Excuse me, the former imperial palace in China is now called the Forbidden City. Why was it called before?

(in front of the meridian gate of the Forbidden City)

Ladies and gentlemen,

I feel very happy to accompany you to visit today. This is the world-famous Palace Museum, commonly referred to as the Forbidden City. As the name implies, it is the former palace. From 19 1 1 Aisin Giorro Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was forced to abdicate. It can be traced back to 1420, where Judy, the third Yongle emperor of the Ming Dynasty, moved his capital. There were 14 emperors in the Ming Dynasty, 10 emperors in the Qing Dynasty and ***24 emperors in this magnificent Miyagi. The Forbidden City, with its natural scale and magnificent momentum, is not only the largest and most well-preserved ancient royal palace complex in China, but also in the world. Because this Miyagi embodies the excellent tradition and unique style of China's ancient architectural art, it has a very important position in the history of architecture, and it is a classic of architectural art, which was evaluated as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO from 65438 to 0987.

The Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City, is a blend of astronomy and folklore. Ancient astronomers in China divided all the stars in the sky into three walls, twenty-eight nights and thirty-one days. Among them, the three walls refer to Taiwei College, Ziwei College and Tianshi College. Ziweiyuan is in the center of Sanyuan, which accords with the saying that Ziweiyuan is in the middle. Therefore, the ancients thought that the Ziwei Courtyard was the location of the Emperor of Heaven, so it was called the Purple Palace. The emperor is the son of the Emperor of Heaven and the highest being on the earth. Therefore, they should imitate the Emperor of Heaven and crown their palaces with purple words to show their imperial spirit of being in the center and looking around the world. There is also a saying that "purple gas comes from the east." Legend has it that Lao Tzu went through the customs to Hangu Pass, and Guanling told Yin Youzi that he came from the East and knew that saints would pass by. Sure enough, Lao Tzu rode a green cow and asked him to write the Tao Te Ching. Therefore, later generations used "purple gas coming from the east" to express auspiciousness. Of course, the imperial residence wants auspicious phenomena, so it is logical to name it after the word "purple". The meaning of the word "forbidden" is more obvious, that is, the forbidden area of the palace is heavily guarded and the people are not allowed to get close. There is not a word of empty talk. 1924 after the last emperor was expelled from the palace, the people could not get close to it before it was officially opened. It is conceivable how lofty and sacred the Forbidden City was!

The Forbidden City was built in Beijing because of its historical background and because it is a treasure trove of geomantic omen. It is a long story. The construction of the Forbidden City began in the fourth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1460), and it took 14 years to be basically completed. Today, it has a history of more than 570 years. As you can see, the Forbidden City is a group of buildings with red walls and yellow tiles. Why? According to Taoism, the five elements include gold, wood, water, fire and earth, among which earth occupies a central position. Because China people have lived on the Loess Plateau for generations, they have a kind of attachment to yellow, so since the Tang Dynasty, yellow has become the color representing the royal family, and others are not allowed to use it in clothes and buildings. On the other hand, red symbolizes happiness, auspiciousness and wealth. For these reasons, the basic colors of the Palace Museum are red and yellow.

The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters, with more than 9,900 palaces and pavilions, with a construction area of about 6,543.8+0.5 million square meters. Surrounded by a 9.9-meter-high wall called 10 meter, there is a 52-meter-wide moat outside the wall, commonly known as Tongzi River. It is about 960 meters long from north to south and 760 meters wide from east to west. In every corner of the city, there is a strange, harmonious and beautiful turret, which is octagonal and called nine beams, eighteen columns and seventy-two ridges. There are doors around the city, the main entrance to the south is the noon gate, the north gate is called Shenwumen, the east gate is called Donghuamen, and the west gate is called Xihuamen. During the construction of the Forbidden City, 230,000 famous craftsmen and 1 10,000 civilian workers were recruited. The building materials used come from all over the country. For example, white marble comes from Fangshan County, Beijing, five-color tiger skin stone comes from Panshan Mountain, Jixian County, Hebei Province, and granite comes from Quyang County, Hebei Province. The square bricks in the palace were fired in Suzhou, and the bricks for building walls were fired in Linqing, Shandong. The red color used on the walls of the palace is made from Lushan Mountain in Shandong Province and processed in Boshan Mountain. The interior walls are all red, and the raw materials are from Yantongshan in Xuanhua (now gaoqing county). Wood mainly comes from Huguang, Jiangxi, Shanxi and other provinces. It can also be seen that the project was huge at that time.

The building in front of us is called the meridian gate. The meridian gate is the main entrance of the Forbidden City. As the saying goes, the Five Peaks Pagoda. In the Ming dynasty, lanterns were hung at the door at noon on the fifteenth day of the first month every year to send food to hundreds of officials. In the Qing Dynasty, this activity was cancelled. Every year, on the first day of the tenth lunar month, a ceremony will be held here to promulgate the calendar for the following year. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, in order to avoid the name of Li Hong, it was renamed "Promulgation Calendar". In the Qing dynasty, when the emperor held court meetings or big sacrifices, as well as major festivals, such as New Year's Day, winter solstice, longevity, weddings, halogen books and ceremonial ceremonies were arranged here. In addition, when the country has a triumph, the emperor accepts the gift of offering prisoners at the meridian gate, and if the emperor kisses the film, he will also leave from the meridian gate.

The debate about "beheading at the meridian gate" may be due to the perfunctory stage of drama and unofficial history's novels. In fact, it was the Ming court that committed the crime, and some of them fought at the noon gate. Of course, serious crimes may also be killed on the spot.

(After entering the meridian gate, before Jinshui Bridge)

Now that we are in the Forbidden City, before the official tour, let me introduce the layout and tour route of the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 meters. In such a large area, combined with various building technologies, such a large-scale building complex has been built. It is not complicated, but gives people a sense of rigorous structure, gorgeous colors and regular layout. The most important means is to highlight an extremely obvious central axis during the construction process. This central axis is organically integrated with the whole of Beijing, starting from the bell tower in the north and reaching Yongdingmen in the south, with a total length of about 8 kilometers, and the royal forbidden garden is about 8 kilometers. The important buildings in the palace are all on this central axis, and other buildings are symmetrically distributed on the east and west sides. The design and layout of the whole palace showed the "dignity" of the feudal monarch and the strictness of the feudal hierarchy.

The Forbidden City faces the Palace. Now we are at the southernmost tip of the outer court, in front of us is Taihe Gate. There are a pair of bronze lions in front of the door, which are majestic and fierce. They have become the guardians of the front bridge, symbolizing power and dignity. The emperor is the son of heaven, and the lion in front of the door is naturally the most exquisite, tallest and biggest. The lion is standing in the east, and its front paws are stepping on a ball, which symbolizes that the four seas are one family and the mountains and rivers are forever solid; In ancient times, there was a lioness with a cub under her front paws, which symbolized the eternal imperial power and would be passed down from generation to generation. The river in front of us is called Jinshui River, which is used for decoration and waterproofing. The five bridges on the river symbolize the five virtues advocated by Confucius: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. The whole river looks like a bow, and the central axis is an arrow, which shows that the emperor ruled the country on behalf of heaven.

(in front of Taihe Gate)

The architecture of the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The part from the Wumen Gate to the Gan Qing Gate is the "Outer Courtyard", centering on the three main halls of Ethereum, Zhonghe and Baohe. There are two groups of palaces, Wenhua Palace and Wuying Palace, which are symmetrical left and right, forming a grand pattern of "facing the outside world". Three halls are arranged one after another on the same huge I-shaped white marble foundation. The foundation of the temple is 8 meters high, divided into three layers, each layer is surrounded by white marble railings, and the three platforms have three layers of stone carvings. The Hall of Supreme Harmony, commonly known as the Golden Throne Hall, is the tallest building in the Forbidden City and the largest and most magnificent ancient wooden structure in China. The interior of Gan Qing Gate is divided into "Palace", and the architectural layout is also symmetrical. The central part is Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, where feudal emperors lived and handled their daily affairs. On both sides, the Sixth East-West Palace is the residence of concubines, and the First East-West Palace is the residence of the Prince. There are also three royal gardens-Royal Garden, Cining Garden and Qianlong Garden. Neijinshui River winds around Wuying Hall, Taihe Gate and Wenhua Hall along the west side of "Inner Courtyard" and flows out of the palace. There are white jade stone bridges on the river, and there are winding white jade carved railings on both sides of the river, which are shaped like jade belts. Most of the buildings in the Forbidden City are topped with yellow glazed tiles, which are resplendent and solemn in the sun.

The architecture of the Forbidden City not only highlights the central axis, but also uses various techniques to make each group of buildings in Miyagi unique. For example, the treatment of the temple foundation, the form of the temple roof, the number of kissing animals and hanging animals, the rules of painted patterns and so on. This not only makes the main building more tall and spectacular, but also reflects the hierarchical distinction of palace buildings. According to folklore, there are 9,999 rooms and a half in the Forbidden City. It is said that there are 10000 rooms in the imperial palace in the sky, and the emperor on the ground calls himself "the son of heaven", so he dare not agree, so half of them are missing. Where is this half room? It refers to the small room at the west end of Wen Yuan Pavilion. In fact, there are more than 9,000 rooms in the Forbidden City, and the so-called half room does not exist at all. At the west end of Wen Yuan Pavilion, although the area is very small, it can only accommodate one staircase, but it is still a complete room. Downstairs of Wen Yuan Pavilion is the collection place of the first Si Ku Quan Shu in China. In order to take care of the beautiful layout, the first one in the west was built very small.

(After crossing the Taihe Gate)

Ladies and gentlemen,

The main hall in front is called Hall of Supreme Harmony, commonly known as the Golden Throne Hall, which is the largest palace in the Forbidden City. With a building area of 2,377 square meters and a double-eaved roof, it is the highest floor in the main hall and the largest of the three external halls. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is built on three overlapping I-shaped sumeru seats, carved from white marble, more than 8 meters above the ground, with 2/kloc-0 steps in the lower floor and 9 steps in the middle and upper floors.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony was built in A.D. 1406. It experienced three fires and a soldier's urn was destroyed. What you see now is the architecture of the Qing Dynasty. There is a row of animals on each of the four eaves. It used to nail tiles, but later it was replaced by animals in the legend of China. It is said that it can ward off evil spirits. The more numbers, the more important the building is. There are nine halls of supreme harmony, and 9 is the positive number, followed by 7, 5, 3, 1. This kind of decoration is not allowed in ordinary families.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, 24 emperors ascended the throne here and announced their accession to the throne. New year's day, winter solstice, emperor's birthday, conferring the title of queen, issuing decrees, sending generals to war, spreading the golden palace and giving peace, etc. The emperor will hold a ceremony here to receive congratulations from civil and military officials.

This square is the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, covering an area of 30,000 square meters. The whole square is empty and quiet, giving people a solemn feeling. In the middle of the Imperial Road, the bricks on the left and right floors are scattered with *** 15 floors in case someone digs a tunnel into the palace. There are some vats around. What are they for? There are 308 vats in the Forbidden City for storing water and preventing fire. Charcoal can be burned under barrels to prevent water from freezing in winter. Why build such a big square? It makes people feel the grandeur of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Stand below and look ahead: under the blue sky, yellow tiles are shining. Layers of stone platforms, like white clouds and cigarettes, make the Hall of Supreme Harmony like a fairyland in the sky. During the ceremony, candles were lit on the enamel cranes in the temple, sandalwood was burned in the incense booths and incense burners, pine and cypress branches were burned in the copper furnace, turtles and cranes were placed on the terrace, and cigarettes were wrapped in the corridor in front of the temple. The audience was silent. When the emperor ascended the throne, drums and music rang, and the ministers of civil and military affairs knelt down in the square according to their ranks, looked up at the castle in the clouds and shouted long live to show the supreme authority and dignity of the emperor.

Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was only three years old when he ascended the throne at the end of 1908. His father, Regent Zai Feng, helped him to the throne. At the beginning of the ceremony, drums and music suddenly sounded, scaring the little emperor into crying and clamoring to go home. Zai Feng was so anxious that he was sweating profusely that he had to coax the little emperor into saying, "Don't cry, don't cry, it's almost over, it's almost over, it's almost over!" Ministers thought it was unlucky, but coincidentally, three years later, the Qing Dynasty really perished, thus ending the feudal rule of China for more than two thousand years.

(On the stone platform of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)

This is a bronze incense burner, which was used by the emperor to burn sandalwood at the ceremony. This belt has 18 blocks, representing 18 provinces in Qing Dynasty. There are four bronze cylinders around the temple, symbolizing "Jin Ou is intact", which are used for water storage and fire prevention. There is a bronze crane turtle on both sides of the platform, which is a symbol of longevity. This copper musical instrument is called Jia Liang. Jia Liang was the yardstick at that time, which showed that the emperor was fair, and everyone knew it well. There is also an instrument made of stone called sundial, which is an ancient timer. The emperor means that the benchmark of quantity and time is in his own hands.

There are 12 circular red columns in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, which are about 63 meters long from east to west, 37 meters long from north to south and 35 meters high. There are five exits in the first three floors of the hall, 40 golden doors in front and back of the hall, and 16 golden lock windows. The whole hall is carved with beams and painted with buildings, and it is luxurious. There is a 2-meter-high platform in the center of the temple, on which there are nanmu thrones carved with nine golden dragons. There is a gold lacquer screen in the back, a royal case in the front, and exhibits such as treasures, cranes and incense sticks that are symmetrical left and right. Like an Aquarius, it contains five kinds of grains, symbolizing the scene of peace and abundant grains. Foot end is a kind of god beast in ancient myths and legends of China. It can "travel 18,000 miles a day" and is familiar with the languages of the Quartet. Only a wise monarch can bring books and escort him.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also called the Golden Hall. Why do you call it that? Named after the golden brick land in the temple. The BRICS is as smooth as a mirror, smooth and delicate, like sprinkling a layer of water, emitting a dull light. So do the BRIC countries really contain gold? In fact, this is a kind of brick with special firing method, which is exquisite and complicated. Specially made for the palace, it has the sound of stone, so it is called "BRIC". Burning this kind of brick is equivalent to the price of one stone of rice. It can be seen that although the BRICS does not contain gold, it is indeed valuable.

There are 72 main pillars in the temple, which support their total weight, including 6 carved dragons and carved gold pillars, and the throne is surrounded by gold powder. There is an algae well in the center of the temple, which evolved from the ancient "patio" and "skylight" and is one of the characteristics of ancient Chinese architecture. Mainly set in "noble" buildings, with the meaning of "sacred". There is a relief cricket dragon in the center of the algae well, with a ball in its mouth (the ball is hollow with a copper tire and covered with mercury). This ball is called Xuanyuan Mirror, which is said to have been made by the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan in ancient times. Hanging the ball is connected with the dragon in the algae well, forming the form of Youlong's play beads, hanging on the throne of the emperor to show that all the emperors in China are descendants of Xuanyuan and the orthodox successors of the Yellow Emperor. It makes the palace magnificent and elegant. The mirror is facing the throne. Now the Xuanyuan mirror is not facing the throne. It is said that Yuan Shikai moved the throne back to his present position for fear that the big ball would fall and kill him. There is a story about the dragon chair. 19 16 (five years of the Republic of China) When Yuan Shikai ascended the throne, he removed the original throne and replaced it with a western-style high-backed chair decorated with his own imperial emblem. It is said that his legs are short, so he lowered the chair seat. After the founding of New China, in order to find the Dragon Chair, a broken chair was found in the broken furniture library according to a photo of the past. After expert appraisal, this chair belonged to the emperor's throne and was later restored and exhibited.

(Take the guests to the bronze cylinder on the east or west side of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)

The ancients called the jars displayed in front of the palace "the sea at the door", which means "the sea in front of the door". The ancients believed that there was a sea in front of the door and were not afraid of causing inflammation. So value-added tax is also called auspicious value-added tax. Not only furnishings, but also fire fighting equipment. In ancient times when science was underdeveloped, there was no running water in the palace, let alone fire fighting equipment. Therefore, for the sake of safety, the cylinder must be filled with water all the year round.

In the Qing Dynasty, there were 308 vats in * * *, which were divided into three types by mass, namely, gilded copper barrels, gilded copper barrels and iron barrels, among which gilded copper barrels were the most precious. However, these gold-plated bronze cylinders did not escape the fate that the bayonet of the invaders from Britain, the United States, Germany, France, Russia, Japan, Italy and Austria scraped their bodies. In order to suppress the anti-imperialist patriotic Boxer movement of the people of China, Eight-Nation Alliance captured Peking and occupied the Forbidden City from August 13 to August 15, and 1900. Soldiers and officers burned and looted, and cultural relics looted from palaces and the Summer Palace piled up in the embassy districts of various aggressor countries. So far, museums in London, Paris and new york have seized a large number of cultural relics. All this, including the scratches on the jar in front of us, has become irrefutable evidence of imperialist aggression against China. During the Japanese and Puppet rule, the vat was pulled out of the palace gate, loaded on the trucks of the Japanese invaders, used as bullets, and then slaughtered our people in turn.

(in front of Zhonghe Hall)

The square building in front of us is the Zhonghe Hall. Before the emperor held the ceremony, he went here to rest and meet some officials. When the emperor goes to the four altars of heaven, earth, sun and moon to offer sacrifices, he should also watch the memorial service of Zhonghe Hall the day before. Every February, the emperor will go to the Xiannongtan to hold a pro-farming ceremony, and he will come here the day before to read seeds, farm tools and greetings. What is on display here now is the two shoulders of the Qianlong period, that is, the eight sedan chairs.

(in front of Baohe Hall)

This building is the Baohe Hall. In the Qing Dynasty, banquets were often held here, and princes and ministers of Mongolia and Xinjiang were entertained on the first and fifteenth day of the first month of each year. When the princess got married, the emperor also gave a banquet here. Speaking of Xu, it is the son-in-law that the emperor recruited for his daughter. There is a folk saying: "The emperor's daughter is not worried about marriage." One reason is that there was an imperial examination system in feudal times, that is, the emperor set up examinations to select state officials. Simply put, the emperor opened the exam. This method existed in the Han dynasty, but it did not form customization. The sui dynasty became a fixed system, and in the prosperous Tang dynasty, liberal arts were the most important, and they were selected once a year. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, exams have been held every three years, and subjects such as enlightenment, stereotyped writing in literature, martial arts riding and shooting, weightlifting and so on have been added to each ceremony. Divided into four levels, the first level is a child test, and the successful one is called a scholar; The second level is held in provincial capitals after obtaining the provincial examination, and the winner is called a juren; The third level is the exam, which was held in Beijing Gongyuan, that is, the people said they would go to Beijing to catch the exam, and the admission was called Gong Shi; The highest-level imperial examination was held in Baohe Hall. The emperor himself took the examiner's exam, and the examinee was Jinshi (who won the Jinshi tablet in imperial academy). The top three are champion, second place and flower exploration. The first champion not only galloped on the Royal Avenue, but also worshipped his ancestors. It is a coincidence that he can be an east bed Xu. 1905 abolished the imperial examination system.

(Behind Baohe Hall)

This is the largest Yunlong stone carving in the Forbidden City. Length16.57m, width 3.07m, thickness1.7m, and weight about 200 tons. Stones were collected from fangshan county, hundreds of miles away. At that time, more than 65438+1 00000 people were mining stones, so they pumped water to pave the way in winter. Every1,they dug a well and poured it on it to freeze. The big stone was dragged onto the ice. In the 25th year of Qianlong reign in Qing dynasty (1760), the emperor ordered to chisel away the old patterns carved in Ming dynasty and carve the Yunlong pattern that has been handed down to this day.

Note: The following tours can be divided into three routes. The tour guide will guide the guests according to West Road (Line A), Middle Road (Line B) and East Road (Line C). The explanation is as follows:

Line a

Ladies and gentlemen,

After visiting the three halls of the Forbidden City, I will accompany you to visit various parts of hall of mental cultivation and the Imperial Home Forest. Now, what you see is hall of mental cultivation, which is located at the southern end of the Sixth West Palace on Neixi Road in the Forbidden City, and is symmetrical with the Zhaigong and Fengxian halls on Neidong Road. Besides the Hall of Supreme Harmony, it is also the most important place in the Qing Palace. Yangxintang's word "nourishing the heart" is borrowed from Mencius' sentence of "nourishing the heart and nourishing the nature to serve the sky" to conserve one's nature and cultivate one's traditional feudal concept. This palace was built in the Ming Dynasty and is an I-shaped building. The front and back halls are connected, surrounded by corridors and side rooms, and there is an office outside the door-the military department.

Before Kangxi, the emperor used Gan Qing Palace as his bedroom. After Yongzheng, he used this hall as his bedroom, where he handled his daily affairs. Because of the protection of cultural relics, we can't visit here. You can only look outside the door. There are thrones and imperial cases in the main hall, where the emperor summoned ministers and introduced officials. In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), Wenzong and Sengqin held the most solemn ceremony of "embracing the monarch as a minister" in this temple. In the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), Zeng Guofan was summoned to Nanjing, where he was summoned three times to discuss the suppression of the Taiping Rebellion. Zhang Xun was awarded here in 19 17 Restoration. Xinyuan Pavilion was the place where the emperor reviewed the memorial and handled important documents. There are many suites in the museum, winding and dimly lit, displaying many Buddha statues and pagodas. On the wall opposite the door, there is a portrait of Hanfu of Yongzheng Ganlong, with a secret door behind it to prevent accidents. There is a house on the south side, which contains Wang Xizhi's Snow Will Clear Up, Wang Xizhi's Mid-Autumn Festival Post and Wang Martyr's Yuan Bo Post. Qianlong hid these three rare treasures here, hence the name "Sanxi Hall". Dongnuange is a place where the shogunate hangs. 186 1 year later, Cixi usurped the throne and established a double throne here. The young emperor sat in the front, and Cixi sat in the back, separated by a gauze curtain. The minister talked with the emperor and made a decision. Speaking of which, say a few more words about the infamous Empress Dowager Cixi. She is a Manchu, surnamed Ye, and the daughter of the minister of Lashi. Daoguang fifteen years (1835,165438+1October 29th), was born in Lu 'an, Shanxi. 17 years old (the second year of Xianfeng) entered the palace as an aristocrat, and Zai Chun was born at the age of 2 1 year old, and she became a royal concubine at the age of 22. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng (186 1 year), Emperor Xianfeng died in Jehol in July of 17, and his son succeeded him. She is called "Empress Dowager Cixi". In the same year, she launched a palace coup, namely "Xinyou coup", lived in Tongzhi and Guangxu Dynasties with Empress Dowager Ci 'an, and was in power for 48 years, which brought a devastating disaster to China. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), he died in Zhongnanhai in 15 10 at the age of 73. The present display is the original state when Emperor Guangxu was a child and the Empress Dowager of the two palaces listened to politics. 19 12 Empress Jade Dragon of the Qing Dynasty announced her abdication here, and announced the abdication of Emperor Puyi. According to the preferential terms, he still lived here for 13 years, and was expelled from the Forbidden City by Feng Yuxiang in 1924.

In the middle of the back hall of hall of mental cultivation, there is a "dragon bed", a kang, a throne, a long table carved from rosewood and a Yunlong cabinet. It was the bedroom of eight emperors in Qing Dynasty, who lived in Xuan Tong from Yongzheng. The terraced houses in the east and west courtyards of Houdian are the rest rooms for empresses waiting for the call of the emperor. Qianlong and Tongzhi emperors of the Qing Dynasty all died here. Ok, now we will go to Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace, Kunning Palace, and then to the Imperial Garden.

Line b

(At Gan Qing Palace)

Ladies and gentlemen,

Now let's visit the Forbidden City. To the north of Gan Qing Gate is the Forbidden City, where the Empress lives and lives. Gan Qing Palace is the main hall of the palace. It was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. There are 10 columns on the front, 9 columns wide, 5 columns deep and 20 meters high. It is magnificent and elegant. There is a throne in the center of the temple and warm pavilions at both ends. Above the memorial, there is a "fair and bright" plaque, which is the emperor shunzhi's imperial pen. After Yongzheng, it was a secret place to store imperial edicts. The old emperor wrote the name of the heir in advance, one with him and the other sealed in the box behind the "fair and square" plaque. When the emperor died, Minister Gu Ming opened the storage box and announced the verified heir to the throne. Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng all ascended the throne of Kowloon according to this system.

Gan Qing Palace was the living quarters of emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it was also the place where they usually handled political affairs. After Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, the living quarters moved to hall of mental cultivation. The main hall holds royal banquets on New Year's Day, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Winter Solstice and Wanshou every year. At the end of the Qing dynasty, foreign envoys also deliberated here. Two famous "Thousand Banquets" in Qing Dynasty were held here. One was in the first month of the sixty-first year of Kangxi (1722), and 1000 people attended the banquet. The other time was fifty years of Qianlong (1785), and more than 3,000 people attended the banquet, all of whom were elderly people over 65. The purpose of the banquet is to whitewash the peace and show the prosperity of the country and the health and longevity of the people.

Famous historical events such as "Renyin Palace Change", "Moving Palace Case" and "Red Pill Case" all happened in this palace. After the emperor died, the coffin also stopped here.

(Inside Jiaotai Hall)

Located between Gan Qing Palace and Kunning Palace, this temple symbolizes harmony, peace and health between heaven and earth. Built in 1420 and rebuilt in 1798. The plane of the hall is square, with the width and depth of three rooms. The four corners of the yellow glazed tile are covered with gold-plated roofs, which are smaller than the Zhonghe Hall. The word "inaction" hangs high in the hall. There is a throne in the middle of the hall, and there are four screens behind the throne. On the screen is the inscription of Jiaotai Hall written by Qianlong Imperial Pen. The center of the temple roof is a algae well. This hall is a place to celebrate the queen's grand ceremony and birthday.

In the 13th year of Qianlong (1748), the emperor deposited 25 "jade seals" representing feudal imperial power here. These imperial seals are held by the cabinet and supervised by the palace supervisor. The emperor had to ask for instructions before he was allowed to take it out. There are ancient copper pots and western-style clocks on both sides of the temple to keep time. In view of the instructions of extinction, the ancestors of the Qing dynasty lost an ironclad evidence here, warning the palace not to interfere in politics.

(At the Palace of Kunning)

This palace was originally the main palace where the Empress of the Ming Dynasty lived. In the early Qing dynasty, it was changed to a place where gods were sacrificed and emperors were married. It is located at the back of Jiaotai Hall, which is the last of the last three halls. When it was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, according to Manchu custom, the main entrance was opened in the East Room, the rhombic lattice window was changed into a straight lattice window, and the west heating pavilion in the west of the main hall was changed into a circular kang on the south, west and north sides, which made the main hall different from other palaces. In the Qing Dynasty, the new NuanGe became a place for offering sacrifices to the gods, and the emperor and empress personally attended the North Korea, the evening and the big sacrifices every day. The East Warm Pavilion in the east is the bridal chamber of the emperor's wedding.

C line

Ladies and gentlemen,

After visiting the three halls of the Forbidden City, I will accompany you to visit the scenic spots on the East Line, and first visit the pagoda. This building, called the Forbidden City, was once the place where Emperor Qianlong lived after his abdication. There are more than 1000 treasures and cultural relics on display now, and the famous "Golden Pagoda" is treasured here. "Blonde Tower 1.53 meters high, with a bottom of 0.53 square meters. It was specially made by Emperor Qingganlong to collect the hair that his mother had dropped when combing her hair, as a souvenir. " Dayu Harnesses Water and Jade Mountain is 224 cm high and weighs 5 tons. It depicts various legends of Dayu's water control, and is the largest jade carving in China. Ivory summer sleeping mat is a summer sleeping mat made of ivory silk, with exquisite patterns and beautiful appearance. The three things mentioned above are rare treasures of our country.

(in front of Jiulong wall)

It is called Jiulong Wall, built in 1773, with a total height of about 3.5 meters and a width of 29.4 meters. The lower part of the wall is the friend of Han Baishi, and the wall is made up of 270 pieces of colored glazed plastic. There are nine dragons, rocks, clouds and sea water. This is a wall to ward off evil spirits. 9 is the extreme number of yang, and the dragon is the auspicious beast, so the Nine Dragon Wall has the function of exorcising ghosts and evil spirits. You see, the nine dragons here look different. They are all made of glazed tiles, but the belly of the third dragon on the left is made of wood, and the paint has fallen off. It is said that a craftsman accidentally burned the dragon belly when he was firing, and the next day was the day when the dragon wall was completed. Emperor Qianlong wanted to visit in person. At this extremely urgent moment, he carved the dragon's belly out of clay and pasted it up, which actually fooled the emperor and turned the corner. Later, I asked the carpenter to make a wooden replacement, which is the current patch.

(Come to the Imperial Garden)

The Royal Garden is behind the Kunning Gate and located on the central axis. This is a compact palace-colored leisure garden. Everyone has seen the towering old trees, famous flowers and strange stones in the garden, and most of the buildings are surrounded. The area is small, about11700m, accounting for about 1.7% of the total area of Miyagi. However, due to careful conception, proper arrangement and clear hierarchy, it does not lose the palace spirit. Most of the buildings in the park are symmetrical, but there are changes in shape and decoration. Because the courtyard of Qin 'an Hall in the middle is separated from the trees and bamboo forests, the visual effect is good and there is a deep feeling.

Qin 'an Hall in the north of the Imperial Garden is the main building in the garden, and other halls are symmetrically located on the east and west sides. The base of Qin 'an Temple is a sumitomo made of white marble, surrounded by four ridges and a flat roof. The temple is dedicated to the Taoist Zhenwu Emperor. Every year in beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter, emperors come here to burn incense and salute. Ming Jiajing believed in Taoism and often worked as a Dojo here. There is a cypress tree in front of the temple, which has a history of more than 400 years. It is a cypress tree with the same stem and different roots. There are more than 10 connected trees in the park, most of which are cultivated by conifers and cypresses.

There is Yan Hui Pavilion in the northwest of Qin 'an Hall and a pile of Xiushan in the northeast. Dui Xiushan was built on the basis of the original flower viewing hall in Hougong Garden during the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. The height of the mountain is 14 meter, which is composed of Taihu stones of various shapes. The water sprayed by a pair of stone faucets in front of the mountain is as high as 10 meter, and the scene is spectacular. The path under the mountain twists and turns to the top of the mountain. There is a pavilion at the top called Yujingge. On the ninth day of September every year, on the Double Ninth Festival, the emperor takes a group of empresses to climb Xiushan to see the scenery inside and outside the palace.

In the southeast corner of the garden, there is a crimson snow pavilion, which nourishes the lent in the southwest corner, with a convex and concave prison term, high and low weight, symmetry but not rigidity. Yangxingzhai is a pavilion-style library, with books collected during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor studied English here. There used to be several begonia trees in front of Jiang Xuexuan, which were named after begonia flowers compared with snowflakes. Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty once enjoyed the scenery and wrote poems here. "Crimson" is interpreted as crimson. When the bud of Begonia flower first opens, the petals are as red as rouge, and when it is in full bloom, the color becomes as white as snow. I saw the soft wind blowing slowly, and the begonia flowers fluttered with the swaying twigs, which seemed to be light and colorful "snow" flowers, forming a great spectacle in the imperial garden. There is a cluster of extremely rare Taiping flowers on the glass flower bed in front of the porch, which was moved here from Henan by order of Empress Dowager Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty. Daizao Temple, located in the northeast corner of the garden, is a building with five hanging mountains. It became a library during the Qianlong period, with the famous Yao Hui Siku Quanshu 12000 volumes.

There are famous pavilions in the park, such as Wanchun Pavilion, Fu Bi Pavilion, Qianqiu Pavilion and Cheng Ruiting, which symbolize spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. Wanchun Pavilion and Qian Qiu Pavilion are both square pavilions with double eaves, with an umbrella-shaped dome at the top and twelve corners on all sides, which are beautiful and generous in shape. Cheng Rui Pavilion and Fu Bi Pavilion are square, with Abao House in the south. The stone bridge under the pavilion is soft, with a pool of clear water and goldfish in the water. The Yong Dao in the Imperial Garden is made of various stones with 900 unique patterns, which adds icing on the cake to the forbidden garden of the emperor.

The "West Gate of Qiongyuan" and "East Gate of Qiongyuan" in the southwest and southeast of the Imperial Garden lead to Liugong in the west and Liugong in the east respectively. Shunzhen Gate in the north is three glazed doors juxtaposed with the North Korean palace wall, which are usually closed and only opened when the Empress concubines come in and out.

Seeing this, our visit today is coming to an end. The Forbidden City is a treasure of cultural relics in China and one of the world cultural heritages. Under the protection of the new China Party and government, it shines all over the world. Since 1949, the party and the government have spent hundreds of millions of yuan to repair the Forbidden City. The restoration work has been carried out for decades, and there are generally four major repairs: the first one was carried out after the founding of New China; The second time was launched after the anniversary of the founding of New China in 1959 10; The third time was after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party. The fourth time from 199 1 continued, and spent 65438+300 million to build an underground warehouse in the Forbidden City. Not only for restoration, but also for the collection, arrangement, protection and research of cultural relics. At present, the Palace Museum has more than 930,000 precious cultural relics, not including the 654.38+10,000 pieces still preserved in Nanjing for historical reasons. In addition, on the eve of the founding of New China, Chiang Kai-shek transported more than 600,000 pieces of Forbidden City treasures to Taiwan Province Province and deposited them in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Ok, that's the end of today's lecture. Please criticize and correct me if there are shortcomings! Let's all be emperors and queens, go through the glazed door, leave the Forbidden City from Shenwumen and gather on the tour bus. Thank you!