What are the folk customs of Jinyun?

Jinyun's folkway is simple, honest, etiquette-oriented, sociable, respecting agriculture and Confucianism, worshipping literature, being frugal and self-interested, and being generous to others. Specific performance in the following aspects:

Folk festivals

The folk festivals in Jinyun mainly include: Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Long Summer, Yellow Emperor Sacrifice, Dragon Boat Festival, Qixi Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival.

Spring Festival: Spring Festival is the Lunar New Year in China, and it is also the largest and most solemn traditional folk festival in urban and rural areas of China. In order to welcome the Spring Festival, people have to do a series of preparatory work, such as buying new year's goods, cleaning, hanging lanterns, putting up Spring Festival couplets and setting off fireworks and firecrackers in rural areas. Family members working in other places generally need to go home for the New Year before New Year's Eve.

Jinyun's New Year begins on February 25th and ends on the 30th of the lunar calendar 12. In addition to your own family, you should also invite your neighbors and close relatives and friends to dinner. The more, the better. It means that the neighborhood is harmonious and indicates that people are prosperous. On New Year's Eve, you must also prepare everything you need to eat and wear the next day. On the other hand, wearing new clothes and eating leftovers on the first day, doing nothing else. It indicates that the coming year will be full of food and clothing, money and leisure. I must visit my relatives and friends during the Spring Festival. Nowadays, many people go sightseeing all over the country or abroad, which is a new way to celebrate festivals and a new social fashion.

Lantern Festival: Jinyun people call the fifteenth day of the first month the first half of the month. Since ancient times, people have long formed the tradition of the Half Moon Festival or the Lantern Festival. Just after the first day of junior high school, everyone was in high spirits and busy with the preparations for the Lantern Festival. For example, dragon cards are generally 1.2 feet long, 1.8 cm wide and 8 cm thick, and should be made of the finest pine. The dragon shell should be cut into thin strips with superior bamboo, tied with storage, pasted with transparent paper, and finally drawn by a qualified artist, in order to successfully create a dragon. On the twelfth day of the first month, a formal opening ceremony was held. Before the opening ceremony, people must worship, and the venerable elders put the finishing touch on the ceremony before lighting the lanterns. Ban Long consists of a dragon head, a dragon body and a dragon tail. More than 300 knots are long and more than 0/00 knots are short. Each knot is carried by two people. The faucet should be carried by 16 people, shaking his head and wagging his tail. There are gongs all around in front, the band clears the way, the dragon balls roll, and the lampstands are on both sides. Sometimes it's a long dragon, sometimes it's a dragon with lights. Depart at 3 pm every day and return after 12 pm. By the end of the 16th day of the first month, the dragon will be torn to pieces, and the dragon board will be sent back to the room for use next year. Ban Long rushed out, and the pavilion, lanterns, yangko team, the Eight Immortals team and the Lions team also started. People crowded on both sides of the road to gather and watch, and the sound of gongs and drums, firecrackers and cheers resounded through the sky.

Tomb-Sweeping Day: Mainly sacrificial activities. The big one is the Xiandu people offering sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor, which is presided over by the county CPPCC and funded by the heads of private enterprises or individuals. Etiquette is consistent with the public sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor. The small ones are folk family sacrifices and family sacrifices. Generally, people who go out will go home to worship their ancestors to show their respect and nostalgia for their ancestors. When offering sacrifices to ancestors, sweeping graves is essential. It is a special food of Jinyun, which is available in every household in rural areas and can be bought in the county market.

Long summer: Long summer wants to eat long summer rice, long summer soup, and some eat rubber (a pancake made of eggs and flour). Long summer rice is made of rice mixed with broad beans, bamboo shoots, mustard greens and fried eggs. Changxia soup is made of red dates, longan, lychee, beans and peanuts with brown sugar. It is usually eaten as snacks or at night. Since the long summer, farming has gradually become busy. According to folklore, eating bamboo shoots can set bones, and frying eggs is like a hat, which is said to protect against sun and rain. On this day, it is forbidden to sit on the threshold in the long summer to prevent the heat, and there is a folk custom of weighing.

Dragon Boat Festival: Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. On this day, the custom of Jinyun is that every household hangs mugwort leaves in the hall to ward off evil spirits. Using calamus as a sword and inserting it on the lintel has the magical effect of exorcising ghosts. People want to eat realgar wine and sprinkle realgar wine powder in the corner of the house, or adults want to coat realgar wine on their children's faces and bodies in order to drive away diseases such as germs and moths. Wearing sachets for children not only means avoiding evil spirits and expelling plague, but also has the wind of embellishment on the front. The sachet contains cinnabar, realgar and fragrant medicine, and is wrapped in silk cloth, which is full of fragrance. Then it is tied into ropes with five-color silk threads and made into strings of various shapes, which are exquisite and incomparable. In Jinyun, Zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival must be given by a married daughter. This day is also the first day for children to take a cold bath.

Tanabata: On July 7th, the biggest activity was the Temple Fair for Sacrificing Mountain (which we will introduce in detail in the tour guide later), followed by Pilarhats. Luohan is the most representative folk performing art handed down in the history of Jinyun County, which can be divided into three types: welcoming Luohan, stacking Luohan and carrying Luohan.

Lohan welcoming guests is a traditional festival in Jinyun village, which is mainly held on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. The villages in the county formed the Luohan team, among which the tuba, trombone and gongs and drums team opened the way, followed by Mao (long flag), Luohan team, Line 36, Eighteen Foxes, Tongbian and Yangko team, which walked from the village to the fixed temple, and all villages along the way asked for tea. This festival is mainly to pray for good weather and peace in the world for more than a year.

The pyramid-shaped Luohan was chosen on a relatively large Taoist altar, dressed in antique clothes and tied with a big cloth bag around his waist. It is called pyramid-shaped arhat column (composed of base column, middle column and top column), left and right four people (called wings) and pyramid-shaped arhat top, * * * 8- 12 people.

After the arhats are stacked, firecrackers and drums are blaring, suona and tuba are blaring. It is necessary to circle the patio 8- 10, and choose the most spacious road in the village to gather along the street, followed by the audience, which is very lively, mainly to pray for good luck and good harvest.

Mid-Autumn Festival: It is an important festival for Jinyun people. Its form is roughly similar to that of all parts of the country. The older generation asks the younger generation to go home and reunite as much as possible. On holidays, every household will not only eat moon cakes, but also make a sumptuous banquet, and the whole family will get together and enjoy family happiness.

Double Ninth Festival: The most important thing is the official ceremony of offering sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor. Dinghu Peak in Xiandu is the place where Huangdi's alchemy inspires hundreds of gods to soar, and Huangdi Temple is an important place to worship Huangdi in the south of China, echoing with Huangling in Shaanxi, forming a pattern of "Beiling South Temple" to remember ancestors. Every year, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Chung Yeung Festival hold ceremonies to offer sacrifices to people and the Yellow Emperor respectively. Sacrificial activities take "ceremony" as the standard, and are carried out in the way of combining tradition with modernity, ceremony with music. During this period, Xiandu will carry out various competitive activities, folk cultural performances, cultural exchanges and other activities (this will be explained in detail in the tour guide of Dinghufeng Scenic Area). September 9th is the Day for the Elderly, and the county has carried out some fitness and entertainment activities to respect the elderly. Sometimes large-scale rock climbing activities are held. On this day, people have the tradition of eating sesame paste and golden balls (a sweet food made of glutinous rice).

Second, culture and entertainment.

1. Wu Opera: It is one of the famous operas in Zhejiang. Formerly known as Gaoqiang, Kunqiang, Huiban, Luantan, Sanhe Opera, etc. Because it was mainly popular in Jinhua (formerly Wuzhou), it was changed to this name after liberation. Wu Opera combines the essence of Kunqu Opera, Huizhou Opera and other operas, and it is a new kind of drama formed through the integration and development of many parties. The performance of Wu drama is exaggerated, vivid, vivid and intense, and it pays attention to martial arts, which is made. The so-called "martial arts are the best, martial arts are the best." In the past, because there were no sleeves in costumes, the performances were mainly fingers and wrists, and the appearance and performances were similar to those of Dunhuang murals, which were unique. And there are many stunts, such as changing face, punching teeth, rolling lights, red boxing, flying forks, playing beads and so on. The roles are divided into old students, foreigners, vice principals, young students, Dahualian (net), Erhualian (deputy), Xiaohualian (ugly), Sihualian (Jason Wu), Hua Dan, Zuo Dan, Zheng Dan, Lao Dan, Wu Xiaodan, Dan Liang, (the third Hua Dan) and Za (playing immortals, tigers and dogs).

Famous actors include Jiang, Xu Dongfu, Zhou Yuexian, Zhou, Xu Xigui, Ye Agou, Ge Suyun and Wu Guangyu.

The traditional plays of Wu Opera are very rich, among which the more influential ones are: Monks and nuns' Meeting, Duijie, Golden Seal, Sun Bin, Pang Juan, Three Invitations to Pear Blossom, Broken Bridge, Tears of Beauty and the modern play The Peach Storm.

2. Tea-picking drama: It is a folk drama, also known as "Lantern Opera". According to legend, it was performed in Xinbixi Village as early as Yongle in Ming Dynasty, and it was widely circulated in Qing Dynasty. Its music comes from folk songs, and its programs include Twelve Picking Tea, Selling Tea, Serving Tea, Asking for Tea Rent and Four Sisters Picking Flowers. /kloc-in the 1920s, Anhui Opera and Chaos Opera began to mix together. There are still folk performances.

3. Drum Ci: A folk art, commonly known as "singing drums", is popular in Jinyun County. Most people who sing drums are blind. The content of drum lyrics is mostly adapted from traditional operas and folk stories, and most of them have no songs and rely on words. The accompaniment instruments of drum lyrics are drums and boards, and the lyrics are mainly 7 sentences, with occasional 4- 1 1 sentences. Singing methods are mostly chanting, and white, table and singing are compatible. According to the needs of the plot, opera arias and folk tunes are also inserted, with three rhythms: slow board, medium board and tight board; According to different feelings, there are flat, clean, cursing, crying and surfing.

Traditional songs that are often sung are: buying firewood, loving righteousness, jade phoenix chain, full door fairy, double gold twins, water red robe, jade hairpin, lotus fan, double beads, tianbao map and so on.

4. Lotus: It belongs to folk quyi. When welcoming the gods, the singers wear robes and straw hats, and the scale is dozens or hundreds. The percussion instruments used are big boards, small boards, centipede sticks, ringing plates, ringing lights, wooden fish, bamboo sticks and so on. The basic tunes are "Gao Yun", "Yun Ping" and "Chamerlat", which is very rhythmic when singing. Each Lotus Team has a fixed repertoire, which has been handed down from generation to generation. Because the tunes are popular and the lyrics are colloquial, the content of singing is loved by the masses and deeply loved by the people.

5. Steel fork dance: According to Zhu's genealogy, steel fork dance began in the Dragon Period (A.D. 1570) and has a history of nearly 500 years. Its origin is related to offering sacrifices to Guan Yunchang. It is said that May 13 every year is Guan Yunchang Memorial Day. In order to express his gratitude, the village always invites a famous troupe to perform for three days and nights, and the village organizes a reception. Yingan is a common folk saying, including Luohan class, table corner, high platform, long-legged deer, cart, folding square, pig knife and so on. Lohan class is actually a martial arts class, including knife dance, beating sticks, boxing, double mace, spear, shield, bell fork and so on. The bell fork also represents a weapon, which is imitated from eighteen ancient weapons. He is full of masculinity, and is said to have the function of exorcising evil spirits and protecting righteousness, which can carry forward Guan Yunchang's spirit of loyalty and serving the country, exorcising evil spirits and protecting righteousness. Therefore, when filing a case every year, he has to go to the Guandi Temple to worship before he can do so. In order to carry forward this folk culture, a few performers in the past gradually popularized it and became an activity of the masses. Steel Fork Dance also participated in large-scale street activities in Lishui and Wu Shan Square Culture and Art Festival, which was well received. Steel Fork Dance also won the gold medal in the opening ceremony of the third Square Culture and Art Festival in Zhejiang Province in 2002 and the provincial folk dance (drum music) competition.

6. Welcome to the Temple Fair: A cultural temple fair developed as a sacrifice to Gong Hu and Empress Chen has a history of nearly a thousand years. The temple fair, commonly known as "An Ying", is actually a large-scale folk sports performance.

Every year, on the first day of the first lunar month, Gong Hu is greeted in the village in front of the Eight Palaces, and the Prime Minister in white is greeted in Waiqian Village; On the second day of February, Shuikou Village welcomed Queen Chen; On May 13th, Guan Yu was welcomed in Zhu Jin Village. On the sixth day of June, Yanbei Village and Guicun greeted Zhu Xianggong; On the seventh day of July, the village welcomed San Taizu; On the seventh day of July and the 15th of October, the Kaishan Temple Fair welcomed the 14th Queen Chen; On August 9th, Jingyue welcomed Gong Hu, among which Hongyan Mountain, Xianshan Temple and Chenghuang Temple were the most grand, and several villages in Fiona Fang organized teams to deliver cases, reaching 30-40 teams for a long time. The team to welcome the case is mainly Luohan class, as well as stilts, thirty-six lines, eighteen foxes, lotus, deaf mute and small singing classes. Before Lohan moves, set a "big head". Proud of this, the person in charge took the lead in investing in a series of villagers, called "piercing the nose", and then held a dinner to raise money to hire a coach, and then held a food celebration again after the event. On the day of the temple fair, several villages were invited to perform. At the climax, there are forty or fifty "Luohan" teams a day, and each village shows its unique skills, colorful and spectacular.

This is a folk entertainment and fitness activity, and it is a grand festival for farmers themselves. Many excellent traditional programs have been preserved to this day and become the treasures of folk art.

Besides, Jinyun's songs and dances, concerts, nightclubs, folk performances and karaoke activities are all colorful, adding endless fun to people's nightlife.

San local specialty

Friends, our native products in Jinyun are very rich, mainly including sweet slices, Jinyun earth noodles, day lilies, alpine water bamboo, alpine radish, alpine pepper, October wine, stone carvings, mushrooms, tea leaves, ducks and so on.

1, Fanshan Tablet: In ancient times, Jinyun people were called "Fanshan Mountain in Jinyun" for two reasons: first, it means that Jinyun people are honest and clean, and second, it means that Jinyun County is a big county that produces Fanshan Mountain. Sweet potato chips are made from potato chips through selection, cleaning, peeling, slicing, boiling, fishing out and drying. This series is soft and translucent, crisp and sweet. The first-class product is about 8× 16 cm, rectangular, and after cutting, it becomes various auspicious and unique patterns, which are very ornamental and edible after frying, as a welcome to distinguished guests.

2, day lily: commonly known as the golden lily. Daylily in Jinyun has been cultivated for more than 600 years. The dried day lily is light yellow or golden yellow, shiny, rich in meat and nutrition, containing 18 kinds of amino acids. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, daylily has the functions of calming the nerves, strengthening the stomach, relieving fever and pain, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling, and is a good family food.

3. Jinyun Noodle: Also known as Jinyun Noodle, it is made of local special wheat flour, edible salt and natural spring water by traditional handicrafts without any additives. It is a treasure among traditional folk specialties. Every time Jinyun people visit relatives and friends, they always give them by asking for gifts. Celebrate birthday with noodles to show longevity; On the first day of the new year, every family eats noodles and eggs for good luck and prosperity in the new year.

4. Alpine Zizania latifolia: Alpine Zizania latifolia has soft meat, tender and white texture, delicious taste, rich nutrition, sugar content of about 4%, protein content of about 1.5%, and various vitamins and amino acids. As a "pollution-free" green food, it sells well in large and medium-sized cities inside and outside the province.

5. Alpine radish: Alpine radish is the main variety of root vegetables, containing sugars, vitamins and inorganic salts, especially amylolytic enzymes, which can promote people's appetite and digestion. This radish has the characteristics of tender meat, rich water content, not easy to be hollow, smooth skin and so on.

6. Alpine pepper: belonging to solanaceae vegetables. Its fruit is green when it is immature and red when it is ripe. Fruits are rich in carotene and vitamin C, especially vitamin C ranks first among vegetables. The pepper produced in our county has moderate spicy taste and soft skin, which is suitable for cooked food, pickling or processing into Chili powder. Each gram of pepper contains about 97.5 mg of iron and 353 mg of calcium, many of which are higher than other similar vegetables.

7, October wine: Jinyun people have a tradition of brewing local wine, every household chooses to brew in October of the lunar calendar, so it is also called October wine. October wine is fragrant and sweet, and has the effect of strengthening the body. Jinyun people entertain friends and guests with October wine. If the wine is slightly heated with shredded ginger and brown sugar, it can relax muscles and promote blood circulation, nourish the heart and dispel cold. When Jinyun has a baby, everyone should drink October wine.

Si local flavor

Jinyun's flavor snacks are varied and complete in variety. The most common are wonton (noodle jiaozi), fried dough sticks (field screws), steamed stuffed bun, soybean milk, sesame seed cake, horse history, broth, tofu balls and so on. I mainly introduce several representative snacks to you:

1, Masi, a folk specialty snack. After summer, new glutinous rice began to come on the market. After steaming, pound it into a cake in a stone mortar, then pick it into small pieces, wrap it in brown sugar, and cover it with a layer of cooked glutinous rice flour, so if there is no sugar, it will be qualified. There are people selling things everywhere in the market, under the old trees and beside the Liuting. After winter, glutinous rice can be made into pancakes, baked in a pan, and added with brown sugar, which is sweet and delicious and deeply loved by people.

2, Jinyun sesame seed cake, also known as barrel cake. The production method is to mix the dough, knead the dough, roll it thin and oil it. First, roll the flour into a roll and pick it into small pieces, then flatten it with the palm of your hand, add dried vegetables and fresh meat, roll it into a cake, wrap it with potato powder, sugar and oil, and finally stick it on the inner wall of the barrel furnace for baking. This kind of cake is crisp, fresh and fragrant.

3. Knocking on the broth: a traditional folk snack. The method is as follows: firstly, chop the pig's hind leg lean meat, mix it with stone powder, put it on the chopping board, then tap the meat with the back of a knife and cook fresh soup in the pot, then put the meat in the pot and thicken it into soup after cooking. This soup is smooth, refreshing, fresh and tender, and has four flavors. Everyone likes it.

4. Tofu balls: traditional folk snacks. Its method is: spoon two spoonfuls of bean curd paste into a bowl, add minced meat and stir well, and then roll the minced bean curd into a ball by hand. Then, put it in a boiling water pot, boil it for a while, take it out, and put it in another meat and bone soup pot to continue stewing. Strangely, tofu balls won't come apart no matter how they are stewed. You can eat four tofu balls for one yuan. Tofu is tender and the soup is mellow.

5. Melaleuca cake: also known as early rice cake. Huzhen area is called sugar pot. Grind rice into pulp, put it in a steamer, steam one layer, and then add another layer, so there are as many as ten layers, as thick as sugar cakes. After the pot is taken out, it is divided into diamond-shaped pieces and can be enjoyed. It tastes better if you add vegetables to stir-fry or stir-fry them. Peel the slices, dry them in the sun, and fry them into crispness, which is called sugar stuffing pine. Eat on holidays, crispy and refreshing.

6. Qingming gizzard: Wash it with a green tent, soak it in boiling water, remove its bitterness, finely chop it, mix it with rice flour, knead it into a ball, and put tofu, shredded bamboo shoots, pork, etc. As a filling, steamed with fruit leaves. It is a necessary food for ancestor worship in Tomb-Sweeping Day. From March to May, Jinyun has all kinds of hotels, restaurants and markets, which are very popular with citizens and tourists.

Wu local famous dishes

Friends, Jinyun can be said to be a paradise for tasting delicious food. There are not only various snacks, but also various dishes with fresh raw materials and exquisite practices.

1. Braised brook fish: The main ingredient is wild multicolored fish from Haoxi, which is characterized by bright red color and fresh and tender fish.

2, dried tofu: also known as mother-in-law tofu, the main ingredients are dried vegetables baked by farmers themselves and brine tofu, generally stewed with slow fire, characterized by tofu bite, refreshing and delicious. It used to be a nourishing dish for rural women to raise children.

3. Jinyun Duck: The main ingredient is an old Jinyun duck. Take some small bamboo shoots and stew them in a pot. It is characterized by delicious taste and clear speech.

4. Fragrant duck: also known as salted duck, the main ingredient is a number of newly hatched male ducks, which are fried with fresh plants. Fragrant and crisp.

5, Jinyun chicken: The main ingredient is a peasant chicken, plus some tender ginger, stewed together, both pure and nourishing.

6. Peasant soil surface: the main ingredients are soil surface, small vegetables and oil residue, which are characterized by clear soup, fresh taste and bright color, and the soil surface is not easy to swell.

7, day lily buckle meat: the main ingredients are day lily, pork belly, characterized by red and bright color, rich flavor, crisp and rotten meat but not greasy.

8. Honey juice chips: The main ingredients are some sweet potato chips. Add honey and stir after frying. It is characterized by crisp and sweet taste.

9. Sauerkraut beans: The main ingredients are homemade pickles and edamame, which are characterized by bright colors and appetizing.