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At first, he was a gifted scholar of Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin.

Wu Zetian is the second daughter of Wu Shihuo, the secretariat of Jingzhou. At the age of fourteen, he entered the harem and was named a gifted scholar by Emperor Taizong. . Tang Gaozong was named Zhao Yi, then the queen, and was honored as the "queen of heaven", and was also called "double saint" with Emperor Gaozong. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, he became the empress dowager of Tang Zhongzong and Tang Ruizong.

In the first year of God's Grant (690), Wu Zetian established herself as emperor, changed her country name to Zhou, made Luoyang her capital, and established Wu Zhou. Before and after Wu Zetian's rule, the imperial clan in the Tang Dynasty was massacred, and "cruel official politics" rose.

However, she is "observant and good at judging", and she has great power and can use people, so she makes talents come forth in large numbers. We also rewarded agriculture and mulberry, reformed official management, and attached importance to selecting talents. In his later years, he gradually became extravagant and arbitrary, and gradually degenerated.

In the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian was seriously ill, and Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi launched the "Shenlong Revolution" to support the restoration of Tang Zhongzong and forced him to abdicate. After the restoration of the Tang Dynasty, Zhongzong was honored as the "Emperor of Heaven".

In the same year 1 1 month, Wu Zetian died in shangyang palace at the age of 82. In accordance with his last wish, Zhongzong changed his name to "Zetian Tiansheng Queen" and was buried in Ganling as a queen. Later, she became the "Tianshun Saint Queen".

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Historical evaluation

There have been different opinions on Wu Zetian since the Tang Dynasty. The emperors in the early Tang Dynasty were all her direct descendants, and the Confucian orthodoxy had not fully occupied the dominant position, so the evaluation of Wu Zetian at that time was still relatively positive.

However, with the passage of time, especially Sima Guang's History as a Mirror, Wu was severely criticized. After Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism occupied a dominant position in China's thought, ignoring women's views decided to evaluate Wu Zetian. For example, in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Wang Fuzhi, a famous thinker, once commented on Wu Zetian as "a place where ghosts and gods can't tolerate, and where subjects complain."

However, it is undeniable that Wuhou was good at governing the country, attached importance to recruiting talented people, and created the "palace examination" system of the imperial examination, which enabled him to reuse such famous ministers as Di, Zhang Jianzhi, Huan, Jing Hui and Yao Chong. During the reign of Wu Zetian, the national policy was steady, the military strategy was appropriate, the culture was revived, and the people were rich, so she was known as the legacy of Zhenguan, which laid the foundation for the long-term stability of her grandson Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Wu Zetian made great contributions to history.

There are also many negative comments about Wu Zetian. In the early days of her administration, due to the wind of reporting in Daxing, she reused brutal officials Zhou Xing and Lai Junchen, and later historians despised her for violating traditional ethics. As a woman, she actually has many male concubines (called "Toy Boy") and is not ashamed to openly enjoy with many men. Therefore, the history books lashed out at her actions, accusing her of being insidious, cruel and manipulative. Together with the dictatorship after Wei, it was called the Wuwei Rebellion.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Wu Zetian (Empress of Wu and Zhou Dynasties in China)