How did the Five Mountains come from?

The Five Mountains are the product of the combination of the worship of ancient mountain gods, the concept of five elements and the emperor's hunting meditation.

The theory of the Five Mountains began with Li Zhouguan's Chunda Bo: "Blood sacrifices to the country, five sacrifices to the Five Mountains (definition: blood sacrifices to livestock: land gods, earth gods, five-element gods, mountain gods)".

Zhou Li was written at the end of the Warring States Period, and it was a fusion of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and Yin and Yang. Therefore, the concept of Five Mountains is a kind of worship of mountain gods, which combines the four gods since Xia and Shang Dynasties and the five elements in the early Warring States Period.

In feudal times, the Five Mountains were sealed by the emperor. In order to "repay the contribution of heaven", emperors often take the majestic and steep peaks as auspicious signs, set up altars at the top of the mountains and hold amenorrhea ceremonies.

The theoretical estimate of closing Zen originated from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The first person to hold a large-scale meditation ceremony was Qin Shihuang. The only place where Qin Shihuang personally offered sacrifices was Mount Tai. During the Tang Dynasty and the reign of Wu Zhou, meditation activities were held in Songshan Mountain, Zhongyue, Central Plains. After the history of feudal emperors' meditation, the status of the five mountains was higher.

Extended data:

1, Qin Shihuang closed his eyes.

After Qin unified China, the first emperor toured the east in the 28th year (2 19 BC) and went to the mountain first, where he sacrificed sacrifices and carved stones to celebrate Qin's achievements. At the same time, Confucian scholars from Qi and Lu were called to test the etiquette of Zen, and each Confucian scholar had different opinions.

The first emperor set up his own ritual system, renovated the mountain road and climbed the mountain since the day of Mount Tai. Dengfeng ceremony was held in Daiding, Shi Songdeli. Since the shadow of Mount Tai went down the mountain, the Zen ceremony has dropped to Fu Liangshan. When Qin Shihuang sealed Mount Tai, the sacrificial ceremonies and ceremonies were kept secret. Its essence is to consolidate the imperial power, whitewash the peace, and have the divine right of monarchy.

2. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty closed Zen.

In March of the first year of Yuanfeng (BC 1 10), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty led his ministers to visit Mount Tai in the east and sent people to erect a monument at Daiding. After that, I went to patrol the sea in the east. In April, I returned to Mount Tai and made my own amenorrhea ceremony: to the "landlord" god in Fu Liangshan Auditorium; Later, a memorial ceremony was held, and an altar was built in the east of the foot of the mountain, nine feet high, with jade books buried under it; After the ceremony, Liang Wudi went to Taishan alone with his servant and paid his respects.

The next day, under the cover of Daiyin, according to the etiquette of offering sacrifices to heaven, the Zen Mountain at the northern foot of Shandong was awe-inspiring. After the closing ceremony, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted the greetings from ministers in Tang Ming, changed the name of Ding Yuan to Yuanfeng, and cut down Mount Tai Qianping and Bo Er County to worship Mount Tai, named Gao Feng County. Since then, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has come to Mount Tai five times to hold meditation ceremonies.

3. Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty closed his eyes and meditated.

On February 12th, the thirty-second year of Jianwu (AD 56), Emperor Guangwu led his ministers to Gao Feng, sent 1500 servants to repair the mountain road, and rode more than 3,000 people to lay the foundation stone at Dengfengtai. /kloc-fasting began on 0/5, and firewood was burned in the south of Taishan mountain on 22. After the ceremony, climb the mountain by chariot, take a rest at Daiding, and then change clothes and seal gifts. On the 25th, he meditated in Fu Liangshan and changed his name to Jianwu Zhongyuan.

4. Tang Gaozong's meditation

In October of the second year of Linde (665), Tang Gaozong led hundreds of civil and military officials and their retinue to perform a ceremony, and Wuhou led domestic and foreign maids to set off from Ziwei City, the capital of East China, and traveled hundreds of miles by car, accompanied by envoys and leaders from Turkey, Khotan, Persia, Tianzhu, Japan, Silla, Baekje, Goguryeo and other countries.

After Gao Zongxing's first sacrifice, Wuhou ascended the altar to offer sacrifices. After the closing ceremony, he was welcomed by ministers at the pilgrimage altar and erected three monuments, namely Dengfeng, Zen Buddhism and pilgrimage. The name of the altar is "Wuhetai", the name of Dengfeng is "Long Live Taiwan", and the name of the altar is "King Yuntai", which was renamed Ganfeng County.

5. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty closed his doors to Zen.

In October of the 13th year of Kaiyuan (726), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty led hundreds of officials, nobles and foreign envoys to set out from Wei Zi, the eastern capital, and went to Mount Tai for meditation. The ceremony of closing the Zen Buddhism followed the old system of sealing the Zen Buddhism.

After the Zen seal, Mount Tai was named "King of Heaven and Qi", and the ceremony was improved by three grades. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty personally wrote the book "On the Chromium", which was held in Daguanfeng, Daiding. Zhong Zhang, the minister of books, wrote "Ode to the Altar", the assistant minister of the Central Plains wrote "Ode to the Altar of the Country", and Su, the minister of rites? Writing "Ode to the Altar of Hajj" is of great help to Kidd.

6, Song Zhenzong meditation.

In October of the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008), Song Zhenzong set out from Bianjing, rode a horde and sealed Mount Tai in Dongyue. Change Ganfeng County to Fengfu County; Mount Tai was named "the Holy Emperor of Heaven and Qi"; The goddess of Mount Tai is called "Fairy and Jade Girl Bi Xia Yuan Jun"; On the east side of the Tang Cliff on the top of Mount Tai, the inscription "Xie Tianshu narrates double saints and merits" is engraved.

Zhao Wangdan wrote Ode to the Altar, Wang Qinruo wrote Ode to the First Altar of the Country, and Chen Yaocuo wrote Ode to the Altar of Hajj. All three of them stood at the foot of the mountain. At present, only Wang Dan's Ode to the Altar is still preserved in the courtyard of Dai Temple.

7. After Song Zhenzong, the emperor came to Mount Tai only to hold a sacrificial ceremony, and there was no meditation.

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