Classical Chinese translated by my husband

1. Lv Congyuan translated classical Chinese; Lu Huaishen is a native of Slippery State, about a noble family in john young. His grandfather, Lu Zun, was appointed as the magistrate of Lingchang County, so he became a native of Lingchang County. Lu Huaishen was already extraordinary when he was a child. His father's good friend Han Siyan lamented: "This child's talent is not * * *!" When he grew up, he became a scholar and served as a consultant. During the dragon period, he was promoted to counselor. Zhongzong went to Shang Yang Palace to meet Wuhou, and Wuhou wrote him a letter. Lu Huaishen remonstrated: "In the past, Emperor Gaozu was an emperor and went to Liyang Palace once every five days to meet the squire. Because he ascended the throne from Buyi, he owned the world and attributed the honor to his father, so he did so." What's more, yingtianmen is only two miles away from Xiangmen. You can't ride in a row, and you can't ride in parallel. It often comes out from here. If a fool invades the driver, it's too late to blame him. I think we should honor the queen mother in the inner court to avoid the trouble of going in and out. "Zhong zong didn't listen. He was promoted to Zhong Cheng in the right censorate. The last chapter states the politics at that time, saying, "I heard that good people continue to govern the country. "You can overcome cruelty and avoid being killed." Confucius said, "I am in charge of state affairs. One year is almost enough, and three years will be very fruitful." So Shangshu said: "Assess your political achievements every three years, and then decide to promote, commend or dismiss after three assessments." In the past, Zichan was the prime minister of the State of Zheng, reformed the law, and issued a punishment book. In the first year, everyone was angry and wanted to kill him. Recently, the state secretariat, the long history Sima, and the county magistrate of Gyeonggi moved officials in one or two years, or three or five months, regardless of their political achievements. In this way, people who don't move the official listened attentively, stood on tiptoe and rushed forward without shame. How can they declare corruption and pensions for your majesty? Etiquette can't be implemented, the registered permanent residence is more dispersed, the warehouse is more and more scarce, and the people are getting worse and worse, all of which are the reasons. People know that they haven't been an official for a long time, so they don't listen to his teachings. Officials know that the day of transfer is not far away, so they don't try their best. The title and stealing security are used to develop their qualifications and reputation. Although Mingjun has the ambition to rule the world diligently, the road of luck has been opened, and the upper and lower sides are deceiving each other. How can we be as open as possible? This is a national disease. What Jia Yi said about varus soles is a minor problem. The disease can't be cured, even if there are famous doctors. Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, assessed birthright and made great efforts to manage birthright, which led to the trend of ethos. Ba Huang was an excellent satrap. Xuan Di gave him gold to increase his rank and commended his achievements on the spot, but he finally refused to move him to an official position. Therefore, he was an official in ancient times. In this way, it can continue to future generations. I request the viceroy, the secretariat, the long history Sima, and the county magistrate of Jixian County to serve for less than four years, and they cannot move their posts. If the governance is particularly excellent, you can add the rank of salary officer to the horses and chariots, send envoys to express condolences, and write letters to encourage them. You can only be promoted when there are open vacancies to encourage those who are talented and capable. For those who are incompetent or greedy and tyrannical, they can avoid officials and return home. Only 100 officials. The number of officials in Xia and Shang dynasties doubled, and talents can still be appointed. " This means reducing the number of officials. Therefore, it is said that "officials don't have to be all, only talents." Don't neglect the official position, food is the first thing for the people. "I'm talking about the selection of talents here. Now there are dozens of times more foreign officials in various lawsuits in the capital, which is unprecedented in modern times. If a person can do his duty on his behalf, he will probably do nothing. However, hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on wages every year, which exhausts the national treasury in vain. Is this the original intention of seeking treatment? At present, the people's strength is extremely weak, and the expansion of the Yellow River Weishui water transport is not enough to supply the capital. The private losses of public officials are countless, and the border is still not calm. If the flood and drought disasters become disasters, the tax revenue decreases, the enemy alert appears on the border, and the grain reserve for relief is less than one year, what will your majesty use to solve the crisis? " Don't use the people's power easily, which will put people in danger; Don't stand still, because it's dangerous. " This means being cautious. Looking at these foreign officials, they are all talented and good officials in the world. Is it true that since ancient times, talents have been promoted but failed to play their role, respected by fame but failed to do their best? I request that talented foreign officials who can serve as local governors or spin doctor be promoted together, so that they can contribute to the local government and their achievements can be assessed by the imperial court. If the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled can't serve, everything will stop and the sages will be completely separated from the shameless. This is the urgent task at present. Fighting for power and profit, accepting bribes, bullying the weak and fearing the hard are the evils in political affairs. I saw officials inside and outside the court. And officials who killed civilians were exiled and demoted, but they were soon promoted back and still served as local governors. They were appointed in Jianghuai, Lingbiao and desert areas just to give a rough expression of punishment and condemnation. They give up on themselves, so that they are greedy for money, regardless of their health and have no intention of changing. A wise monarch should share the benefits equally with all things, and govern distant places with guilty officials, which is tantamount to giving a traitor a favor and abandoning the people far away. Ethnic minorities and China people live together in border areas. They are far away from danger, easily disturbed and difficult to settle down. If the Chief Executive is incompetent, civilians will be exiled and become thieves. From this perspective, ordinary people do not have it, let alone cunning officials. I request that those who have been suspended for taking bribes should be dismissed in less than a few decades, so they should not be given employment. The history books say that "distinguish between good and evil" is the truth. The children didn't answer. He was promoted to assistant minister of Huangmen, awarded uncle of Yuyang County, and Wei Zhigu was in charge of election affairs in Du Dong respectively. In the first year of Kaiyuan, they were appointed as both Wei Zihuang Men Pingzhang. Three years later, they were replaced. At this time, another imperial edict ordered Zihui and Huangmen provinces to verify the facts. Lu Huaishen and Yao Chong said: "Wang Xiantong's crime is very clear. If all the suggestions can be doubted, how can others believe them? "So the case is settled. Lu Huaishen thought he was not as talented as Yao Chong, so he went to work.

2. A guest who likes Buddhism always overwhelms the other person with Buddhism every time he talks with others, and proudly thinks that he has unique opinions.

Liu Ji said to the guests: "In the past, Lu people could not make wine, and only people in Zhongshan country could make wine for 1000 days." . Lu people want Zhongshan people's way of making wine, but there is nothing they can do.

There was a man who was an official in Zhongshan country and was in charge of wine making. He took some distiller's grains and soaked them in Lu's wine, saying,' This is the wine of Zhongshan country!' Lu people drank it and thought it was Zhongshan wine. One day, the owner of Zhongshan National Hotel came and heard that there was good wine, so he wanted to drink it. As soon as he entered, he spit it out and said with a smile,' This is wine made from distiller's grains! Now you can show off to me with Buddhism; But I'm afraid the real Buddha will laugh. You only learned some dross.

3. The translation of the classical Chinese "Going Private" (probably translated) Jin Pinggong asked Qi Huangyang: "Nanyang lacks an official, who is suitable?" Qi Huangyang replied: "It is suitable for solving foxes."

Gong Ping said, "Isn't Xie Hu your enemy?" A: "You asked (who) is suitable, not (who) is my enemy." Gong Ping (Zan) said: "Good!" Just hire an understanding fox.

People in Beijing all praised Xie Hu's appointment. After a while, Gong Ping asked Qi Huangyang: "The country lacks an official in charge of military affairs. Who is suitable?" (Qi Huangyang) A: "Wu Qi is suitable."

Gong Ping said, "Isn't Wuqi your son?" (Qi Huangyang) replied: "You asked (who) is suitable, not who my son is." Gong Ping (praising again) said, "Good!" , and then appointed Wuqi.

People in the capital unanimously praised the appointment of Wuqi. When Confucius heard this, he said, "What Qi Huangyang said is really good! (He) recommends outsiders, does not (emotionally) exclude his enemies, recommends his own people, and does not (for fear of being suspected) avoid his son. Qi Huangyang is selfless. "

4. Wu's translation of classical Chinese and his answers to the original text.

Wu, Luzhou tooth will also. In Yuanhe, Wang Chengzong rebelled and Wang Shijia. Although Lu left the army historically, he was close to thieves. At that time, God's strategies and practices were similar to those of Shi Jun, and they were all related to history. Martial law was imposed that day, and no one dared to move. Xianzong rewarded his work, awarded Ruf Sajima, moved to Huaizhou Secretariat, and served as our special envoy in the three cities of Heyang.

Huai and Cai will be invited to suppress it with heavy yin and still cut Li Heyang in Ruzhou. Since the capture of Huaixi for three years, Zhong You and Li have fought hundreds of battles, even Yuanji's punishment. Just add the right servant of the proofreader and it will become a cliche. Cai will have Li Duan and Li Duan crossing the Wei River. His wife was tied to a tree as a thief and ate to death. She called her husband and said, "Good deeds are all taken by servants." It's so popular.

(selected from Old Tang Biography 1 1 1)

translate

Wu is the tooth general of Luzhou. During the Yuanhe period, (the eldest son of Wang (735 -80 1), then commander-in-chief of Qidan Chengde (Zhengding, Hebei) army, succeeded by the son of German commander-in-chief Wang Shizhen (759 -809)) Wang Chengzong rebelled against the imperial court, and the imperial court sent troops to crusade. Lu Shuai (Zhao Yi, our special envoy) Lv Congshi has sent troops, but secretly exchanged news with Wang Chengzong. At that time (eunuch left), Tu Tu Chengcui of Shence Army Battalion was very close to Lu Congshi's army, so he and Wu planned to arrest him in Lu Congshi's camp. On this day, Wu imposed martial law, and Luzhou's army did not dare to make a move. Reward Wu's contribution, make him Sajima, the capital of Lu State, and promote him to be the secretariat of Huai State, and concurrently serve as our ambassador to the three cities of Heyang.

(Later) it coincided with the crusade against Huaizhou and Cai Zhou (rebels in both places), ordered Wu (leading the army) to approach the rebel border, and then placed Ruzhou as Heyang (he saved his life). In the three years since the imperial army captured Huaixi, Wu and Li (the loyal and righteous army) have both opposition and cooperation. After 100 battles, Wu Yuanji was finally killed. Wu was appointed as the right servant of the proofreading minister, and later transferred to proofreading. At that time, there was a rebel (Wu Yuanji) in Cai Zhou named Li Duan. He crossed the Ganjiang River and surrendered to Wu Yinzhong. His wife was caught by a traitor and tied to a tree and starved to death (cut her meat into small pieces and eat it until she died completely). (Li Duan's wife) shouted to her husband before she died: "Serve Wu's servant!" This is how Wu won the hearts of the people.

5. Translation of classical Chinese: Tu, a young man in Huaiyin, insulted the book and said, "When you grow up, you must bring a sword, and you will be afraid of your ears." The humiliation of the people said, "faith can die and stab me;" Can't die, come out from me. " So everyone in Beauvoir laughed at the letter and thought it was timid.

Trust the country, ... Call a teenager in bring disgrace to oneself and make him think he is Chu. Tell the general: "This brave man is also. When you insult me, I'd rather not kill evil? The killing is nameless, so here it is. "

A young butcher in Huaiyin abused Han Xin and said, "Although you are tall and like to wear swords, you are actually a timid person at heart!" They humiliated Han Xin and said, "If you are not afraid of death, you will stab me to death; Climb out of my crotch without fear of death. "At that time, Han Xin watched it carefully for a long time, lying on the man's legs, and then lying on the ground. People around laughed at Han Xin and thought he was timid.

Han Xin returned to Huaiyin (later the King of Chu), ... summoned the young man who insulted himself and let himself pass through his crotch, and made him the lieutenant of Chu. Han Xin said to the civilian military commander, "This man is a strong man. Why didn't I kill him when he insulted me before? Because you can't be famous if you kill him, you have to bear the burden of humiliation. This is you today. "

Historical records. Biography of Huaiyin Hou

6. When Qi Jinggong was in office, it snowed heavily for three days, and Gong Jing was sitting on the steps of the palace in a white fox coat.

Yan Zi went into the palace to meet Gong Jing and stood for a while. Gong Jing said, "strange! It snowed heavily for three days and the weather was not cold. " Yan Zi replied, "Is it really not cold?" Yan Zi smiled.

Gong Jing said, "I heard that ancient sages knew that someone was hungry when they were full, that someone was cold when they were warm, and that someone was suffering when they were at ease. Now the king doesn't know the sufferings of the people! " Gong Jing said, "That's right! I listened to your teachings. "

So he ordered clothes and food to be sent to people who were hungry and cold. Order anyone who sees a hungry person on the road, don't ask him where he comes from, see a hungry person in the park, and don't ask him which family he belongs to. Patrol the country, collect statistics, distribute figures, and don't give names.

Two months' relief food is given to those in service, and two years' relief food is given to those who are sick. Confucius said, "Yan Zi can understand what he should do, and Gong Jing can do what he likes.

Sun Shuai became the prime minister of Chu, and officials and people from all over the city came to congratulate him. An old man, wearing linen mourning clothes and a white mourning hat, finally came to offer his condolences. Sun Shuai adjusted his coat and hat and came out to meet him. He said to the old man, "The King of Chu doesn't understand that I have no talent. People came to congratulate me on becoming a senior official like the Prime Minister. Only you come to mourn. Isn't there anything to teach me? " The old man said, "Have something to say. Those who are rich but arrogant to others will leave him, those who are in high positions but use their power without authorization will be disgusted by the king, and those who are well-paid but dissatisfied will hide there. " Sun Shuai bowed to the old man twice and said, "I sincerely accept your advice and want to hear the rest of your opinions." The old man said: "the higher the status, the more modest the attitude;" The bigger the official position, the more cautious; The salary is already very generous, so you shouldn't ask for extra property. If you strictly abide by these three rules, you can govern the State of Chu. "Sun Shuai said," You're right, I will definitely remember them! "Words:

Ling Yin (yǐn): the official name of Chu State, equivalent to the prime minister.

Country: refers to the capital.

H: My condolences.

Coarse clothes: wear hemp mourning clothes.

Corruption between the government and the people means being a prime minister, which is a modest statement.

Unscrupulous: you can't do it, there is no virtue.

Affected part: The disaster is hidden there.

Yi Yixia: The more you look down on yourself.

Small heart: it means you can't be too careful. Benefit more.

Full text keywords:

Sun Shuaizheng (doing, serving) Chu Lingyin, and officials and people from all over the country came to congratulate him. There was an old father (old man) who wore coarse clothes (as a verb, wearing a hat) and a white crown (as a verb, wearing a hat) and later died (originally it meant "condolence" and here it meant "mourning"). Sun Shuai was well dressed, and (on the surface) saw it, saying that his old father said, "The king of Chu didn't know that his ministers (auxiliary words, unintentional) were greedy (immoral), and his envoys were (scolded) by the officials and the people, and everyone congratulated them, but his son was left alone." Father's Day: "Yes. Those who are already expensive and proud (arrogant to others) will go (leave, abandon), those who are already high and good at power (exceed their authority) will hate (hate), and those who are already rich (generous) and dissatisfied will suffer (disaster) (hidden). " Sun Shuai bowed down again (twice) and said, "I respect your life and hope to hear about it." Father said: "The official position has been high (more), the official benefits are greater, the heart benefits are smaller (the more careful), and Lu is generous and does not take it. If you keep these three things, it will be enough (enough) to cure Chu! " What three pieces of advice did Sun Shuai take from his elders?

The original answer: 1 is already high, but the meaning is getting better.

2 the official benefits are great, but the heart benefits little.

3 Lu is too thick to handle.

Summary answer: 1 High status, more humble mentality.

You should be more careful when you are old.

The salary is very generous, but you should be more cautious and dare not ask for it.

What kind of character is Sun Shuaio in this article? Can you sum it up in your own words?

He is an open-minded person.

(2) Being in a high position and being strict with yourself, and being able to grasp yourself correctly and soberly.

People who always think of the interests of the people and the country.

What's the difference between "old father" and "one country's officials and people" in dress and action?

He wore white clothes and a white hat. "Officials and people of a country" came to congratulate him, but "father" warned him.

Add an example related to Yan Na.

Example:

1, Emperor Taizong accepted Wei Zhi's kind words and created a prosperous era of "Zhenguan rule".

2. Liu Bangshan accepted Sean's good words, defeated Xiang Yu and unified the world.

3. Zou Ji satirized Wang Qi's incompetence. This article is selected from Shen in Shuowen. When Sun Shuai became the Lingyin of Chu, officials and people came to congratulate him, but an old man came to offer condolences. Sun Shuai was not angry, but more polite. There are two strange characters written here: one is the ordinary people who dare to collide with the new Lingyin and "speak insolently"; One is a senior official of the court. In the face of the "rudeness" of ordinary people, he can be polite and accept his words with an open mind. These two strange images are in sharp contrast and set each other off. The purpose of "fun" is naturally to highlight Sun Shuai's modesty and due diligence as an official, as well as his ability to listen to the opinions of others, even ordinary people. Because of this, Sun Shuai is Chu Xiang and has made great achievements. Sun Shuai 'ao's way of being an official can also be used for reference today. The author wants to tell us that an official should be modest and prudent and be able to listen to other people's opinions.

practise

1. Explain the addition of words in the following sentences:

(1) The officials and people of a country came to congratulate ()

② Rear hanging ()

(3) Sun Shuai is dressed, see it ().

(4) High status, good meaning ()

2. Translate underlined sentences in the text in modern Chinese. People who are already expensive and proud go there, people who are already high and powerful hate them, and people who are already rich and dissatisfied suffer from them. )

3. In the above "coarse clothes", the former "clothes" is interpreted as "wearing" as a verb, and the latter "clothes" is interpreted as "clothes" as a noun. Please find words with similar usage in the above article.

Reference answer

Second, 1. ① All. 2 condolences. (3) manufacturing ... correct. The more, the more. 2. If you become a big official and bosse others around, people will abandon him; The monarch will hate him for his high position and prestige; If the salary is generous and not satisfied, disaster will befall him. 3. Crown with white crown.