Techniques, methods and precautions of cuttage seedling raising

Techniques, methods and precautions of cuttage seedling raising

1, cork cutting

2, hardwood cutting

3. Environmental conditions

Cutting, also known as cutting, is a common propagation method for cultivating plants. You can cut off stems, leaves, roots, buds, etc. (called cutting in gardening), or inserted into soil and sand, or soaked in water, and then planted after taking root, making it an independent new plant. In agricultural and forestry production, different plants have different requirements for cutting conditions. Only by understanding and adapting to their needs can we achieve a higher reproductive success rate.

The methods of seedling cutting can be divided into two categories: softwood cutting and hardwood cutting.

1, cork cutting

Softwood cutting refers to the cutting method of using semi-mature branches of the year as cuttings in the growing season of seedlings, which is mainly suitable for evergreen and semi-evergreen woody flowers. Such as camellia, rhododendron, Ligustrum lucidum, osmanthus fragrans, Podocarpus, Photinia rubra, Taxus chinensis, Pittosporum, Rose, Cedar, Cypress, etc. For individual deciduous trees with difficulty in rooting, such as ginkgo biloba, it is also appropriate to adopt the method of softwood cutting. The specific operation method of softwood cutting is: in the vigorous growth season of seedlings, the semi-lignified branches of that year are cut and divided into two to four sections (one leaf or a pair of leaves is one section), each section is about 10 cm, with 1-2 leaves left at the top and 1-2 leaves removed at the lower part. For tree species with large leaves, such as camellia, osmanthus fragrans, heather, etc., the leaves can be cut off according to 1/2, and then the lower ends of cuttings are cut into oblique angles, and then the cuttings are tied with dozens of ropes. Finally, the cuttings are evenly pasted with soil mixed with clean loess, bactericide, rooting agent and water, and after the soil is slightly dry, they are cut on the prepared seedbed. Softwood cutting requires the seedbed soil to be fine, soft and flat, at the same time, weeds and other impurities should be removed, and the soil should be sprayed, disinfected and insecticidal. The cutting depth is about 5 cm. Sprinkle water after cutting, spray pesticide on the seedbed once after the water drops on the cutting leaves are dry, then insert bamboo bows, cover with plastic film, insert some bamboo bows and cover with black shading net. Film and sunshade should be fixed. The bamboo bow supporting the sunshade net is higher than the bamboo bow supporting the film by 15cm ~ 20cm to prevent the heat of the sunshade net from reaching the film and scalding the seedlings.

At this point, the cutting work has been completed.

Always check the nursing seedbed after cutting to see if the film and sunshade covered by the seedbed are bitten by insects and rats and blown away by the wind. Uncover the film and sunshade net every 15 days or so, spray pesticides to sterilize and kill insects, and then cover the film and sunshade net. If the seedbed soil is found to be dry, sprinkle some water before spraying, and then spray pesticides after the leaves are dry. Generally, after uncovering the film for 2 ~ 3 times, the cuttings have taken root and survived, and then they can be sprayed once every 1 ~ 2 months. After the cuttings survive, you can consider uncovering the film. Before formally uncovering the film, it is necessary to choose rainy days, first uncover the film at one or both ends of the seedbed and let the seedlings ventilate for a few days, and then completely uncover the film. After uncovering the film, the sunshade net still needs to be covered. For the seedlings cut in the first half of the year, the shading net can't be removed until late autumn, because the seedlings can't stand strong light. It is particularly worth mentioning that both Ligustrum lucidum and Ligustrum lucidum are susceptible seedlings, and the film should be uncovered in time. Generally, about 20 days after transplanting, about 90% can take root, and then the seedlings are tempered and uncovered. After uncovering the film, spray bactericide once to prevent disease, once every 7 ~ 10 days, and then spray for 3 ~ 4 times.

Softwood cuttings are usually carried out from mid-late May to early July in the first half of the year, and from mid-late August to mid-late September in the second half. Nurseries planted in the first half of the year should pay attention to prevent high temperature burns and diseases. The seedlings planted in the second half of the year should pay attention to heat preservation and antifreeze in the middle and late stages. The time to open the sunshade net is165438+1late October, and the time to open the sunshade net in dry years can be extended to 65438+late February.

2, hardwood cutting

Hard-branch cutting refers to the method of cutting thick branches that were completely lignified in the previous year during the dormant period of liquid flow in early spring from February to March. This method is mainly suitable for deciduous trees such as crape myrtle, hibiscus, grape, poplar and willow. Some evergreen trees can also be cut with hard branches, such as oleander. Attention should be paid to raising the soil temperature and controlling the temperature in the shed in early spring.

In a word, whether it is softwood cutting or hardwood cutting, we should do a good job of disinfection of cuttings and soil, and control the temperature, humidity and light of seedbed. In addition, in order to improve the survival rate of seedling cutting, some measures should be taken to promote rooting.

Measures and methods to promote the rooting of seedlings;

First, pay attention to the selection of branches: first, select branches from the base of young trees or big trees for cutting. These branches are rich in nutrition and strong in cell activity, which is conducive to survival; Second, try to choose the time of pruning in the morning or cloudy day. At this time, the branches are full of water and have strong physiological activity, and the wounds heal and take root quickly after insertion. Third, don't cut the branches that are about to bloom and just bloom, because such branches will consume a lot of nutrients in the body and are not conducive to survival.

2. Treatment of cutting wound: sticking plant ash or soil with bactericide on the cutting base wound to be inserted can form a protective film on the cutting wound to prevent the loss of moisture and nutrients and the invasion of germs from the wound.

Third, promote rooting treatment.

① Soak in clear water, such as warm water at 30℃. This has obvious effects on cedar, five-needle pine, walnut and persimmon. Because this tree contains tannin, a biochemical substance that inhibits rooting, it can be discharged by soaking it in clear water and changing water many times. Furthermore, soaking in water can enhance the activity of cells, especially warm water can enhance the activity of enzymes in branches and promote rooting. The method is to tie the cut cuttings into dozens of bundles with rope and soak them vertically in clear water for 8 to 12 hours.

2 supplement nutrition. After the cuttings are cut from the mother, there will often be insufficient nutrition in the body, which will affect its rooting and germination. Soak in 5% to 8% white sugar solution for several hours (various plants have different tolerance to white sugar solution. Once the leaves are found to be discolored and scorched, they should be taken out immediately and washed with clear water). After the cuttings absorb sugar, they can supplement nutrition.

(3) Soaking cuttings with plant growth regulators can break dormancy and enhance cell activity, and the effect is also very significant, especially for plants that are difficult to take root. Because of the different sensitivities of various plants, the demand and tolerance for plant growth regulators (hormones) are also different. Too high a concentration will inhibit rooting. Therefore, when using plant growth regulators, it is necessary to strictly control the concentration and soaking time of the solution and operate according to the packaging instructions of the purchased drugs.

All kinds of seedlings (flowers and trees) have different requirements for environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, light, etc.) due to different origins. ) when cutting. This is the result of long-term adaptation of organisms.

1. Requirements for temperature: Generally speaking, tree species (mainly evergreen trees) originated in South China, such as camellia, rhododendron, osmanthus fragrans, Podocarpus, Taxus mairei, Gardenia, Ligustrum lucidum, Boxwood, Jasmine, Ficus microcarpa, Nerium oleander, Pittosporum, Michelia, etc. The cutting requires a relatively high temperature, and the suitable temperature during the day is generally 25℃. Tree species (mainly deciduous trees and semi-deciduous trees) originating in the north, such as willow, poplar, pomegranate, crape myrtle and grape, have low requirements on temperature, and the suitable temperature is generally 20℃~ 25℃ during the day and 15℃~ 20℃ at night. It is more important to control the soil temperature in seedbed than the air temperature in shed, especially for hardwood deciduous trees in early spring. If the soil temperature is low and the air temperature is high, the upper leaves will grow fast, but the lower leaves have not taken root, so it is difficult to survive.

2. Humidity requirements: Tree species native to humid areas, such as willow, banyan, rhododendron, yew, camellia, gardenia, etc. A relatively high humidity is required. Therefore, these trees should pay attention to increasing water and moisturizing during the survival stage of cutting; However, tree species native to arid areas, such as Chimonanthus praecox, Lagerstroemia indica, pomegranate, heather, grape, Chinese rose and Ligustrum lucidum, require relatively low humidity, especially when cutting twigs, such as Ligustrum lucidum, Lagerstroemia indica, Chimonanthus praecox, pomegranate, Chinese rose, france holly, etc., in the growing season, the soil humidity and air humidity in the shed should not be high, otherwise the cuttings will be moldy and rotten quickly.

3. Requirements for light: For positive tree species (mostly trees, but also some shrubs), such as cedar, ginkgo, osmanthus fragrans, oleander, pomegranate, crape myrtle, Ligustrum lucidum, heather, pittosporum, rose, jasmine and grape, the shading rate of seedbed should not exceed 50% when cutting, and only cover the seedbed with a thin shading net. It is a negative and semi-negative tree species (mostly shrubs and ground cover plants), such as camellia, rhododendron, Podocarpus, Gardenia, Taxus, Daphne, etc. When cutting, the shading rate of seedbed should reach 80%, and it should be covered with dense mesh shading net.