Zheng Ziyin's masterpiece

Group of Shanxi rush, nine flags in front of the building.

The sky enters the rattan gorge with the Tao, and people fight for the tiger and leopard gate.

In the past, Liu Bing flew here, and in six years, Guizhou capsized.

There are no ordinary trees in the yellow heart, and the empty stream moves to Shi Gen.

Tonggang

The moon is on the top of the mountain, and the green falls on the lake.

I went back and forth, hardly meeting anyone, showing off your clothes and feeling cold.

Handan

When we arrived at Handan Song and Dance Theatre, the bus station built a wall with grass.

Young people get married when they are old, and watch the sunset alone in the spring city.

Baishui Waterfall

Thousands of feet has nowhere to go, and the Milky Way wants to go to heaven.

Narcissus smiled. Momo happened to write my music through the canal.

In Kowloon, the Buddha bathes in snow and shines on the sky, and five swords hang on the wall and frost icebergs.

Beauty's breasts are smooth, and the goddess wears a bead bag.

The beauty of the article was avoided and turned into smoke from half to less.

Silver-red shadows drink the valley, and the heavenly horse goes down silently.

The foam dust breaks the soup and boils the pot, and the financial disk ripples in the pool.

Baishui Waterfall is amazing, occupying the landscape caves in central Guizhou.

Without two immortals, Su Li and Jiang Yue, who can explain the sea breeze?

The spring breeze blew on the waterfall pavilion, and the mountains and valleys were once dreamlike.

Wash your ears by hand. The difference is like white water.

Wang Wan

Go to the late ancient plain, leisurely and comfortable in spring.

Yun Lan is a bird catcher and a green rice walker.

The water is calm before autumn, and the mountains are new after rain.

Duxi has ten rooms and nine poor families.

Benefiting from experience, I left Xuanwei and entered Dongchuan.

Walking out of my office is more like living in my office and worrying about different things.

Every tree stops in the village, stays there, sleeps with cows and plays with them.

Last night, the flea met the flea today, and the fly in front met the fly behind.

Xudong Ren crossed the East China Sea, and Dongchuan saw its function.

Yunmenchong

The prison river drives white clouds and flows into the Black Dragon Gate.

Door height 1000 meters, depending on the weather.

Within a hundred paces, water and stones spit and swallow each other.

A Fang's works are full of music, which is a great success for Niu Ben.

The aftermath is blue, and anger is uncontrollable.

If the eyebrow water is a virgin, the spring breeze blows the green skirt.

The door was opened and the garden entered Hua Qian Village.

After traveling for two days, I became a strong traveler in a foreign land.

No matter what year it is hung up, the letter makes sense.

As soon as the setting sun reflects, the trees fall to the roots.

The old bat holds a stone flower, and the wheel is red and bright.

Sigh the wonders of mountains and rivers, bend down and follow nature.

If you want to hit it off, just wait and see. During Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, the situation in Guizhou was generally stable. Due to the order of Governor He Changling, the wind of compiling local chronicles rose. Zunyi, Guiyang, Dading, Xingyi and Anshun have outstanding achievements, among which Zunyi is the highest. In Zhang Zhidong's list of 25 rare editions of Qing Dynasty local chronicles and Fuzhou county chronicles, Zunyi local chronicles, Fenzhou local chronicles and Jiaxing local chronicles are also called the three outstanding local chronicles. Liang Qichao thought in Local Records, the total achievement of scholars sorting out old studies in Qing Dynasty, that among the Records of Ruo Cadres carefully written or consulted by famous Confucian scholars, the Records of Zunyi Prefecture written by Zheng Ziyin and Mo Zikai was the first official record. Zhang and Liang's comments are enough to show that Zunyi local chronicles are recognized as first-class local chroniclers in China.

Zunyi is located in the north of Guizhou, between Sichuan and Guizhou. Due to continuous development, farming civilization has gradually matured. In the past six or seven hundred years, Zunyi has compiled many local chronicles. Although the picturesque Zunyi Army in the Song Dynasty and the chronicles of the military and civilian governments in Bozhou, Bozhou, Zunyi County and Zunyi in the Ming Dynasty have been lost, it shows that the tradition of compiling chronicles has been well inherited and carried forward in Zunyi. In the sixth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1728), Zunyi Prefecture was transferred from Sichuan to Guizhou. During the Qianlong period, Chen Yuchao, the magistrate, successfully introduced tussah from Shandong, and the silk weaving industry rose rapidly. The produced "Zunyi Poplin" is exported to other provinces, and the tax paid is half that of the whole province. Strong economy has laid a solid foundation for the development of Zunyi culture and education. The timely "beach culture" has cultivated many talents, among which Zhengzhen and Mo Youzhi are outstanding representatives. Zheng and Mo Erjun, who were well-read and knowledgeable, disdained to stick to (eight-part essay), turned to study and wrote rich books, and finally became famous, and were praised as "Southwestern Confucians" by later generations. During the Daoguang period, Yin Shan Pinghan came to be the magistrate. Seeing Zunyi's "land of thousands of miles" is not a small apology, and there are no signs of endless years; If you are not dead, you are the son of wax. Although the classics are published, there are no children's voices in one or two miles; Forty-eight people were tried in the province, and the county won more than a quarter. They shouted, "What's different about Zhongzhou now?" Later, I thought, "Today's respect for righteousness means today's government governance", so I hired Zhengzhen and Mo Youzhi to compile it. Soon, Ping Han left for some reason, and his successors, Zhang Ying (the father of Zhang Zhidong) and Huang Lezhi, "worked hard for three years and worked tirelessly" (see Ping Han's Preface to Zunyi County Records).

Zhengzhen and Mo Youzhi began to compile records in the 18th year of Daoguang (1838). At this time, it has been more than 200 years since Sun, the magistrate of Zunyi, compiled Records of Zunyi Military and Civilian Government (hereinafter referred to as "Records"). Twenty-two volumes of Sun Zhi have been lost, and only the first half of the manuscript has been preserved among the people and destroyed by the war. In the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), the imperial edict of the Qing Dynasty was used to compile records, and Chen Xuan, the magistrate of Zunyi County, replaced the provincial magistrate to supervise the compilation of records of Zunyi military and civilian government (hereinafter referred to as "Chen Zhi"). Due to time constraints, Chen Zhi was written in thirty-two volumes in a hurry (only three months), almost copied from Sun Zhi, which is actually a prevarication. 150 years without any record. The difficulty of compiling records can be seen here. At that time, Zheng He didn't know what to do. Zhengzhen later recalled: "At the beginning of the discussion, the cover was at a loss. Pay attention to it for a year, and then you will know every county with Sun Zhi, Chen Zhi and Cao Zhi. Another year, I learned about the ruins of the monument and the old records and events left by families. You know what can't be restored is the first draft. The manuscript lasted for several months (preface to He Changling's Zunyi Mansion Records). It can be seen that there are very few ready-made materials for Zheng and Mo to use, and most of them are collected from the "monuments and servants and the old things left by various families". In order to make the data accurate and credible, Zheng and Mo also cited nearly 400 kinds of books for textual research, which took more than two years and only took several months to write the manuscript. The preparation is so heavy and the time is so short that the degree of hard work of Zheng and Mo's colleagues is self-evident. In the twenty-first year of Daoguang (184 1), with a history of more than two thousand years, * * * sets 48 volumes, accounting for 800,000 words, and the whole history of one side is published.

Zheng and Mo are very few scholars, but Zunyi County Records is unique because of its profound knowledge and rigorous style of study. Here are some points:

First, the content is detailed and the textual research is detailed. It took Zheng He Mo more than two years to collect a lot of information. Because of the disorder, the two gentlemen spent a lot of energy to study the Committee, carry out detailed textual research, discard the false and retain the true, discard the rough and select the fine to be suitable for employment. Huang Lezhi said in the preface: "Cite more than 400 kinds of predecessors, investigate their origins and seek truth from facts. However, although the old saying is uneasy, although I am in the class of Historical Records and Sangjing, I also try to correct the author's mistakes. People feel stupid, if they disdain. " Zhou Tingshou (Military Strategy) also said in the preface: "According to the history books, exhaust its source, join the delegation to argue with it and record its reasons. Complexity does not hurt redundancy, simplicity does not involve inheritance, and it is a stroke. There are rules and regulations. " The purpose of quoting materials is not to show off knowledge, but to seek truth. Zheng and Mo made a serious textual research, and even the works of famous artists dared to correct them, not avoiding the suspicion of arrogance. Therefore, the Records of Zunyi Prefecture not only corrected many mistakes in some ancient documents and Guizhou Tongzhi, but also enriched the historical materials lacking in previous local records. As (the judge) said: "Make the mountains and rivers of counties in Guizhou have a line since the Han and Wei Dynasties; Looking back now, I am old again, so that everything before the Tang Dynasty in Guizhou can be quoted in half, and it is more than just a book! "

Second, do not attack old habits and have a novel style. The Annals of Zunyi Mansions and its style are not only imitating one family, but only chasing the root and chasing the end. The content is set according to the facts, which depends on summarizing the history and present situation of a mansion. For example, there are no "Zhang Chen" such as imperial edicts and sacred metaphors before the chronicle, but there are "local officials", "Mu Zheng" and "Keng Ye" in the chronicle, and there are "miscellaneous notes" and "old books" after the chronicle. In addition, before the text of Quan Zhi's Order No.33, there was a passage that summarized the gist and was later called the preface. These brief prefaces are concise and colorful, and they are the epitome of Zheng He's theory. For example, the preface to Illustration says: "Modern works have quite lost their original purpose, painting places of interest and uncovering scenery, as if they were based on their affairs. This is a criticism of the practice of grabbing the main landmark and uncovering ten scenic spots and eight scenic spots. The preface to "Star Field" said: "All counties and countries see Kang Cheng, and future generations are sincere. "Honesty, that is, Mr. Feng Shui's heresy, how can it be credible? The preface to "The Story of the Stone" says: "It is quite a legacy to search for hidden pickaxes in poverty and ruin temples in barren rocks. The lack of literature depends on this foundation. "The function left by the stone is clear at a glance. "Nature" preface says: "ambition carries things, but not music. Anything that is common and has nothing to do with testing can be counted. "Of course, you don't have to record things that have nothing to do with the exam. "Preface to Official Achievements" said: "The Song Dynasty is a county book, which is a record of official achievements. Ji Xian is not violent, and Zhang Zhizhi is a chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, which is different from literature and history. "This is criticism of the song people don't speak evil words. The preface of School says: "Knowledge is created for the school, and then passed on to the text. Confucius Temple was founded, so the establishment of Zunyi School, the extension of Lin 'an in Emperor Wen of Sui, and the construction of Qiantang in power were carried out simultaneously. "Zheng and Mo regard the establishment of Zunyi and the development of Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) and the construction of Qiantang as simultaneous events, which is of great significance.

Third, attach importance to the economy and care about people's livelihood. In the past, some local chronicles valued humanities over economy, and recorded agriculture, industry and commerce closely related to people's livelihood, which were often recorded as "food goods", but the language was unknown. Some even forgot, but Yu Tianfu was afraid of missing something. This is for the government to collect taxes. The records of Zunyi Prefecture are different. Agriculture, mulberry, property, wood administration (exclusive to the royal family) and pit metallurgy (mining) each account for one volume. Agriculture, mulberry and property are particularly long, and the production technology, such as soil classification, grade and what to plant, is introduced in detail. Identification and feeding of cattle and production and use of farm tools; The planting and collection of crops are described in detail; A complete set of operation procedures of stocking, reeling and weaving of wild silkworm and silkworm are introduced in detail. It can be said that this is a summary of the production experience of Zunyi working people. The volume "Agriculture, Mulberry and Product" can be called "Agricultural Administration Encyclopedia" or "Fauna and Flora" of Zunyi, which is of practical significance for guiding production and developing economy. In addition, Zunyi County Records also describes the prosperity of handicrafts and commerce: "The sound of textiles is endless, and the shadow of oak forest is endless. When the neighboring villages meet, they talk about the geometry of spring silk and autumn silk, and the seeds are good. " The rise and development of the silk industry attracted "Qin Jin merchants" and "Chu-Yue giants", and a large number of silk products were sold all over the country, so that "in the name of silk, Zhongzhou competed with Wuling and Jin Shu for prices" (see Volume XVI of Zunyi Prefecture Records), which reflected the budding reality of Zunyi capitalism and was very valuable. It is self-evident that Zheng and Mo used clever brushwork to expose tyranny and pay attention to people's livelihood in the volume of Wood Policy. The so-called "wooden administration" is actually a tyranny that specializes in purchasing precious giant trees for the royal family. The preface first accused the Ming and Qing Dynasties of "wasting people's wealth", then copied the records of predecessors, added a little note, and arranged the records of wood mining according to time. The cruel face of the timber policy was not exposed, but the editor did not praise it or criticize it. A historian's pen is absolutely remarkable.

Fourth, be realistic and not afraid of criticism. In the past, some historians often indulged in praising the so-called "three generations of prosperity" and thought it was an "ideal country". According to the historical reality of Zunyi, Zheng and Mo confirmed that there was no trace of "prosperity" in the ancient Zunyi area, but an authentic "savage gang", and everything was in a backward state. During Yang's reign, several generations of chieftains, such as Yang charm, promoted social progress, but they still did not get rid of the "barbaric wind". Therefore, Zheng He Mo never mentioned anything. But if something really happens, it will be completely recorded, and even if criticism strikes, it will be handled calmly. Although the people recorded in the chronicle have passed, their descendants, relatives and friends are mostly in the local area. Therefore, the details and taste of the narrative are quite unsatisfactory, which will definitely offend people and lead to right and wrong. Before the book was written, mocking voices were heard from time to time. And Zheng he mo did not bow his head, still straight. After this book was written, Zheng He was insulted and caused a storm. Mo Youzhi's "To the Complete Book of Wan Xin" talked about this matter: "Obeying criticism is inevitable at first, especially unexpected, but it comes from this ear ... It is the greatest humiliation to say that there are barbarians in the place, and the people who write books are the most despised. One said, where are the sacrificial gifts for weddings? Why not keep it a secret! Otherwise, it is not allowed to judge his marriage by a biography or descendants and a biography. That's all: "A few people make a fuss about the above details. First secretly discuss, and then spread around to incite, "one person advocates, and everyone talks about peace; Taking the ear as the eye, the country is crazy. A house robbed without clouds is a city where people will gather to fight. The chicken ribs of two scholars are also safe in public! And what guests do, don't go near hooligans. " These villains are aggressive and try to fight. Zheng Ziyin said in "Two Poems with Love" that "submission is gradually accused, and everything should be good and self-sufficient" and "Haicheng sees it and the world frowns and listens to it", which shows their valuable spirit of seeking truth from facts and not bowing to evil.

5. Character, moral character and performance. Anyone who has done good for the people, regardless of the position, will record his own affairs. During the Qianlong period, Chen Yuchuan, the magistrate who introduced wild silkworm from Shandong and made Zunyi rich; Liu Zhao, the magistrate who founded Xiangchuan Academy; Xu Jieping, an official of Zhen 'an Prefecture who taught mulberry to raise silkworms, was praised in the volume of Official Merit. Yang charm three, Yang Jia, Yang Yuanxian, Yang and other figures who attach importance to the economic development and cultural and educational development of Yang Tusi not only have special biographies in Local Officials, but also are included in Official Achievements. According to local records, Jia Zhen and Yang, who gave Zhu Yuanzhang land, were listed as "official achievements". Yang Yanli once surrendered to the rebels of the Yuan Dynasty. Zheng and Mo thought he was "full of respect, full of sorrow and fierce", while Yang "had nothing to say, so he took the lead in joining the ranks and insulting the toilet". Both of them are not qualified to be classified as "official achievements", so they are "broken today" in Zunyi County Records. As for Yang Yinglong, a scum who killed the people and sent troops to rebel, he repeatedly made mistakes and severely criticized him. Another example is the thirty-five years of Qianlong. In the year of drought, Tongzi County ordered Hu to blackmail the people, and the hygienist Li Yuanfeng and other 24 people signed a letter, calling on the people to collect everything. As a result, the magistrate and 23 students were executed. Zheng He-Mo told their stories, showing sympathy for students and hatred for corrupt officials between the lines, and objectively exposing the cruelty of feudal criminal law.

Six, elegant writing, vivid narrative. Zheng He and Mo are both poets and prose experts. They are familiar with the stories and stories of the previous generation, so they write prose with ease. Elegant writing and vivid narration can always make people enjoy the beauty. In Miscellaneous Notes, there is a poem "Fairy Ball" which reads: "Celebrities send home in the spring. Spring is full of flowers, as big as chrysanthemums, with dense calyx, red and purple, and the color is true of You Mei. Guizhou Siyin is productive, but it will not be born when it moves to other places. " How gorgeous and lovely the unknown pear flowers in Shan Ye are depicted! "Lusheng" wrote: ... whenever Miao men and women jump on the moon. Male blowing sheng is the front lead, and the female ring responds; Holding hands, turning around and circling, each has its own queue. "What a vivid Miao painting. Some words describing mountains and temples are not only rich in literary talent, but also full of deep affection for the country. Such as "Red Granite" in "Mountains and Rivers" and "Li Zhiyi in the East of the City". Under the flat, the white tiger head is called, and the Xiangjiang River is steep. On the same day, the head did not fall, the evening wind shook red, and four stones were found: five bridges competed for crossing, and the dyeing truss closed red; There are thousands of rooms, and the dusk is endless. Every time I look at the battlements, I can't bear to leave. " Another example is "Xiangshan": "In the southeast of the city, there is a Dade Temple to protect the country. There are grotesque rocks facing Hunan, and the stones are particularly thin. Thousands of ancient trees, clear yin and clip diameter; Quiet wind leads to fine dust. Sitting and lying on a hot day, the sun shadows are broken, birds are singing and flowers are fragrant; The human environment is silent, and suddenly the world is also. " There are also some biographies of people, which are also written in twists and turns and vivid images, which have the charm of Taishigong.

Due to the limitation of the times, there are inevitably mistakes in Zunyi Fuzhi. However, flaws do not hide Yu. Zunyi Fuzhi is still a historical work with high academic value, and it is a masterpiece of more than 8,200 kinds of local chronicles in China. Beach culture has rich cultural achievements, including academic research and literary creation, as well as monographs on agronomy, geography and medicine. It absorbs the essence of China traditional culture and the advantages of foreign culture, and has regional characteristics. Judging from the content, many works are described and studied with local places of interest and customs. For example, Records of Zunyi Prefecture (edited by Zhengzhen and Mo Youzhi) and Ode to Guizhou National Heritage (Li Shuchang) are local historical records; "Agricultural altar" (Li Xun) and "Cocoon Manual" (Zheng and Mo) are the experiences of local agriculture, aquaculture and handicraft technology. Boya (Truth), Biography of Wild Poems (Mo Youzhi) and Biography of Guizhou Poems (Mo Tingzhi, Li Ruqian and Chen Tian) are the summaries of local poems. As for the poetry works of Tan literati, most of them are related to Guizhou's affairs: or writing stories of local people (epitaphs, biographies, etc. ); Or describe the local landscape and describe the folk customs; Or reflect the local social status quo, and so on, all with a strong flavor of Guizhou mountainous areas.

Many beach cultural achievements are in the leading position in the country. For example, The Records of Zunyi County was rated as "the best in the world", and its philological monographs "Shuowen Xinfu Kao" and "ShuoWen Zi" were recognized by academic circles as the highest-level works of its kind, and the newly compiled "Ci Yuan" mostly referred to Zheng's research results. There are many original ideas in The Classic, Notes of Yi Li and Notes of The Analects of Confucius, which are highly praised by the times. Zhao's bibliography monograph "A Brief Catalogue of Lu Ting's Brief Biographies" has been praised as "a treasure in the pillow" by bibliographers. His book "The Origin of Rhyme" was adopted as a reference book of liberal arts university.

Zheng Ziyin and Mo Youzhi were the main leaders of Song Poetry Movement in Qing Dynasty. Zheng Ziyin's Poems of Nest Classics was praised as the "ancestor" by Tongguang Poetry School. Hu Xiansu, a former professor at Soochow University, commented: "Zhengzhen is outstanding because he has the crown of the Qing Dynasty. Throughout the ages, except for Li, Du, Su and Huang, few poets can go further than them. " Regarding Qian Zai's poems, Qian Zhongshu, a famous contemporary scholar, said: "If Yuan Zicai's life can become the poems of Cheng Chunhai and Zheng Ziyin, it would be shameful, and the pioneers can't win!" In the development of the Song Dynasty, Qian Zai was compared to Chen Sheng and Guangwu, the pioneers who took the lead in raising the anti-Qin banner, and Cheng Enze and Zhengzhen were compared to Emperor Gaozu who made great contributions. Qian Zhonglian, a professor at Suzhou University, commented: "Zheng Ziyin's poems are the first in the Qing Dynasty. Not only in the Qing Dynasty, but also the Mountain (Yuan Haowen) Taoist Garden (Yu Ji) has to give up a place. " And the sentence "Ziyin's poems, talents and skills are not under Dongpo". The evaluation is very high and it is difficult to add. Mo Youzhi's Poem of Lu Yuting is slightly inferior to the truth, but it is also a partial teacher. "Draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty" biography 269 "Scholars III": Zheng Ziyin, whose real name is Zhengzhen, was born in Zunyi. Daoguang was born in tribute for five years. Seventeen years of juren, with big pick second-class choose Libo county discipline. In the fifth year of Xianfeng, he rebelled against Miao and committed Libo, and Jiang Jiagu, a magistrate of a county, was ill. Ziyin led the troops and refused to fight, and died in his city. Wonderful push, tell me to go home. In the second year of Tongzhi, Qi Junzao, a great scholar, recommended it to North Korea, especially for the purpose of distributing Jiangsu supplements to the magistrate. Three years, died, aged 59.

Ziyin first learned about Cheng Enze in Shexian County, which was the origin of all kinds of sounds and characters, and the ancient court crown service system. Fang is a man of time and ocean. Zi Yin advocates textual research, follows his theory, seeks truth from facts, does not innovate, and disagrees. After traveling from Mo and Zhuo, I benefited from the purpose of understanding the six or seven major Confucianism in China. In the deepest three rites, he said: "There are three things in primary school: form, sound and meaning. Form is the correct style of three generations, written in words. If the strange characters collected by Zhong Ding's brush, bamboo slips and ancient prose in the past dynasties are not recognized at all and forged, which is inconsistent with the six books, it will not be normal. The sound is the Five Classics of Gu Yinyun in Kunshan, which proves the ancient sound, is faithful and has a sign, and shows that ignorance is the eternal ancestor. Righteousness is all kinds of calligraphy, rhyming and exegetical books, which are vast, but to master Confucian classics, Duan Yucai's notes, Shao's, Hao Yixing's and Wang Niansun's are all available. All primary schools run through Bo Yan, surpassing ancient times and being of great use. "

He read the Ritual Classics, kept practicing hard, accumulated advantages and disadvantages, with a high number of examples and many new meanings. He didn't win, and the more complicated he became. So there are three rituals, and there is no difference. As for the classics, the rate is mostly according to the ancient notes. In addition, children's history is bypassed by spare capacity, and class can be a mystery. Seventeen articles of the Book of Rites were invented, and half of them were not cancelled, which led to the private annotation of the Book of Rites. There were only four articles, namely Faint, Public Food, Medical Funeral and Scholar Funeral, with a total of eight volumes. It is particularly profound to mourn an article and repeatedly find a deduction. In addition, Zhou Li recorded the Analects of Confucius, and Zheng's notes were obscure. Since Jia Shu, there has been no positive solution, and the speaker has increasingly supported it in three volumes. You Chang's "Research on storytelling", with two volumes of storytelling, an appendix and six volumes of storytelling attached to the exam, was known at that time. He is the author of Fu's Family Portrait, Examination of Deep Clothes, Khan Bamboo Slips, and Comments on Li. There are also nest classics, poetry notes, and text notes. In the Ming Dynasty, there was no note on the poems of Luzhong Festival.