One of the Five Mountains: Hengshan Mountain

Mount Hengshan, also known as "Taihengshan", also known as "Yuan Yue" and "Zi Yue", was renamed "Changshan" in Han Dynasty. According to historical records, more than 4,000 years ago, when Shun Di toured the north, he saw Mount Hengshan standing tall and the mountain was majestic, hence the name Beiyue, which was also called the Five Mountains with Mount Taishan in Dongyue, Huashan in Xiyue, Hengshan in Nanyue and Songshan in Zhongyue.

Hengshan Mountain borders Hebei in the east, Sanjin in the south, Yanmen in the west and Yanyun in the north. The peak of 108 stretches for hundreds of miles, undulating and crossing the plug. The main peak is located 4 kilometers south of Hunyuan, with an altitude of 20 17 meters. Layer upon layer, magnificent. Known as "the pillar of the northern people and the sky" and "the first famous mountain in the world". Famous all over the world since ancient times, it has always been a famous tourist attraction in northern China, where emperors of all dynasties came to offer sacrifices. In the twentieth year of Qin Shihuang (the first 226 years), Qin Shihuang swam eastward into the sea and passed through Hengshan Mountain to see its scenery. In the third year of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 102), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty traveled east to Mount Tai, and then went to Changshan (Hengshan) to offer sacrifices to jade. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty dedicated Hengshan calligraphy with four characters: "It has a long history", and its wooden plaque has been hung in the main hall of Hengshan Temple.

The main peak has Tianfengling in the east and Cuiping Peak in the west. The two peaks are opposite, competing for heights and flowing in the stream. The blue antenna forms a natural barrier and is the bottleneck of north-south traffic. The ancient poet once said, "There are five mountains in heaven and earth, and Mount Hengshan lives in the north. The pile of stones is so heavy that it is unpredictable. Xu Xiake, a geographer and great traveler in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in the Diary of a Tour of Hengshan Mountain: "There is no comparison between the two, and Wuyi has nine songs. "It shows the precipitous and majestic spirit of Mount Hengshan in Beiyue. As the saying goes, "Monks from famous mountains make up the majority", only Mount Hengshan in Beiyue, with its special geographical position and dangerous peaks, is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty sent tens of thousands of troops to dig a cliff in Hengshan Mountain as the gateway to the Central Plains. During the Song Dynasty, Yang Jiajiang guarded Yanmenguan and stationed troops in Hengshan Mountain. Accordingly, the story of Mu attacking Hongzhou is still circulating. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the Eighth Route Army generals Wang Zhen and Yang Chengwu led their troops to Hengshan to open up an anti-Japanese base area, which made great contributions to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory.

Mount Hengshan is a steep mountain with beautiful scenery. In the past, many cultural relics and historic sites were gathered. In the early Western Han Dynasty, a temple was built on the main peak of Hengshan Mountain. In the first year of Taiyan in the Northern Wei Dynasty (435), it was rebuilt many times after the destruction of Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are 36 temples, pavilions and 82 temples on the mountain, so there are "three temples, four temples, seven palaces, eight caves, nine pavilions and twelve temples". Many temples, pavilions and terraces, with their backs to the valley, were cleverly designed and built, with towering cliffs overlooking the south sky; Hidden in the secluded Beiyue bedroom, embedded in the grottoes; Kuixingge, to which Beidou belongs, is an independent dangerous peak; The Sanqing Hall facing the abyss is cleverly built. Some scenic spots are charming because of the beautiful scenery, some are intoxicated by the secluded caves, some are moved by the beauty of legends, and some are amazed by the construction risks. They are famous for the eighteen scenic spots of Hengshan Mountain.

Hengshan origin

According to historical records, the name of "Beiyue" preceded the name of "Hengshan". Shun Di traveled everywhere, from Daizong in the east to Dai Nan in the south, Dai Xi in the west and Beiyue in the north. At that time, there were only four of the five famous mountains in the world, representing four directions respectively. "Yue", the mountain is high. The mountains in the north are collectively called "Beiyue" because of their high terrain and higher mountain potential. Calling Hengshan Mountain Beiyue began to appear in Zhou Li and Erya. In Zhou Li's large-scale blog, there is the etiquette of "serving the country with blood and offering sacrifices to the five mountains", which is the first time that the concept of the five mountains appeared. In Er Ya Shi Shan, the "Five Mountains" mentioned in Zhou Li Dazong Bo were completely explained for the first time: "Mount Tai is Dongyue, Huashan is Xiyue, Hengshan is Nanyue, Hengshan is Beiyue and Songshan is Zhongyue." Since then, Dayu has ascended the cross Sect and won Lingbao; Zhou Chengwang took office as governor of Yue Hui; Qin Shihuang crossed the scenery; Emperor Wu of Han personally offered sacrifices to the Lord; Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty went to Beiyue five times; Emperor Yang Di worshipped Hengshan God; Emperor Taizong wrote a eulogy, and Song Taizu bowed down. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, almost all emperors sent ministers to Mount Hengshan to offer sacrifices.

Hengshan climate

Hengshan region belongs to the continental climate in the middle temperate zone with four distinct seasons. Spring is dry and windy, summer rainfall is concentrated, autumn is cool, and winter is cold and snowy. The daily temperature difference is greater than the annual temperature difference. The poem "Wild people in Yanmenguan wear fur coats in the morning and tulle in the afternoon" sung by the ancients vividly reflects the great change of temperature in a day. The highest temperature in spring is 14.8℃ and the lowest temperature is -0.8℃. The highest temperature in summer is 24.9℃, and the lowest temperature is 1 1.5℃. The highest temperature in autumn is 8.5℃, and the lowest temperature is 2℃. The highest temperature in winter is-1.5℃, and the lowest temperature is-17.5℃. The annual extreme minimum temperature is -37.3℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 35.9℃.

Hengshan religion

Beiyue culture, not only has the profound political brand left by the dynasties, but also has a distinct religious color. Like the other four temples, Mount Hengshan is one of the earliest Taoist shrines in China and the fifth cave of the "36 Small Caves" of Taoism. As early as the Han Dynasty, Taoist activities appeared. Buddhist activities in Hengshan probably originated in the Han Dynasty, not later than the Northern Wei Dynasty. Hengshan Taoism and Buddhism occupy an important position in the history of religion in China. Mount Hengshan became a sacred mountain revered throughout the country, much earlier than the introduction of Taoism and Buddhism, and was later named a god by Taoism, and was regarded as an emperor in the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties. The God of Mount Hengshan in Beiyue is revered throughout the ages, with endless incense. In the development of Hengshan religion, it has always been the Hengshan God of Beiyue. Not only Buddhism and Taoism, but also Confucianism. At that time, the whole people believed in it and there were many believers. The complementary integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism is the characteristic of wuyue's religion and many famous religious mountains, and it is also a trend formed in the development of China's religion, but this religious integration is mostly reflected in doctrine, that is, religious theory. In Hengshan Mountain, it is directly reflected in the setting of temples and the worship of religious leaders. Specifically, the famous Hanging Temple directly has a hall of "three religions in one" of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. There are many temples in Hengshan area that are similar to the three religions.

Hengshan scenic spot

In a narrow sense, Mount Heng only refers to a mountain range 4 kilometers south of Hunyuan. The main peak of Mount Hengshan is located in the center of Hunyuan. Qing Shunzhi's Heng Yue Zhi records: "Hengshan Mountain: from the south of the state into the magnetic gorge for ten miles, to the gate of Yuemiao Mountain for five miles, and then to the top of the mountain for ten miles. The top is high into the sky, the clouds cover the pine and cypress, the wind is surging, the mountains are listed, and the guards are like stars. " This is Tianfengling, the main peak of Hengshan Mountain, with an altitude of 20 16. 1 m. The mountains are majestic and the peaks are beautiful. Known as "the northern Tianzhu of the people" and "absolutely famous mountains".

Tianfengling consists of five peaks. Zhongfeng, namely Xuanyue Peak, also known as Hengzong, is the highest peak of Hengshan Mountain, and Fengyang has the main temple of Beiyue, Hengzong Hall. Dongfeng Peak, also known as Wei Zifeng, is located in the east of Xuanyue Peak, which is just as famous as Xuanyue Peak. There is wuyue Palace in Yin Feng Grottoes. Nanfeng, named Shi Feifeng, looks like a Dan wall, stands in the south of Xuanyue Peak, and there are flying grottoes. The north peak is called censer peak, which looks like a tall incense column standing in the north of Xuanyue peak. Xifeng, namely Cuiping Peak, faces Xuanyue Peak across the porcelain kiln gorge. Between the two peaks, there is a steep and tight canyon, which has become the natural gate of Hengshan Mountain and a natural barrier to control the south and the north for centuries. The famous "Eighteen Scenes of Hengshan Mountain" is concentrated between two peaks and one gorge. The eighteen scenic spots in Hengshan Mountain are: misty rain in the magnetic gorge, Hongqiao, Yunxiao in the cloud, loose hanging in the tiger's mouth, old immortals in the fruit, sunset photos on dangerous rocks, bird singing on the cliff, flying rocks in the secluded cave, sweet and bitter in Longquan, fireworks in Mao Grottoes, golden roosters announcing the dawn, jade sheep in the middle of the clouds, ziyun in the valley, floating clouds in the cave, colorful pictures and texts, drunken moon in Xianfu, playing the piano on stage.

To the east of Wei Zifeng, there is a rising mountain named Bai Yunfeng. In the north of Xuanyue Peak, there are two milk-like peaks named Yuhua Peak. Five peaks and these two peaks are arranged in the shape of the Big Dipper in the sky. Four peaks of Wei Zi, Baiyun, Shi Fei and Xuan Yue form a square bucket shape, and three peaks of censer, Yuhua and Cuiping form an arc bucket handle. Therefore, the main peak of Mount Hengshan is also known as the Seven-Star Peak: the Big Dipper in the sky, the North Mountain on the ground, the Seven Stars and Seven Peaks, and the heaven and the earth are in harmony.

In addition to the main scenic spot, there are dozens of scenic spots in Hengshan Mountain, each with its own charm: there are strange rocks in Qianfo Mountain and caves in Tianci Valley; Longshan forest is vast, and Shenxi Lake is rippling; Lingyunkou landscape ethereal, Wufeng Mountain, Wufeng Mountain graceful; Longpenyu has an eternal mystery, and Tangtou Hot Spring is a geothermal wonder.

Hengshan Scenic Area is the first batch of national key scenic spots, and Hengshan Ancient Temple Group is a cultural relic protection unit in Shanxi Province. Hengshan Scenic Area was awarded "National Civilized Scenic Spot" by the Ministry of Construction, rated as 4A-level scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration, and won the titles of "Five Famous Characteristic Scenic Spots in Shanxi" and "Top Ten Tourist Scenic Spots in Shanxi".

In history, many literati, poets and celebrities stopped at Hengshan Mountain, leaving many relics and chapters. (Li Tao)

Excerpts from Hengshan's poems by famous artists in past dynasties.

Jizhoufu

Ban Biao in Eastern Han Dynasty

What is the husband doing in Jizhou? Speaking of taking a business trip.

Watching the wind over Kyushu is also the entertainment of philosophers.

Look at the majestic mountains, climb the North Yue and swim high.

This altar was built during the reign of Daizong, and Yuxuan was buried on this mountain.

Visit the five mountains and four blasphemies and watch the sea flow around.

Beiyue temple

Tangjiadao

There are five mountains in heaven and earth, and Heng Yue lives in the north.

Rocks pile up thousands of pounds, bizarre and unpredictable.

People dare not enter, and the temple is dark during the day.

Sometimes it rains, and the world is sprinkled.

Is God at ease? Yongkang my kingdom.

Deng Hengshan

Jin yuan Wen Hao

Mao's grandson Yue Wei, an ancient emperor, is a coincidence. It's too easy for you to leave.

Gan Kun has his own spiritual realm, and his position is in harmony with other mountains.

The standard of the Central Plains is that it is dark during the day and the upper floors are covered with smoke.

Who can lend me two orioles and brush Du Xuanmen with long sleeves?