Where is the origin of micro ink?

Mo's invention is a great contribution of our ancestors to China culture and even world civilization. Hui ink is a wonderful flower in China ink making technology, and it is also one of the famous "Four Treasures of the Study" at home and abroad. It was named after it was produced in ancient Huizhou prefecture. It is a token that painters love and rely on. The ancients Ceng Yun said: "A good ink is like a famous horse."

Jixi County of Anhui Province, Tunxi District of Huangshan City and Shexian County are the manufacturing centers of Huimo. 19 15 dadimo, the gold medal of Panama World Expo, is the treasure of Shexian Modian. In modern times, on the basis of inheriting traditional skills, Huimo has innovated, developed and resumed the production of tea ink, cyan ink, Zhu Mo ink, multicolored ink and antique hand-rolled ink, and added and developed new varieties. 65438-0989 "Super Lacquer Smoke Ink" produced by Shexian Old Hu Kaiwen Ink Factory won the national gold medal.

"The world ink industry is in Jixi." There were four masters of Huimo in Qing Dynasty, and two in Jixi-Wang Jinsheng and Hu Kaiwen, especially Hu Kaiwen, which were famous at home and abroad. There are many descendants of Hu Kaiwen, who are distributed in the north and south of the great river, enriching and developing the previous ink-making technology, and taking the lead for a while. At present, several ink factories in Jixi not only produce a large number of ink for painting and calligraphy, but also restore some excellent traditional products, such as Tianbao, Heritage of the Forbidden City, Eight Scenes of Xiaoxiang, Treasure of Eight Treasures, Zodiac, Sword, Moon Essence, Golden Turtle, Yuchan Ink and Eighteen Arhats.

The origin of development

The appearance of pen and ink and inkstone originated from the late Neolithic age almost at the same time. As consumables, before the invention of manual ink making, natural ink or semi-natural ink was generally used as writing materials. According to the Collection of Shu Ancient Calligraphy, "Xingyi began to make ink, and the characters were made of black soil, soot and earth." In other words, the history of artificial ink began in Zhou Xuanwang. Xingyi ink making is also the beginning of artificial ink making. The appearance of artificial ink greatly surpassed natural ink in quality, use value and aesthetics, so natural ink was gradually eliminated. In the Han Dynasty, the raw materials of ink began to come from pine smoke, followed by lacquer smoke and tung smoke. It was pinched by hand at first, and it was very loose. Later, it was molded, and Mo Ding was made by gluing, mixing and steaming, which made the ink durable.

According to the existing historical data, the production of Huimo can be traced back to the end of the Tang Dynasty. Due to the Anshi Rebellion, a large number of people in northern Mo Gong moved southward, which led to the southward movement of the ink-making center. Chao and his son, from Yizhou, fled to the south of the Yangtze River. Seeing the dense pine forests and clear streams here, they settled down and started their ink-making business again. The ink he created is "rich in muscle and greasy, shiny as paint".

In the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu, the late ruler, got the Mo Bao of Xi. So, he appointed his son as "Mo Guan" and took "Li" as the country name as a reward, and the family changed its surname to "Li" from now on. Since then, Li Mo in Zhangzhou has become famous all over the world, with the reputation of "gold is easy to get, but Li Mo is rare", and the national ink making center has also moved south to Zhangzhou. Since then, Mohist masters have emerged one after another, such as Gengshi, Changyu, Pangu, Woods and Dai Yanheng. Huizhou ink industry entered its first heyday.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Mo Gong added drugs to become medicinal ink on the basis of predecessors. People not only used ink, but also began to hide ink, so ink began to develop in the direction of handicrafts.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the production of Huimo entered a prosperous stage. With the rapid development of social economy and the surge of output, the ink-making technology has also been continuously improved. The painting and carving of ink and wash patterns and the decoration and production of lacquer boxes reached their peak. Famous workers and famous products emerge in an endless stream, forming the Xiuning School, which is represented by, and Fang. The production of Huimo in Qing Dynasty was divided into four famous systems: Cao Sugong, Wang Jiean, Wang Jinsheng and Hu Kaiwen, among which Wang Jinsheng and Hu Kaiwen were all from Jixi County. They improved and innovated Huimo on the original basis, and finally made it a "golden garden treasure". Among them are Longxiang Ink, Tianchen Ink, Xiantao Nuclear Ink, Wei Zixing Ink, Fish Play Lotus Ink, West Lake Ten Scenery Ink, Dadi Ink and so on. They are all peerless works, which have made Huimo "pen-like, black in color, enduring for a long time, non-stick on paper and pen, rich in fragrance, and so on." Hui ink in this period can also be divided into pine smoke, oil smoke, lacquer smoke and super lacquer smoke according to different raw materials, among which the most precious is high-grade oil smoke ink such as super lacquer smoke, which exudes purple jade luster and can be used for calligraphy. Used in painting, it is thick but not stagnant, light but not gray, and has distinct layers, so it is highly praised by painters and painters of all ages.

Main varieties and characteristics

Hui ink Hui ink is a special pigment mainly used in traditional calligraphy and painting, which is made of pine smoke, tung oil smoke, lacquer smoke and glue. It is refined through the processes of cigarette lighting, blending, squeezing and grinding, air drying, trimming, gold tracing and packing. The finished product has the characteristics of dark and moist color, compact and shiny color, no dizziness when entering the paper, no glue when licking the pen, durability, rich fragrance, moth resistance and so on. Its front is engraved with famous calligraphy and painting patterns, which is beautiful and generous. It is a treasure of calligraphy and painting art and has three specifications: high, medium and low. High-grade inks include ultra-top lacquer smoke, tung oil smoke and ultra-pine smoke. In particular, super-top ink can be divided into two layers, and the paper falls like paint.

There are many kinds of Huizhou ink in the past dynasties, mainly including lacquer smoke, lampblack, pine smoke, full smoke, clean smoke, glue reduction and seasoning. High-grade lacquer smoke ink is made of tung oil fume, musk, borneol, gold foil, pearl powder and other precious materials 10. Hui ink integrates painting, calligraphy, sculpture, modeling and other arts, making ink itself a comprehensive artistic treasure. The production techniques of Hui ink are complex, and different schools have their own unique production techniques, which are closely related to each other.

The formula and production technology of Hui ink are very particular. "In a catty of pine cigarettes, use three or two pearls, one or two jade pieces, one or two borneol pieces, and pound 100,000 pieces with raw lacquer at the same time." Therefore, "those who get ink and hide it will be no less than fifty or sixty years, and the glue will fail." It is as hard as jade and has lines like rhinoceros. "It is precisely because of its unique formula and exquisite production technology that Huimo has a reputation of being light, clear, fragrant, as firm as jade, as silent as paint, and lasting forever.

Another feature of Huimo is its beautiful appearance and high quality. This is mainly due to the use of ink molds. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Ting made a small Mo Ding with double ridges and dragon patterns, which was pressed with ink molds. After the Song Dynasty, ink molds were widely used. And ink painting and sculpture are very particular. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ink mold art also reached its peak.