About witchcraft

From the nature of witchcraft, witchcraft can be divided into black witchcraft and white witchcraft. Black witchcraft refers to witchcraft used when framing others; White witchcraft is used when praying for good luck, so it is also called auspicious witchcraft.

Judging from the means of witchcraft, witchcraft can be divided into two categories, one is imitation witchcraft and the other is contact witchcraft.

Imitate witchcraft

A witchcraft method that uses something similar as a substitute to seek good luck or cause disaster. If you hate someone, take a human form and write down that person's birthday, or burn it, or splash water, or stab it with a knife and let that person die. In nature, this belongs to black witchcraft. Another example is that children often fall into wells. In order to avoid disaster, they often make a puppet instead of a child and throw it into the well. This kind of behavior is called breaking the evil spirit. In ancient production customs, rice began to blossom, and men and women met in the fields to promote rice heading. If people get sores, they can get rid of the patients by painting the sores on plant leaves or yellow paper. This is also called imitating witchcraft. The custom of tying dolls in Baiyun Temple, and the folk custom of "stealing melons" and so on.

Contact witchcraft

It is a kind of witchcraft, which uses a part of something or something related to it to seek good luck and frame a curse. This kind of witchcraft can achieve its goal as long as it touches a part of someone's body or someone's equipment. If someone is sick, put a coin or something more expensive where the patient is sick, and then throw it on the road for anyone to pick it up, so that the patient is transferred to the picker. Putting a bowl, Jiang Yuan plays a great man, and getting drunk and abandoning Zhou is all about witchcraft. In the past, black witchcraft used to collect hair, beards, nails and beloved things of people who were at odds with each other in order to hurt each other. Children's names can't be told to others casually, otherwise they will be controlled by others.

In Liangshan Yi people, when the slave owners found that the slaves had escaped, they not only sent people to look for them, but also asked the wizards to practice witchcraft. The method is to bring the rags left by slaves and put them in a stone mill for grinding. Because cloth is not easy to grind down, they think that slaves will inevitably wander in the mountains and find no way to escape. In order to escape from the jaws of death, slaves also fought against witchcraft. Generally, when they escape, they carry a small stone mill on their backs and put it on their heads, so that the cloth ground by the slave owners will fall off quickly and they can escape successfully.

witchcraft

Curses and witchcraft are usually the main methods. Seek dark or evil forces to punish the enemy of the caster, but generally pay the same price. For example, when ordinary people use curses, they usually use their own blood as a medium to summon evil spirits. If the curse is successful, the caster must use his own vitality (spiritual strength) as the source of the curse. Otherwise, the curse will not be carried out, and even the caster will be bitten by evil spirits.

It is often used to avenge people or others, and it can also be used as a spell to cure diseases, punish evil and promote good, and fight against black witchcraft. Witches can also be divided into two types, one is handed down from generation to generation and taught by old wizards; The other is the so-called wizard taught by the gods in dreams, named Mismagius. Voodoo doll is a means of revenge in black witchcraft. The concept opposite to black witchcraft is white witchcraft.

With the rise of human civilization, especially the formation of cities, man and nature are increasingly separated, and a new spirit has emerged. Natural selection and survival of the fittest are more intense in cities than anywhere else. Humans began to develop their own ambitions and aggressiveness, and only by riding on others' heads can they stand out. In this case, witchcraft has become a horrible tool of personal struggle and a black witchcraft that people are afraid of. Witchcraft is also spurned by most people.

Black magic, the darkest of all black magic, is undoubtedly necromancy! It is also one of the ugliest and most disgusting magic rituals. Necroma ncy comes from Greek, which means death and supernatural power. Necromancy itself refers to an ancient method of communicating with the undead world. Necromancy can be traced back to ancient Persian, Greek, Roman and medieval wizards. The necromancer can be divided into two factions: one faction summons and dominates ghosts (necromancer faction), which is more common; One faction has mastered the law of reviving the dead (the dead faction), and both factions are closely related to the banned dark magic. Necromancers usually use altars and spells, while necromancers get terrible black magic by digging corpses and robbing tombs. Necromancers are usually surrounded by terrible deaths. They wear clothes stolen from the dead and meditate on the meaning of death …

Without a certain degree of knowledge of soul and death, it is impossible to understand the mystery of necromancy. If we engage in it rashly, the consequences will be very dangerous. Because under normal circumstances, the dead will not return to the world (whether as an entity or a ghost), if this happens, it must be for very special reasons. If a living person wants to establish contact with another world and dominates the soul but ignores the requirements of the dead, then he should seriously study the knowledge related to dark magic so as not to become a victim of demons!

At first, communication with necromancers was mostly driven by interests. Because everyone thinks that everything can be seen after death, necromancers call the dead largely by those who want to know the location of the treasure, and these calling ceremonies usually take place 1 2 months after death, because people believe that the soul has been wandering around the cemetery for 12 months after death and can't see what the living want to see. But bodies that are too old are usually not chosen, because as far as the dead are concerned, bodies that are too bad can't answer the question clearly. Later, necromancers summoned necromancers and corpses to attack others, which mostly happened in ancient Egypt and ancient Greece.

For the above purposes, it is usually necessary to suppress the anger of necromancers, which requires special magic help, and usually only experienced wizards can do it. In the ancient books of British wizards, it is recorded that the necromancer painted a spell on the chest of a dead body. Sometimes, necromancers need to summon some powerful demons to protect themselves, or drive the undead and ghosts to obey themselves. In ancient Greek mantras, it is recorded that necromancers summoned their brothers (K ore), Persephone, Elleuch Kigal (Adonis), Hermes (Hermes) and Thoth (Thoth) in order to protect themselves and control necromancers. In Roman drama, the description of the necromancer ceremony also includes burning and bleeding. In other ceremonies, necromancers eat dog meat, which symbolizes Hecate, the patron saint of wizards. They also eat unsalted and unfermented black bread and unfermented grape juice, which symbolizes decay and death.

In continental Europe, the requirements of evocation ceremonies are even more stringent. The location of the ceremony is usually carefully designated in some abandoned intersections, basements, ruins, inaccessible forests or withered bushes. Once the time of the ceremony was determined, some concentric circles and indescribable symbols symbolizing power were painted in the venue and given sacred names.

These circles are cursed by magic, and the necromancer's assistant stands in the middle of the circles and is protected by magic. Finally, the necromancer's power is in his hands, summoning the soul of the underworld. If the practice is successful, the necromancer will emerge from the circle, and the necromancer will have to face the unbearable screams and incomprehensible complaints of the necromancer ... Sometimes, the powerful necromancer will even scream in the circle in the form of a monster, threatening to tear the necromancer to pieces! When the necromancer finally succumbs to the wizard's feet, he usually turns into a naked ghost and then answers the wizard's questions and demands.

At the end of Whitsunday, necromancers usually disappear into the poisonous fog of sulfur, and the bodies are burned by wizards with quicklime. Until then, the necromancer must stay in the sacred circle. If he has to leave, he must hold some other ceremonies. The necromancer will also remove all the flowers and plants in the area before and after the ceremony, burn them and bury the ashes in the area. The whole ceremony is full of terrible dangers. A little carelessness will lead to the death of the necromancer, even permanent trauma to the soul ... In the 7th century, the famous necromancer and prophet Kiankunji in Egypt was crushed to death by the devil because he left the altar in a hurry. ...

The church sent the necromancer, a very special dark magic tribe. The necromancer used strange dark magic. According to legend, at midnight, the necromancer will recite a dark poem in the cemetery: "The dead come back to me" and then disperse it to the church cemetery. When they call, they will cry and sing "E go sum te peto et uidere queo", and when they leave, they will order "return to the country designated by God".

The following is a description of the greatest church necromancer in history: Dr. john dee and his assistant Edward Kelly: When the assistant lit the death ceremony with a torch, the doctor stood in the cemetery, holding a power struggle in his hand and chanting a spell. In the firelight, you can clearly see that a newly summoned necromancer in white cloth is trembling ... while the other two wizards are whispering a spell to protect themselves in the sacred circle, and vaguely hear the names of some angels: "Raphael, Rael, Milla, Tamir, Rex ..." ...

Another famous necromancer in history is Endor. It is recorded in the Bible that he once called the dead prophet Samuel King Saul and predicted the demise of King Saul.

In addition, in 1 century Greece, there were famous necromancers Apollo and Teyana.

/kloc-Britain in the 6th century had the above-mentioned john dee and his useless assistant Edwood Kelly.

In the17th century, there was a great Eliphaz Levi. He tried to summon the great apollonius, but he was shocked by the soul of apollonius! -

For necromancers, the numbers 9 and 13 are of great significance. Nine represents the nine realms that the soul has to go through from birth to death in ancient beliefs. 13 stands for the last supper of Jesus and his resurrection.

In voodoo, when a corpse comes back to life, it appears in the form of Baron Samedi (ragged zombie god). In Haiti, the necromancer incarnated as Papa Nibo, the father of death, and presided over the ceremony. During the ceremony, Bai La was dripped on the feet and lips of the corpse, and the necromancer wore a monk's robe and a silver hat. The symbol of Papa Nipo was hung on the cross. When the wizard's robe and hat trembled, it proved that Baron Samedi had been awakened and the ceremony was successful.

The reason why necromancy is spurned by people is that, in addition to its improper purpose, the most heinous thing is that many corpses are used as raw materials for casting spells during the ceremony. Moreover, necromancy believes that the best medicine is to die of a violent corpse! Because they think that people who die like this have more unused spiritual power. In ancient Norse witchcraft, the strongest necromancer can even resurrect people who have just died on the gallows! Paulus Grelandus, a religious judge in the 0/6th century AD/KLOC, once recorded: "Necromancers use charred corpse fragments, especially those who are hanged and humiliated ... with small nails or teeth ... hair, ears or eyes ... muscles, bones or fresh meat ..." Some necromancers even eat corpses, especially unwashed babies. Many graves were stolen at that time. The most famous case in history is Alice kettler, an Irish necromancer. She was accused of stealing and using the hair and skull of a dead body, saying that moss growing on the head of a dead body is very precious to necromancers …

In the witch hunting movements in 16 and 17 centuries, a large number of necromancers inevitably became hunting targets. The church chanted that they were servants of the devil, and the description of Indar in the Bible proved that necromancer was a symbol of destruction. Necromancers have been arguing about the difference between undead and demons. After centuries of struggle, the necromancer finally evolved into a psychic today, thus avoiding religious persecution. Not only that, psychics are further worshipped and accepted by people under the propaganda of the media. Famous psychics in modern times include Joseph glanville, Dr. Francis Van Helmont, Dr. Henry Moore and robert boyle.

White spell

Praise the gods and pray for them at ordinary times. Seek the power of light or kindness and help others without paying too much. For example, when using special materials to pray for others, you only need to tell the gods the purpose and offer sacrifices. At the end of the blessing, you can complete the blessing by thanking the gods.

White witchcraft is a kind of witchcraft, that is, ordinary people pray for sunshine and rain, exorcise ghosts and evil spirits, exterminate insects and seek things, evoke spirits, and even let infertile women have children, so that men and women who have no feelings can fall in love. It's relative to black witchcraft.

White witchcraft subjectively foresees the future situation in a mysterious environment, or adopts effective methods to treat diseases and give people health. Divination witchcraft is the most commonly used witchcraft in diagnosis and treatment activities in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In addition, there are:

1, the curse. Before practicing some witchcraft, you need to use language to treat malaria, such as cursing dates. The way is just the opposite of worshipping ghosts and gods, just using language to imitate witchcraft activities. In a specific cultural environment, cursing may play a certain role in inspiring patients' courage and increasing their confidence.

2. Make a wish for sacrifice. It is expected to be protected by the heavenly emperor, ancestors and gods, and has certain spiritual functions. According to the historical records, "When my late king was young, Duke Zhou took fleas (claws) and sank into the river to pray for the gods ... When he became king, he became ill."

3. Best wishes. It is a kind of witchcraft with language as the main means and some rituals as the supplement. Su Wen turned essence into qi and said, "Doctors can only wish to learn from the past." It can be seen that witchcraft that hopes to cure diseases has existed since ancient times. Both practitioners and patients hope to remove the pathogenic factors by telling the cause of the disease, which has certain components of psychotherapy.

4. Step by step. According to legend, Dayu himself often presides over sacrificial ceremonies and divination activities. The method of forbidding swelling in Forbidden Classics says: "On the 5th day, you should practice your footwork and keep your breath steady. If you treat a disease, you should think that your hands are hot iron, which means that your predecessors are sick as snow, and your hands will be scattered when you are sick. "When treating diseases, patients are often angry. If the patient has edema on his head, it is not necessary to treat it, which will hurt people. There is a little left, and I will treat it tomorrow. " There are three, seven and nine steps in the use of Yu Bu, and the method of coordination with breathing is recorded. The method of Yubu was gradually formed, but it could not be separated from the inheritance of Xia, Shang and the same period.

5. Eliminate evil spirits and peach blossoms. These are all behavioral witchcraft. In the concept of witchcraft, this kind of bathing is considered to eliminate disasters and diseases, especially to wash women's impurity with peach blossom water in spring, which is called purification, and its purpose is to exorcise ghosts and seek advice.

Nuo dance was very popular in the Zhou Dynasty. Nuo dance is a witchcraft activity to drive away epidemic ghosts before the twelfth lunar month, so it is named Nuo dance or exorcism.

Taozi is a mahogany-handled broom made of reed flowers. The ancients believed that it had the function of expelling evil spirits and epidemics.

6. Predict diseases. The most ingenious diagnosis in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the inference of pregnancy and puerperium. In the Book of Changes, it is said that "there is no mistake, and there is no medicine." "It hurts the disease and makes you happy, beyond reproach." It is a summary of medical practice experience.

Pray for help

Refers to people bullying and praying for natural forces or ghosts and gods to help them achieve a certain goal in some way. Han people pray for rain and worship the dragon king, but worship fails to achieve witchcraft, forcing the dragon king to beg for rain. For example, carrying the Dragon King around the street, uncovering the Dragon King, draining the well water and so on.

Arouse the soul of the dead

Bring back lost souls with witchcraft. Not only for people, but also for animals and plants. For example, Jinuo people call for the spirit of the valley god, Miao people call for the spirit of the cow god, and Han children are sick and often think that their souls are lost outside the village. Mothers had to take their children's clothes and shout their children's names outside the village, shouting for their souls. Yi people also have the custom of evoking spirits, that is, evoking spirits for elders who have been away from home for many years or died in a foreign land. Hosted by wizards, they often stand on high mountains, looking at the direction in which the deceased leaves, calling the names of the deceased, and pretending to occupy the souls of the deceased with hemp ropes. Zhuang, Maonan and other ethnic groups also have witchcraft of evoking souls and lovers. Generally, young men invite wizards, who cover their heads with sheets and ask the gods to possess them. Soon, she fell into a coma and declared that her soul was possessed, so the witch sang with the man on behalf of his lover and poured out her feelings.

curse

It uses the magic of language to hurt each other. The most common form is face-to-face curse, such as natural death, dismemberment and so on. More is to achieve the purpose of witchcraft by cursing each other's names. The Dai people have a kind of witchcraft of "letting Luo", the purpose of which is to provoke other people's husband-wife relationship so that they can get involved. The practice is to take two bamboos from the fence of the couple's grave, carve them: "You have thorns on your chest, you can't hug each other, you can only face each other across the river", and then put them downstairs, thinking that husband and wife will lose harmony within three days. In the Han and Manchu areas of northeast China, there was once a curse of steaming cats. If the loser finds that someone has stolen his property and refuses to admit it, he will write the thief's birthday and name on paper and cook it in a steamer with a cat. The cat struggled and screamed in the cage, and the loser cursed the thief for dying like a cat.

drive off

This is an aggressive witchcraft against ghosts. It is often used in production, construction, treatment and funeral. This is the main job of folk wizards. When Bimo, a Yi nationality in Liangshan, treated a patient, he asked the patient to sit at the door with a bamboo dustpan on his head. Bimo shouted "Catch the evil ghost, catch him quickly", and ordered his assistant to sprinkle the ashes of the fireplace on the patient's head with a shovel and drive the ghost away with ashes. Another Yi wizard, Su Ni, placed many tributes of branches beside the fire pit when exorcising ghosts. He walked around the fire pit and knocked on the sheepskin drum, inviting all the deep gods down. Then he suddenly opened the mouth of an earthenware pot and said, "Catch the ghost quickly and put it in the earthenware pot." Then he immediately shut his mouth and shouted, "Ghost, I will burn you!" " After that, Suni poured the ghost in the clay pot into the fireplace and said, "Ghost, wait until the bamboo basket can hold water." There are also: paper boats burning bright candles, shooting at the bride with arrows at the wedding, carrying braziers and so on. Many exorcism witchcraft of Han nationality was later inherited by Taoism. Symbols, swords, seals and mirrors are the main exorcism tools of Taoist priests. Exorcism also applies to the dead. Li people are most afraid of killing people, so complicated ceremonies must be held at the funeral: a winding road must be taken to make it difficult for the soul of the dead to return to its place, and the body must be crushed with boulders or nailed to death with stakes when buried, so that the soul of the dead can never return home, otherwise it will disturb the family.

Exorcise evil spirits

It is a negative witchcraft to use something to stop evil spirits from coming. Evil spirits are generally decorated on buildings, vehicles and production tools, and some are worn on the body. Pumi people print many lime handprints on doors or walls. It is said that this is a ghost gesture, and ghosts dare not answer it. Hanging knives, swords, saws and horns on the lintel can also ward off evil spirits. Oroqen people hang wild boar's teeth and bear's nose on fairy pillars; Dong people hang dog heads on doors and protect their homes with dogs. Miao people hang rice screens and fishing nets on the doors. They think that the rice screen symbolizes many eyes and can see through the whereabouts of ghosts, while the fishing net is a tool to catch ghosts, and ghosts will avoid it when they see it. Totem is also a kind of exorcism. Yi people often draw a tiger on the door. Horseshoe is often hung in northwest China and Europe. The amulet of the Han nationality and the sword of the door god town house are all evil spirits.

Witchcraft and Taoism, among the people, there is a sect that integrates witchcraft, Taoism and Buddhism. Its leader is Taishang Laojun, and its sects are divided into "Taoism and Taoism". Both internal and external cultivation of witchcraft and Taoism absorbed the thoughts of witchcraft, Taoism and Buddhism, and inherited the ancient witchcraft and Taoism profoundly.

Witches have been in China for a long time. In primitive society, because human beings know little knowledge, they don't understand some situations in this society. They mistake the phenomena of thunder, lightning, rain, volcanic eruption and earthquake in nature for an angry fairy. They are on tenterhooks all day, fearing that if the gods are unhappy, they will come to them like diseases and plagues.

Therefore, primitive humans used some things to pay homage, because they thought that these things were the embodiment of God, and God evolved from these things, which resulted in "totem worship". There are some rituals in worship. Through these ceremonies, people expressed their piety to God and their wishes, such as having children, living a long life and hoping for a bumper harvest. And there must be a leader when there is a ceremony. Through this kind of person, various ceremonies are organized to convey everyone's wishes to God. Such people are called "witches".

Witch has great power, because she is the intermediary between God and man and can know God's will. For ordinary people, it can be said that it is like the incarnation of God and the spokesman of God on earth. Therefore, witches hold the power of offering sacrifices, healing and inheriting tribal history.

During the Jin and Tang Dynasties, due to the participation and arrangement of literati or Taoism and the absorption of a large number of Buddhist scriptures, the primitive religious forms of witchcraft and Taoism presented a theoretical phenomenon, which caused a great distance between Taoism and witchcraft. Taoism has since risen to the upper ruling class, and witchcraft has been surging among the people.

Historically, the ruling class banned witchcraft and obscenity in an orthodox position, which made the survival of witchcraft very difficult. As a result, witchcraft (witchcraft) began to seek survival and a way out. First, it was to get close to Taoism and let the people agree that both belonged to Taoism. With this development, witchcraft and Taoism gradually combined to become a form of witchcraft, both Taoism and Taoism. First of all, witchcraft should identify the Taoist ancestor Taishang Laojun as its own leader, thus proving that witchcraft also belongs to "Laojun religion" or "Laojun family". So according to the legend of Laozi, I compiled The Origin of the Old Gentleman in Taishang, thinking that witchcraft had become a copy of Taoism. In addition to moving to Taishang Laojun, many Taoist gods such as Zhang Tianshi, Sanqing, Sanyuan, Sanguan, Wuyue, Sidu and Tian Xuan were also moved to the witchcraft world, flaunting them as "Taishang Wulin Laojun" or "Taishang Sanyuan Xinfa Zhengzheng" and "Taishang Leo Weizi Leiting", and absorbed a lot of Taoist scriptures.

Part of the content is quoted from "Discussion on the Formation of Witchcraft Culture in the Cultural Circle of * * * *" (Ye)

White witchcraft subjectively foresees the future situation in a mysterious environment, or adopts effective methods to treat diseases and give people health. Divination witchcraft is the most commonly used witchcraft in diagnosis and treatment activities in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In addition, there are:

1, the curse. Before practicing some witchcraft, you need to use language to treat malaria, such as cursing dates. The way is just the opposite of worshipping ghosts and gods, just using language to imitate witchcraft activities. In a specific cultural environment, cursing may play a certain role in inspiring patients' courage and increasing their confidence.

2. Make a wish for sacrifice. It is expected to be protected by the heavenly emperor, ancestors and gods, and has certain spiritual functions. According to the historical records, "When my late king was young, Duke Zhou took fleas (claws) and sank into the river to pray for the gods ... When he became king, he became ill."

3. Best wishes. It is a kind of witchcraft with language as the main means and some rituals as the supplement. Su Wen turned essence into qi and said, "Doctors can only wish to learn from the past." It can be seen that the witchcraft of wishing to cure diseases has existed since ancient times. Both practitioners and patients hope to remove the pathogenic factors by wishing to tell the cause of the disease, which has a certain success in psychotherapy.

Points.

4. Step by step. According to legend, Dayu himself often presides over sacrificial ceremonies and divination activities. The method of forbidding swelling in Forbidden Classics says: "On the 5th day, you should practice your footwork and keep your breath steady. If you treat a disease, you should think that your hands are hot iron, which means that your predecessors are sick as snow, and your hands will be scattered when you are sick. "When treating diseases, patients are often angry. If the patient has edema on his head, it is not necessary to treat it, which will hurt people. There is a little left, and I will treat it tomorrow. " There are three, seven and nine steps in the use of Yu Bu, and the method of coordination with breathing is recorded. The method of Yubu was gradually formed, but it could not be separated from the inheritance of Xia, Shang and the same period.

5. Eliminate evil spirits and peach blossoms. These are all behavioral witchcraft. In the concept of witchcraft, this kind of bathing is considered to eliminate disasters and diseases, especially to wash women's impurity with peach blossom water in spring, which is called purification, and its purpose is to exorcise ghosts and seek advice.

Nuo dance was very popular in the Zhou Dynasty. Nuo dance is a witchcraft activity to drive away epidemic ghosts before the twelfth lunar month, so it is named Nuo dance or exorcism.

Taozi is a mahogany-handled broom made of reed flowers. The ancients believed that it had the function of expelling evil spirits and epidemics.

6. Predict diseases. The most ingenious diagnosis in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the inference of pregnancy and puerperium. In the Book of Changes, it is said that "there is no mistake, and there is no medicine." "It hurts the disease and makes you happy, beyond reproach." It is a summary of medical practice experience.