What does Archie Seyfield mean?

Various interpretations of Achina and Seth Black;

The argument that Yunyou changed its name to Aquinas and Yunyou changed its name to Seth Black, which was interpreted as "dog" and "pig", aroused people's suspicion and textual research, and began in the Guangxu period of the late Qing Dynasty. Mr. Lu Xun said in the article "Talk about Quasi-Yue Feng" that ... Manchu was in midsummer and soon became infected with such a pure wind. If Yong Zhengdi wanted to get rid of his brothers, he made an imperial edict to change them into Aquinas and Seth Black. I don't know Manchu, so I can't translate. They are about pigs and dogs. ”。 But in the notes of this article, it is clearly marked as: the former means dog, and the latter means pig. What Mr. Lu Xun said in the article is very objective. He didn't draw a conclusion, and it was not invented by Mr. Lu Xun, because this statement has been circulating for a long time, but he didn't know what the annotator meant by interpreting the former as a "dog" and the latter as a "pig". As early as the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, there was a lecturer in imperial academy, Mr. Zhen Fei, who raised an objection. He thinks that Seth Black got the meaning of "pig" wrong, and it should be "barrel handle".

Over the years, several experts in Qing history questioned the fact that Yunyou and Yunyou were renamed Aquinas and Seth Black, and made textual research from different angles. For example, Mr. Chen, a famous historian in China, thinks that the explanation of Akina and Seth Black as "dogs" and "pigs" is inaccurate and has carried out textual research. He said: "The names of Yunyou and Yunyou were changed to Akina and Sethihei. Secular people think that the "pig" and "dog" in Manchu have no roots. Neither Achina nor Seth Black is a transliteration of' pig' and' dog' in Manchu. Sejong has no reason to name his father after pigs and dogs. " Mr. Chen also pointed out that the meaning of Seth Black mentioned by minister Wen in the late Qing Dynasty should be changed to "waist basket". He thinks it is also difficult to solve the problem of "carrying the handle of the bucket", but "Yin Ke stumbled upon the word" waist basket "in Manchu in" Wen Qing Jian Qi Men ",and if the word" clothes "is affixed at the end of the ethnic language, it will be applicable to Seth Black. According to Sejong in Donghua Record, Seth is black and fat, and his brothers laugh but despise and mean. Is it the image that he changed his name to take shape, and if the word "carrying a bucket handle" is a ritual drink, the memory of the inheritor is not accurate? "Teacher Chen proposed to interpret Seth Black as a' waist basket', which is similar to Yun Chen's' fat and bloated' image in sound. Because the word "waist basket" in Manchu is written as Saisaha and pronounced as "waist basket", if "I" is added at the end, it becomes Saisaha, which is very similar to Seth Black, so Mr. Chen has the saying that Seth Black interprets it as "waist basket".

In the early 1980s, Mr. Yu Lin, an expert in Manchu, published an article in the Journal of Dream of Red Mansions, explaining the names of Alcina and Seth Black from the perspective of the spoken meaning of Manchu. He believes that these two words originated from Manchu spoken language, and Aqina evolved from Manchu root "Aiqi" or "Aqi", which means to drive someone away like a dog. Seth Black is also a spoken language, which comes from the root "seshembi", which means that pigs stab people.

At the end of 1990s, Mr. Wang Zhonghan, a famous expert in Qing history, presented his masterpiece "A Re-interpretation of Akina and Seth Black and Manchu Traditional Culture" at the international academic seminar commemorating the 70th anniversary of the establishment of Shenyang Palace Museum in China, and made a detailed exposition and textual research on several different meanings of the renaming of Akina and Seth Black, such as the taboo of renaming themselves or others, the naming of pigs and dogs, and the traditional customs of Manchu and Chinese naming. Mr. Wang Zhonghan pointed out: "On the surface, Achina and Seth Black seem to have nothing to do with the transliteration of' dog' and' pig' in Manchu, but in any case, both of them changed their names with contempt and contempt, which is completely certain." . In a word, Mr. Wang thinks that although the names of Akina and Seth Black don't really mean "dog" and "pig", they both mean to be despised and despised.

What you said above is naturally based on the official documents of the Qing Dynasty or the spoken Manchu language and word formation, which is already very valuable, but the official documents of the Qing Dynasty have not been deleted and whitewashed, making it difficult for people to know the truth. The records of Manchu original files are the most informative, which helps us to solve the mystery in the research. Today, a Manchu file in the Black Soil Archives of Liaoning Province in the early years of Yongzheng not only records the process of changing the imperial clan's name to Akina and Ceshei by Huang Bazi's traveling and Huang Jiuzi's traveling, but also changes each of the eight traveling sons into a posthumous title that is not recorded in official documents, thus proving that Akina and Ceshei are not.

The whole story of the renaming of Yi Yun and Yi Yun's father and son in the archives of Manchu black painting;

According to the Draft of Qing History and Records of Sejong in Qing Dynasty, Yunyi changed her name to Akina, and Yunyi changed her name to Prince Seth Heiwei Cheng and Hener, which was approved by Yong Zhengdi. However, whether Yunyou and Yunyou changed their names by themselves or by others, their backgrounds have a certain influence on the interpretation of the words Achina and Sethei. Therefore, when studying the meaning of Achina and Sethei, we should first explore the background of renaming that year. According to the draft of Qing history, Yun Guo changed its name after detaining Zong Renfu, while Records of Qing Sejong said that "Wang and others asked Yun Guo where it changed its name, and Yun Guo changed its name to Aqina". Then, how is the Manchu "black picture file" recorded? There is a short but unadorned record in the archives, which is now transliterated in the western alphabet as follows: "…… Nene Me Akina Gebuhalar Adegeren Wang Ambasa Genefi u Dudu Mudan Sorgirejaka de Teni Gebuaraha ……" Translated into Chinese, that is, "……… Akina changed her name because Wang urged her several times". That is to say, when Yunyun was ordered to change her name, she was forced to change her name to Akina in anger at Wang's repeated urging. You can imagine the grief and indignation at that time. Because Yu Yun is not only a phoenix, but also a new gentleman, Yin Zhen has to admit that he is "quite talented". Now he is not only imprisoned as a prisoner, but also forced to change his name and surname and leave the Sect. What will the name change in this mood?

As for Yunchen's name changed to Seth Black, the official book was written by Prince Cheng and Prince Heng and approved by the emperor. The reason is that "Yunchan changed his name, and Wang decided to send Yi to change himself. If the order is changed and Yi is more treacherous, it will be handed over to Prince Cheng and Prince Heng to make changes as appropriate. Looking for discussion, Yunyan should be changed to Seth Black, from it. " I know that Yunchan changed his name, but I don't know how "treacherous" Yunchan was, and the proposed name didn't conform to the imperial edict, so I was only satisfied when the second prince proposed to change it to Seth Black. The Record of Sejong also mentions that the son of Hehe changed his name, but it is not recorded what the names of the eight sons were changed, only that the name of his son was changed to Bao Bodhisattva.

There are also detailed records of Yunyun and his eight sons' renaming in Manchu Black Map Archives, but there is no record of how Yunyun was "treacherous" and "scribbled" when he changed his name. However, the file mentioned Yunyun's passbook "changed its name in disorder" and "Wang read it", which was clear and true. Because the emperor was not satisfied, he ordered the two kings, Cheng and Heng, to rename Yunchan Saisihei and give their sons a nickname that was not in the official book. The Manchu Archives made the following records: "……". According to the correspondence between Prince He Shuocheng and Prince Heng, "This is Qin obeying the imperial edict. On May 14th, the 4th year of Yongzheng, the passbook Wang, who wrote Yunchan and Yunchan's name, played it after reading it. Today, he was summoned and issued a letter: Please ask Chu Zong, the minister of Zhenglanqi, to rewrite Yunchan's name, and so on ... Today, it is not necessary to rewrite the names of Chu Zong, Yunchan and Yunchan and give them to Prince Cheng. Respect this and obey it. The two of us rewrote the name of Yunchan into color silk and (written in Chinese as color silk and). His eldest son changed his name to Fu Xihun (despicable), his second son to Fochuhun (despicable), his third son to Houbier Da (hateful), his fourth son to Edmund (disgusting), his fifth son to Blue Ocean (unfortunately about good fortune), his sixth son to Dong Qi (lazy) and his seventh son to Du Xixian (stupid). For this reason, please refer to the language of Flag Enforcement Management. The date at the end of the article was omitted. In the Qing Dynasty, we can find the meaning of the names rewritten by Prince Cheng and Prince Heng to Yunchan Bazi in the Manchu-Chinese translation reference book Wen Qing Hui Zong.

Do Achina and Seth Black mean pigs and dogs?

Akina writes Akina in the black map file, but there is no Yu in Chinese that can be marked with the sound of "ki", so Chinese uses "qi" to represent and write Akina. However, there is no word akina in the full text, but there is a verb acimbi, which means horses, cattle and other livestock "carry" things in Chinese. Only livestock can use the word "pack", but people can't use this word. They should use words like "back" and "negative". Therefore, the author thinks that Aqina is a nominalization of the verb acimbi, which can also be translated into the meaning of "beast". Some people say that Archie is not as good as a pig or a dog. Then, don't people who are inferior to pigs and dogs also contain the meaning of animals? Some people think that since there is no word akina in Manchu, it is enough to spell it into several meaningless letters. However, it should not be overlooked that this is an unusual person, whose name was rewritten in an unusual historical background and recognized by Yong Zhengdi. However, as a member of the eight emperors (referring to Yunchan, Yunchan, Yunchan, etc.), Yunchan. ), when I changed my name for the first time, I didn't pass because of the cunning words. Therefore, it is impossible for Yun Yunzhi to change her name to Akina, but it should be related to the background analysis when she changed her name.

In the Qing Dynasty, the struggle for imperial power was the fiercest during the Kang Yong period. Since the middle and late period of Kangxi, the governors have formed a party and competed for the throne, which not only weakened the centralized rule, but also had a very bad influence on the political and social atmosphere in the early Qing Dynasty. After Yin Zhen succeeded to the throne, the emperor's eight sub-parties, such as Yunyou and Yunyou, were unwilling to fail and continued to be enemies with the new king. Although Yin Zhen knew that Yunyou and others were his opponents for many years, considering the power and influence of the Eighth Party in the ruling and opposition empire, Yunyou was really talented and smart. Therefore, at the beginning of his coming to power, he was entrusted with the affairs of traveling as a prime minister and promoted to Prince Lian. Later, he was appointed to be in charge of all affairs such as the hospital and the Ministry of Industry. Yin Zhen may have adopted a policy of playing hard to get. However, if Yunyou can lose his "ability to manage the world" to help his brother govern the country in a hopeless situation, it may change his fate. However, on the contrary, after the failure of Yun and others, the power struggle of the group continued. They betrayed the public, spread rumors of Yin Zhen's "killing his father", "forcing his mother", "excessive drinking" and "lewdness", and made his followers create the "October Rebellion, the Eight Buddhas Incident". As a result, when the Yin Zhen regime was stable in Yongzheng four years, they had to deal with Yu Yun and others. Yunyou was first deprived of the title of prince, then deprived of the king of the people, and even lost his ancestral home. Yin Zhen repeatedly rebuked Yunyou for being "unfaithful and unfilial, and committing the most heinous crimes", which was a violation of the country, "behaving like a dog" and "exterminating the man of father and son". In this case, and under Wang's repeated urging, the pain of being forced to be helpless can be imagined, so I changed my name to Akina, which means that since you have excluded me from human relations, I will be called an animal. We can't generalize about the mood when we changed our name, but the Manchu file records were renamed under repeated urging. This key sentence was deleted in the Qing Dynasty's "Qing Shi Draft Shi Zong Shi Lu" and became an understated "inquiry". As we all know, there is a big difference between "urging many times" and "asking". Therefore, the author thinks that Yi Yun changed her name to Alcina in a rage, which only refers to the derogatory meaning of "beast" and does not call herself "dog". Moreover, the word "dog" has a proper noun in Manchu called "in-dahun", which transliterates and has nothing in common with Achina.

As for Yunchan's name changed to Seth Black, writing "seshe" in the black map file, transliterated as Sesihe, should have evolved from the verbs seshembi (that is, Sesi and mbi). Seshembi is a polysemous word that means disgust, boredom and trembling. Wen Qing Hui Zong was interpreted as disgust, such as getting tired of eating something often, and horses and animals fell off their heads shaking. Seshe is an imperative sentence, meaning "disgusting" and "trembling". From the analysis of Yun Chan's "fat and bloated" image, it can be interpreted as a fat and annoying thing, that is, a fat and annoying person. Although Yunchan is rich, his intelligence among brothers is average, which Yunchan can't match. And its chubby appearance is boring. Yin Zhen often said that Yunchan was "playful and contemptible" to his brothers, and even his father Kangxi Emperor was "not equal to the number" before his death. However, this person doesn't know much, so he tried to save his position with Yunyun, and ended up in a sad end. Sincere Prince Yun Zhi, whose name was changed by Yunyun's orders, has always been "ungrateful to his brother". After Yunyun was convicted, Yun Zhi asked the emperor, "If you give it to me, I can put it to death." . Explain the evil of Yun Zhi. When he and Prince Heng were given the task of rewriting their names, they naturally despised them and called them Seth Black. If explained from a polysemous word, it means to make this "fat and annoying thing tremble", in short, it is a fat and annoying person. Of course, it's not exactly a "pig". Even if Yuncan looks as annoying as a fat pig, it's just disgust. In Manchu, "pig" and "dog" have a proper noun "Urjian", which is transliterated as "Houlle Jian" and has no similarity or connection with Seth Black.

In addition, Mi Yun Mi Yun was renamed Aquinas and Seth Black, both of which were approved by Yong Zhengdi. Although they changed their names and left the clan, they couldn't change the fact that they were all "Long Mai" of Ai Xinjue Roche. So Yong Zhengdi will never allow these two half brothers to be called "dogs" and "pigs". Yin Zhen hates the word "a" mentioned by Yin Xi when he calls names. He said; "The word home refers to a wide range of people, so don't you think about me alone?" He also accused Yu Yun of cursing himself and "losing his conscience". It can be seen that Yong Zhengdi and his brothers never want to associate with pigs and dogs, and certainly will not agree to change their names to "dogs" and "pigs".

Judging from the names rewritten by Wang Cheng and Wang Heng for Yunyun's eight sons, there are no names such as puppy or pig except "despicable", "despicable", "disgusting", "stupid" and "lazy". However, it is not derogatory to change Yunzi's name to Bodhisattva Bao. Many people in Manchu have this name, but the word "Hong" of Fengzi has been changed to the name of ordinary people. Judging from the rewritten names of Yun -38' s eight sons, it only provides strong evidence that Yun -38 was renamed as Aquinas and Seth Black, but it doesn't really mean "dog" and "pig". For many years, this "black map file" record is really precious because no original Manchu materials have been found.

There is a reason why Yunchan's eight sons also changed their nicknames. They were not only influenced by their hated father, but also participated in the hostility between their father and the emperor. For example, Yin Guangzhi has made up other words with his father, sent messages, and even called his father's words "hui" in his letter. According to the records of Emperor Sejong of the Qing Dynasty, "... I sent someone to inquire about Wan Yun's son's good fortune. According to Hongyun, Bao Tong (Wan Yun's confidant) came to Beijing last year 1 1 month, and my father sent me a grid to study, so I wrote and mailed it. I learned it from Bao Tong Institute, so I wrote it and sent it to other languages ... Before I saw that the scholar Yun was honest, I stayed in Beijing to take care of the housework of Yi family, only to find that it was so complicated. "He also said," Wan Yun sent a letter to Hongyun to make good use of Zhu Shu. In Hongyun's letter, I called my father's words a will, and all kinds of illegal acts were obvious. " No wonder they hate Yunchan's son, that is, his nephew, so when Prince Heng changed Yunchan's name to Seth Black, they also removed their ancestral home and changed their nicknames.

To sum up, the eight sons of Yungundi were renamed Achina, the nine sons of Yungundi were renamed Seth Black, and the imperial clan was cut. Although it was a power struggle within the royal ruling clique in the Qing Dynasty, the factional struggle that lasted for half a century was bound to have a bad influence on the country's politics, economy, culture and even the whole social atmosphere. Yong Zhengdi, who personally toured the country, was deeply hurt and changed it.

Re-interpretation of Achina and Seth Black from the newly discovered Manchu archives.

Article source: China Journal Network

Author: Wang Peihuan

Publication: Journal of the Palace Museum, No.2, 2000)

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