Brief introduction of Dazu Beishan stone carving

The cliff statue in Beishan was carved in the late Tang Dynasty and ended in the Southern Song Dynasty. The stone carving is located in Beishan, 2 kilometers north of Dazu County. With the Giant Buddha Bay as the center, there are five places around Guanyin Slope, Yingpanpo, Foeryan and Beita Temple. It is more than 500 meters long. The rock is about 7 meters high and statues are made along the cliff. From south to north, it is shaped like a crescent moon, and the cave is like a honeycomb. More than 5000 statues. The sculpture is exquisite, skillful and ingenious. Except for some inscriptions, towers and shallow niches, the rest are well preserved.

Beishan, formerly known as Longgang Mountain, is located 1.5km north of long gang zhen, Dazu County, with an altitude of 545.5m ... The key protected area of Beishan Cliff Statue is 7.62 hectares, the general protected area is 2 1.82 hectares and the construction control area is 28. 15 hectares. The Cliff Statue of Fowan in Beishan was excavated in 892 ~ 1 162 (from the first year of Tang Jingfu in the Southern Song Dynasty to Shaoxing). The cliff is about 300 meters long and 7 ~ 10 meters high. As dense as a honeycomb, the grottoes are divided into south and north sections, generally numbered 290 (1 ~ 100 is the south section and 10 1 ~ 290 is the north section). Among them, there are 264 statues, 1 intaglio painting/kloc-0, and 8 classic buildings.

There are nearly 10,000 cliff statues in Beishan, mainly for secular worship of Buddha. There are 5 1 sculpture theme, mainly Buddhism tantra, accounting for more than half of the total. Followed by third-order religion, pure land Sect and so on. These sculpture themes were very popular among the people at that time, and they were the products of secularization of Buddhism, which was different from the grottoes in China. The sculptures in Beishan are famous for their exquisite carving, exquisite craftsmanship, exquisite elegance, and show the development and changes of China's folk Buddhist beliefs and grottoes' artistic styles from the end of the 9th century to the middle of12nd century (the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty).

At the end of the 9th century, there were 12 kinds of sculpture themes in the late Tang Dynasty, among which Guanyin, Guanyin, Dizang niche, Amitabha threatening Guanyin and Dizang were the majority. The statue is dignified and plump, full of temperament, thin clothes and a legacy of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Pit of Wang Wu, Pit No.9 of Guanyin, Sakyamuni 10, No.3 of 5/kloc-0 and Amitabha No.52 are all his representative works. In particular, Buddhist Sutra No.245 is rich in content in disguised form, with distinct levels, engraved with "three sages of the West", "three lives", "no hatred" and "sixteen views", as well as people engaged in singing and dancing, pavilions and pavilions on the terrace, etc. There are 539 statues and more than 460 cultural relics, which preserve various historical materials of images; It is second to none among similar sculptures in China Grottoes.

/kloc-In the mid-20th century, the Five Dynasties statues accounted for more than one-third of the statues in Beishan, which was the area with the largest number of statues in China during this period, and played an important role in connecting the preceding with the following. There are 18 kinds of sculpture themes, and there are new contents such as the changes of pharmacists' classics and Darani's classic architecture. Its artistic characteristics are small and exquisite, changeable posture, natural and unrestrained manner, and increasingly complicated decorative patterns, showing the transitional style from Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty. For example, the Buddha Bodhisattva statue No.53 has both the fullness and simplicity of the Tang Dynasty sculpture and the slender body of the Song Dynasty sculpture. No.273 avalokitesvara and its waiter, No.281Pure Land of Oriental Pharmacists, etc. , there are thin clothes, tang style, its beautiful appearance, similar to the Song Dynasty.

From the late 10 century to the mid 12 century, there were 2 1 kinds of sculptures in Song Dynasty, especially Guanyin, which was known as the exhibition hall of Guanyin statues in China. The works of this period are closer to life and reflect the aesthetics of the Song Dynasty. Statues have the characteristics of distinctive personality, graceful posture, well-proportioned proportion and gorgeous costumes. The most representative is the1142 ~1146, which passed through the cave. Cave statues reflect their inner peace with their quiet facial depictions, and show their noble status with exquisite costumes. Line modeling, both line and surface, full of China national characteristics. The garland is covered with ribbons, flowers and beads, which are exquisite and decorative; Moreover, many of them are well preserved, just like new engravings, and are recognized as "a pearl in the crown of China Grottoes". Others, such as 125 Zhu Zhu Hand Guanyin,13 Shuiyue Guanyin, 133 Peacock King Cave, 155 Sizhou Dasheng Shrine, 180 Thirteen Guanyin Camouflage Cave, etc. The images, postures, personalities, facial expressions, clothes pleats and decorations of these statues are all intriguing. The combination is full of variety, exquisite carving, step by step, and comprehensive and unexpected artistic conception emerges one after another.

There are seven stone tablets in the cliff statue in Beishan. Among them, the Weijun Jing Monument carved in 895 AD is an important supplement to Tang Shi. 1163 ~1189 carved Zhao Yi's tombstone was written by Cai Jing, one of the four great calligraphers in the Song Dynasty, and it is a treasure of calligraphy art; Chapter 22 "China Ancient Filial Piety Monument" is called "this is the only moment in the world" by historians. In addition, there are inscriptions, poems and 77 statues of 17. Historical geography, religious beliefs, grottoes dating and staging, historical figures and other research values are very high.