What do the four musts of Wuyin Mountain House built by Wu Bin in Qing Dynasty mean?

1867, 19-year-old Wu Bin from Nancun, Panyu, Guangzhou won the provincial examination. After the official to the prison department, Wu Pin was appointed Foreign Minister. Later, his two sons were also selected one after another, and there is a saying that "a family of three people, father and son are the same body".

It is a great honor to have three jurors in a family. So, in 1867, in the name of his grandfather Wu, a mountain house, also known as a garden, was built in the open space next to his ancestral temple at the foot of Nanshan Mountain in Panyu.

It means to commemorate and inherit the shadow of ancestors and make future generations more prosperous. In order to build the Yuyin Mountain House, Wu Bin hired many famous gardeners and spent nearly 32,000 yuan. It took five years and was finally completed in 187 1.

Yuyin Mountain Residence is located in Nancun, Panyu, Guangdong, covering an area of 65,438+0,598 square meters, facing south, with exquisite layout. It absorbed the characteristics of gardens in the north and Suzhou, and used the methods of "hiding without revealing" and "shrinking the dragon to one inch" to put the pagodas and pavilions of Xie Xuan rocks into three acres of land, and made them into forests close at hand, creating a garden with scenery and gardens.

Yuyin Mountain Residence, through the exquisite carving of famous craftsmen, makes the decoration in the whole garden rich and exquisite, simple and elegant, giving people a quiet and elegant aesthetic feeling, such as being exposed to "warm waves and fragrant dust".

Brick carving, wood carving, gray carving and stone carving in the park are rich and colorful, showing the quaint style of the famous garden. There are also towering old trees and dazzling flowers that make the garden shine. The four wonders in the garden, such as "Green Bamboo Wall", "Red Bridge Reflecting the Moon", "Deep Willow Hidden Treasure" and "Double Emerald Spring", have opened visitors' eyes and made them linger.

Among them, there are two most remarkable features: one is "shrinking the dragon into an inch". The buildings in the park are exquisitely laid out and hidden. Tiny places, pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, halls, pavilions, bridges, corridors, rocky mountains, clear water and floating lotus are all available. Cloisters and flower window screens borrow scenery and swim into them, feeling that there is a garden in the garden and a view outside the scene. What a winding path.

The second is "scholarly and elegant". Never leaving home, the poems and masterpieces in the garden are colorful and full of literary talent, which is really a masterpiece in Lingnan garden architecture.

Rainy days are the best time to enjoy the garden. The drizzle is sprinkled on the green water lily pond, rolled on the dark green lotus leaf and stained on the light green water lily petals. The garden is full of faint water lily fragrance, and several huge red koi fish pass through the flowers, and the surrounding bamboo leaves rustle like Lv Yun in the rain.

The buildings are connected by wind and rain corridors, and round doors, leaky windows, couplets, plaques, flower beds and rockeries are integrated. Yuyin Mountain Residence is famous for its exquisite artistic features. Together with Qinghui Garden in Shunde, Keyuan Garden in Dongguan and Liangyuan Garden in Foshan, it is called the four famous gardens in Guangdong in the Qing Dynasty. It is the classical garden with the best original appearance among the four famous gardens and an outstanding representative of Lingnan garden art.

The main entrance of Yuyin Mountain House is "Yuyin Mountain House". In the main entrance, flowers and trees are planted all year round. On the right, there is a circular arch, and the word "longevity" is engraved on the brick. A row of bamboo was planted in the wall of a short corridor behind the door to isolate it from the outside world.

According to legend, Wu Bin, the owner of the garden, decided to plant bamboo in the garden under the influence of Su Dongpo's poem "Eating without meat, not having bamboo".

But how can you grow bamboo on less than three acres? The owner of the garden finally came up with a way, that is, planting bamboo between walls first, and then building fences and houses. In this way, bamboo can not only occupy the garden area, but also control its growth and spread, and also block the dust outside the garden, killing two birds with one stone.

Even better, from the point of view of the inner courtyard, it is a coup in the way of "borrowing scenery" in the garden. Raising the garden outside the garden and enjoying the garden outside it, the scenery inside and outside is clear, which coincides with the aesthetic philosophy of "right and wrong"

Most of these bamboos have lived 140 years, but they are still lush, so they are the first miracle of Yuyin Mountain.

Go through the bamboo path of "bamboo with walls" and enter the garden through the second door of the lingering sound mountain house and the garden door of the mountain house. On both sides of the door, there is a couplet inscribed by the owner Wu Bin:

There is room for three bows and red rain;

A corner of the cloudy sky is deep in Lv Yun.

This pair of couplets cleverly embeds the name of the garden "Yu Yin", and points out the characteristics of Yu Yin Shan Ju: reasonable layout, small and exquisite, elegant book.

The "bow" in the first couplet is an arrow, and the ancients compared the distance of 100 step to the position of the arrow. The distance between the three bows is 300 steps, which shows that the area of this garden is very small; "Red rain" means that the whole lingering garden is full of flowers and fruits in four seasons.

The second couplet "Dark green clouds in a cloudy corner" vividly shows the tree-lined environment in the park. The word "foot" and "deep" in the upper and lower couplets deeply reveal the love and affection of Wu Bin, the owner of the garden, for Yuyin Mountain House.

In the second door of Yuyin Mountain House, there is a 30-meter-long stone arch bridge, which divides the whole building of Yuyin Mountain House Garden into east and west areas. Yuyin Mountain is located in the western half, with Shenliutang and Linchi Bieguan. In the eastern half, there are exquisite waterside pavilions, sleeping floating houses, willow towers, peacock pavilions and Laixun pavilions.

The western half of Yuyin Mountain House is divided into two parts, with the main hall and deep willow hall in the north, centered on the rectangular stone lotus pond. China is Linchi Bieguan. The lotus pond makes the garden more hierarchical, thus forming the second wonder "Hongqiao reflecting the moon" in Yuyin Mountain.

Deep Liutang is the place where Wu Bin, the owner of the garden, once studied. On the stone pillars on the left and right sides in front of the main hall, there are two vigorous fireworks and Gu Teng. When the flowers bloom, it is like a piece of red rain, reflecting the deep flowing pond, which is beautiful.

The deep willow hall is three rooms wide. Because the owner of the garden used to be an official in the north, he decorated the windows with white and purple glass. From the inside of the hall, it is a snowy scene in severe winter, which makes people feel the scenery in the north. There is a couplet in front of the deep willow hall:

Who is Zhao Hong busy for? He patiently threw away the garden in his hometown, and spent several spring flowers and autumn flowers.

My humble abode allows me to send it. I would like to collect shoes from celebrities, and the old rain will come together, and the rain will come together today.

Shenliutang is the theme building of Yuyin Mountain Residence, and it is also the center of woodcut technology and painting and calligraphy products in the park. There are many high-quality products in Shenliu Hall, including two antique Manchu windows in front of the hall, two lifelike large rosewood flower and bird covers in the hall, the imperial edict of Xianfeng Emperor carved on a 4-meter-long camphor board, 32 fan-shaped mahogany cabinets in the side compartment, several rosewood screens in the green gauze cabinet, and Mo Bao, a celebrity with carved rosewood screens, all of which are famous wood carving treasures. This is the third wonder of Yuyin Mountain Residence, "Deep willow hides treasure".

Among them, the striking first is the calligraphy handwriting of Liu Yong, a university student during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, which is a flower-handed woodcarving:

Read the journey behind closed doors, burn incense at the table and be king.

Although I haven't forgotten Xerox, the green bottle and the red bottle are relative.

Opposite the lotus pond, there is a quaint Linchi Bieguan echoing from a distance, with exquisite architectural details, which combines the elegance of Suzhou and Hangzhou architecture with the charm of Fujian and Guangdong architecture. Linchi Bieguan is the study room where Wu Bin, the owner of the park, writes poems and paints. In summer, the wind sends lotus fragrance, which makes people intoxicated and the environment is elegant.

There is a couplet in front of the door:

Don't just wash inkstones in the pool, sometimes gulls can be smashed;

The cloister should tread on the moon to find poetry, but the crane will not follow.

In the center of the landlord's half of Yuyin Mountain is an octagonal pool, and there is an octagonal pavilion in the pool, which is the fourth building in the garden and is called "Linglong Waterfront", commonly known as "octagonal pavilion". This pavilion used to be the place where Wu Bin, the owner of the park, met guests and recited poems.

The waterside pavilion is octagonal, with all glass windows on eight sides. It has an elegant structure, which can not only ventilate the air on eight sides, but also view the scenery on eight sides. It is elegant and magnificent. For the eight scenes of the octagonal pavilion, the scenery in eight directions is different, and there is a five-rhythm poem that has been summarized:

Dangui welcomes the rising sun, and the willow tower is green;

Chimonanthus praecox is in full bloom, and the stone forest is close at hand;

Hongqiao is beautiful, lying on the ladle listening to the piano;

Fruit jar Lanyou Path, proud as a peacock.

China's landscape architecture has a unique artistic style, emphasizing poetry and painting. The reason why "Linglong Waterfront" is famous is that it is octagonal and exquisite, both poetic and picturesque. The couplet on the octagonal pavilion is Mo Bao of Wu Bin, the owner of the garden:

Whenever I think of famous mountains, I sit there and look at those strange rocks and clouds still in my eyes;

It is said that once the sea was calm and the moon was printed on the Ming Yi.

On the left side of the "Deep Willow Hall", there is a reed shed for guests to rest. It is the third building in the garden and the essence of the lingering sound mountain residence. It's called "sleeping in the lounge". The big window in the room, called "Manchuria Pane", can be pushed and closed and ventilated. The stained glass embedded in the large window lattice, facing the Manchu window of the yard, can let people see the beautiful scenery at four o'clock a day, a must.

Wu Bin and his two sons are both juren, experienced and rich in financial resources. When they built the garden, they made full use of Chinese and western materials, such as western patterned floor tiles and stained glass imported from Italy, which were all new tricks. The translucent local product "glass" is made by grinding the inner side of mussel shell into smooth and even slices and inlaid with mica sheets, which is full of Lingnan characteristics.

Looking at the garden through a layer of blue glass, it seems that there is a thin layer of frost on the door railing window lattice, like a snow scene in winter; If you stack two fans together and look out through two layers of blue glass, the branches and leaves of the courtyard suddenly turn red, much like the maple forest in autumn; Pushing open the window, the spring and summer scenery in the south comes to me, opening the book and facing the window, the text is fresh and blue.

Southeast of Linglong Waterfront, a rockery is arranged along the garden wall. "Liuta" is connected inside and outside, near the first peak of Nanshan, and far from the lotus tower. The scenery in the east and west halves is organically combined by an arch bridge named "Rainbow Around Green".

In the northeast of Linglong Waterfront, there are slim peacock pavilions and semi-pavilions, which are called "looking for pavilions". Laixunting was built against the wall, surrounded by many precious ancient trees such as pineapple, wintersweet and Metasequoia.

To the south of the mountain house is a relatively independent Yuyuan Garden, which was later built by Wu Zhongyu, the fourth generation descendant of the owner of Yuyuan Garden. It is the courtyard for his daily life and study.

The Yuyuan Garden, centered on the boathouse, was later the place where the ladies lived, so it was also called the "Miss House", which was divided into two floors. There are bridges, pavilions, pools, pavilions and other buildings on the first floor, and there are ladies' piano rooms and boudoir on the second floor. Elegant architectural decoration, it is a place for women in Qing Dynasty to play chess, paint and calligraphy, dress, embroider, worship Buddha and recite scriptures. In the past, ordinary friends were not allowed to enter except women.

To the north of Yuyin Mountain House is the ancestral hall of Jun 'antang. There are two carambola trees outside the hall, which together with the longan tree and the bauhinia tree in the hall form the meaning of "children and grandchildren will become dragons", indicating that the owner hopes that future generations will inherit the shadow of the ancestral hall and make the descendants of Wu prosper.