College

Located in the middle of the ancient post road, the whole courtyard is "three sides and one wall", with a small courtyard in front, the gate through the hall and then into the second door to the backyard, and the layout is three steps, forming a rich and elegant quaint style. With the help of De Ju 'a, the Shi family moved from Nanjing to Wen Sheng Street in Mizhi, which has a history of more than 300 years ... In this courtyard, all the old people surnamed Shi attach great importance to "farming and reading", with a strong style of writing and strict family education. So talented people came forth in large numbers, and students were everywhere, and they were awarded the plaque of "Tai Student". There were four college students in the Qing Dynasty, including more than 20 modern college students, and a group of intellectuals such as Shi Shaocheng, Shi, Shi Tiancai and Shi Xingcai, who were praised by the villagers as "chicken nest" and "cultural compound" in the bamboo forest.

9. Yin's former residence

Yin was the leader of the early underground organization and the collector of the folk song Running Water. He also lived in the center of Wen Sheng Street, with a civil structure and a blue tile roof, with a length of 30.2m, a width of11.6m and an area of 350.32m2.. Due to historical factors, some houses are uninhabited and need urgent repair. With the support of party committees, governments and departments at all levels, the preliminary work of the project has been completed.

10, Zhou Jia roadway

The trunk road is 420 meters long, and a branch road connects the Zhangjia, Daijia and Yangjia courtyards to the entrance of Wen Sheng Street, with a length of 1 100 meters. A branch road passes through Zhangjia Dachang and reaches Dean Li Yuchi and Li Family 300 meters away. Roadways are like chicken intestines and a "maze". According to the layout of the house, the buildings on the ancient post road are integrated and the households intersect. The ancient design concept of this road is also to resist the invasion of foreign enemies and facilitate resistance or concealment. Therefore, the profound roadway culture has become another highlight of tourist attractions.

Lijia compound 1 1

This hospital covers a large area, and the building structure is standardized. It is connected with the single-family courtyard in the south and enters a gate. Four houses are fully built, and the north and south wing rooms are sound. This yard is east-west, and the main building is east-west. According to the field investigation of its wood structure and wood texture, it was newly built in the late Qing Dynasty, and some purlins and carvings were degraded. All rooms in the hospital are double eaves, and the veranda (commonly known as Xiamen crotch) has been decorated and utilized since the eaves column, leaving only about 60cm along the ridge. Courtyard The courtyard is very large, with a length of 10 13cm from east to west and a length of 9 13cm from north to south, which is basically square, so the courtyard is "one letter".

12, Biyun Temple

Formerly known as "Feilai Temple", one of the revolutionary bases, it is an ancient Buddhist resort, located on the hillside behind Wen Sheng Street, with beautiful scenery. It sits west facing east, standing in the middle of Cooper, Li Tao and Guilin, with terraced fields in front, Meijiajing with dense ancient trees below, Miaoshan in Da Qiao with beautiful green cages in the south, Phoenix Mountain with vast pine forests in the front and Renhe Li (new village) in the front. Biyun Temple is a religious complex, built along the Shanxi side, with Zhaobi, Daxiong Hall, Gong Zu altar and Jade Emperor Pavilion on the west side. The "Hall of Great Heroes" is a single-eaved building with a bucket arch under the eaves, and the bucket arch and eaves are beautifully carved. The main statues in the temple are "Sakyamuni" made of brass and "boudoir" made of ebony, and the rest are more than 20 statues of Taishang Laojun and Confucius, forming the religious belief of three religions under one roof. There are halls on the east and west sides of Daxiong Hall. The south wing is the ancestral hall, followed by the vegetable garden, and the west wing is the guest room, followed by the garden. There are dozens of flowers such as ancient camellia, magnolia, pine and cypress in the park. The circular pool is about 10㎡, and there is a rockery in it, which integrates sightseeing and amusement. The east and west rooms of the main hall and the main entrance are both double-resting-hill-hall buildings, solemn and simple, and patchwork. During the folk Sun Festival and Yang Guang Festival, there are many pilgrims, and during the 15th day of the first month, Wen Sheng Street weaves dragon lanterns here.

13, water mill, water mill, water mill

Located at the foot of Yu Di Mountain at the southern end of the street, it is 0/00 meter away from Xiaolangpo/kloc. Creation date cannot be verified. Its structure and function of benefiting generations of predecessors are still indelible in people's minds. It uses the diversion of Yaxi River from Yakouzi (Xingfu Village) as the power of rice milling, milling and slicing. The whole building is divided into three floors. Like a multi-storey building, the upper floor is a big roller with a big round stone trough inside. The stone mill rotates through the waterwheel below and is transmitted to the shaft, which drives the stone mill to rotate along the stone trough to crush the rice grains. The rice milled by the drum has good luster and the rice grains are not broken. In a large family with many people, most of them go to the mill to grind rice, and the mill is connected below it. Is to continue to use the water flowing down from the mill to rush into the water tank of the mill and drive the shaft to push the mill to rotate and grind. The types of ground noodles are: wheat, barley, buckwheat, sorghum, broad beans, peas, corn and so on. The next floor is the mortar house. The water flowing from the mill is used to guide the big water wheel of the mortar house to rotate through the water pipe, so that the square plate on the water axle slaps the mortar tail, thus starting the mortar stone to scour the particles in the mortar nest. There are four cymbals, and the use of cymbals is more flexible. Four pieces are needed in Gu Duo, and one, two or three pieces can be used according to the situation, which is suitable for all families. Wensheng Street, an agricultural product processing workshop consisting of grinding, grinding and grinding, not only reduces the labor intensity of people rushing to grind before electric grinding, but also benefits some villagers near this street. Although this three-purpose processing workshop has become history, the wisdom and creativity of the predecessors who used water resources scientifically to serve production and life at that time were deeply missed and admired by the people behind Wen Sheng Street.

14, Pearl Spring

Located at the southernmost tip of Wen Sheng Street, it is famous because compared with most large and small wells in other villages and towns, it has the following characteristics: First, it has the characteristics of rural garden architecture. The well is located in the place where green grass and willow trees are in the forest, next to the swift Yaxi River, with green trees and willow trees swaying on both sides and smoke curling up. Pearl spring is embedded in a pearl on the river bank for ten days. The well is written and consists of strip-shaped front stones. The depth is about three meters, and the four sides are 2.5 meters long. The well fence is paved with a long front stone, and men and women carrying water walk along the slate in a balanced way. Secondly, the water quality is pure. Underground natural mineral water is warm in winter and cool in summer. It's clean, sweet and refreshing. It is used to make tofu, bean powder, sweet rice wine, pickles and so on. , with the best appearance color and quality, sweet taste. It is favored by all secret markets and consumers at home and abroad. The water quality standard meets the requirements of domestic and foreign indicators. Third, the amount of water is large. Throughout the year, water rushes from the bottom of the well to the surface like a string of pearls. In the drought year, it won't dry up, but it nourishes the descendants of Wen Sheng Street from generation to generation with its endless spring water.

15, Phoenix Bridge

Accompanied by Pearl Spring, it is one of the most famous ancient bridges on the ancient post road. This is the design style of oriental country gardens. The length of the bridge is about 14 meter and the width is about 2. 1 meter. The bridge deck is all made of feldspar strips with a width of 0.4m.. The sides of the bridge are protected by stone pillars and railings. It was rebuilt in the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1862). Named "Wild Goose Wings", it truly embodies the morphological connotation of "Fengqiao", which not only plays a decorative role, but also conforms to the mechanical principle, and fully embodies the talent of skilled craftsmen at that time. In order to protect the ancient bridge, the local people built a modern reinforced concrete bridge on the east side of the ancient bridge, new and old, old and new, which reflected the development of the times and respect for history. At the northern end of the bridge, there is a big pagoda tree with shade like an umbrella, which is full of fragrance in the flowering season. On the west side of the mesa of the bridge, there is a large unicorn stone carving with its back facing east and west, weighing 1,000 kilograms, with a height of 1.8 meters (including the base) and sitting with its head held high (not a lion, a tiger or a unicorn).

Wen Ming Pavilion 16

Connected with Phoenix Bridge, formerly known as "God of Wealth Pavilion", it was built in the 1940s. It is a pyramid-shaped roof with two eaves, with a total height of about 9.8 meters and a bottom height of 2.8 meters. The north-south trend of the ancient post road is a remarkable symbol of the ancient post road.

Intangible cultural heritage

1, rice fat lantern

The secret lamp has a long history and can be traced back to its source. It originated in Nanzhao period of Tang Dynasty. According to historical records, Emperor Taizong of Li Shimin governed the country, selected talents and used his energy to make the country prosperous and secure. According to legend, for the sake of Li Cuilian's wrongful death, he once went to the underworld to investigate the actions of a cult in his life. After Emperor Taizong returned to his grandson, he held a 7749-day land and water Dafa meeting as a Dojo to heal all kinds of bitter spirits. Before Dafa, a group of people who are good at singing and dancing and love singing and dancing were organized. Men, women and children wear makeup, sing and dance to welcome the "lamp god". In order not to be seen by others, Emperor Taizong asked Prime Minister Wei Zhi to whitewash his eyes, nose and mouth, and put on a black robe and fishtail hat. Today, the role of "Lamp God" is called "Old Interrupt". During the Land and Water Dafa, people sang, wrote, performed, put on lanterns, danced lions and dragons. This is the origin of the legendary lantern.

Legend has it that in ancient times, the Empress of the Eastern Palace and the Western Palace stabbed a Bigfoot woman playing with lanterns with a bamboo stick, which angered the Bigfoot Queen of the Eastern Palace, and the two palaces went to war. Nishimiya subordinates were hunted to Mizhi Taiji Peak. In an emergency, some soldiers jumped out of the canyon. In desperation, the emperor learned the truth and issued an urgent order to harness. The rest of the Xigong returned to Midi, singing and celebrating. It was the fifteenth day of the first month when lanterns were put on. This is the origin of the Lantern Festival on the 15th and 16th of the first month in Mizhi.

In fact, from a historical point of view, the secret lamp is the crystallization of cultural exchanges between North and South. Mizhi is an important throat area in history. An ancient post road running through the north and south passes through the dam. Convenient transportation not only promotes the development of local economy, but also promotes cultural exchanges. After the battle of Tianbao and the two battles of Nanzhao, 65,438+10,000 stragglers were left here. These people not only brought the advanced agricultural production technology in the north, but also brought the rich and simple Yellow River culture. During the Hongwu period in the Ming Dynasty, Hou's Dingxiling campaign in Xiping, as well as military, folk, commercial and Xinjiang immigration activities in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, brought many touching and euphemistic Jiangnan cultures. It is precisely because of the cultural exchange and integration from south to north that Midu Mizhi Lantern has absorbed the essence of North and South cultures extensively, and its performance forms are flexible and changeable. In a wide range of singing, local folk songs with unique local genres, aria, tunes and performances with unique local styles are integrated.

Judging from the era and title of the "Lamp God" memorial tablet, the related grand event originated not later than Nanzhao period in Tang Dynasty. "The lamp starts from the Tang King, and the play starts from the Tang King's memory". The procedures of Lantern Festival are generally divided into receiving lights, lighting, covering lights, making lights and unloading lights. The procession is in order: flat lamp → lion → moon lamp, barrel lamp → dragon → Xiaoqi girl → vase lamp → woman with white nose and big feet. The lantern team set up a parade in front of the lantern tablet, and the white nose walked in front of the team holding the lantern tablet. The parade is the same as when it was connected with the lantern god. Everyone sings, dances, plays with lanterns, and meets the lantern god at the entrance of the village, which is opposite. The content is to summarize the situation of the lantern team playing with lanterns and pray for the blessing of Lantern God for one year. The lion's head tore off the light spots on the lion and dragon, cut off a little "fur" on the dragon and burned it with the memorial tablet of "Lao Lang Shen". Take off the skins of "dragon skin" and "lion skin" and put them away. From now on, the team is not allowed to play drums, sing lanterns or make any noise. All quietly returned to the place where the lamp god was worshipped, and all kinds of costume props were counted and packed together and no longer used. At this point, the whole Lantern Festival is over. A well-organized team must pray for peace and success before taking the lantern team to the meeting, and before offering the memorial tablet of "Old Lang God", that is, "Lamp God". All the village lantern teams have to make lanterns in front of Mizhi Temple. According to the old artist, all the lantern teams will attend the meeting here, because the biggest Mizhi God is enshrined in the temple. On the way, the lantern team mainly performed "crossing the street lamp", that is, jumping and singing while walking. Perform the tune "Crossing the Street Lamp" in "Lantern Minor". Before and after arriving at the temple, the lantern team mainly performed "group lanterns" and "dustpan lanterns". Young and old, young and old, they entertain themselves and show their abilities. The "female dragon" danced by women, the "male dragon" danced by men and the "doll dragon" danced by children all showed their talents in the light field. Yungaotai in Xunbu Village is a special scenery (only performed in leap years).

2. Dripping River

"Running water" comes from rice fat. The songwriter Yin, male, 1924, is from Mizhi, Midu County. He recalled one night in the spring of 1947 when he wrote this song, and said, "The wonderful melody of herding sheep reminds me of the moon, deep mountains, forest wind and winding rivers in my hometown, so I chose the title of Moonlight. Jiang Xun, editor-in-chief of Yun Da Jiao Sing, suggested that it is better to use "Streaming Water". After this song was published, it gradually spread. "

1945 After the "December 1st" patriotic and democratic movement, Yunnan University successively had two choirs composed of revolutionary youths-Haha Choir and Nanfeng Choir. After the spring of 1947, "A River of Drops" was sung in these two choirs. 1953, when Huang Hong participated in the national folk song and dance performance in Beijing, he changed the original duet into a solo and sang this song. Later, he sang this song at the World Youth and Students Festival in Budapest. Later, Shi adapted it into an orchestra, which was sung in many countries by the General Political Art Troupe, and "A dripping river" wanted to grow wings, became famous today and spread all over the world.