Aisingiorro Zai Feng's Character Evaluation

Zhou Enlai once made a fair and comprehensive historical evaluation of Zai Feng:

(1) Zai Feng is under special circumstances, involuntarily by empress dowager cixi dying on the regent high. In fact, Cixi didn't choose Zai Feng because he was suitable to be a regent. It was because he was not suitable that Cixi chose him. This historical responsibility cannot be borne by Zai Feng.

(2) Zai Feng voluntarily resigned as the regent of the prison after the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911. Later, he did not advocate armed resistance to the revolution, nor did he stand out against the "abdication" of Emperor Xuan Tong.

These performances conform to the trend of the times and the wishes of the people, and are objectively beneficial to the revolution. Also said; After the Republic of China, some nobles and veterans spared no effort to restore the Qing Dynasty, but Zai Feng never took an active part. This is also rare.

(3) Zai Feng later became a civil servant. As Puyi's father, if he moved to Changchun to rely on his son, it would make sense in human feelings. This is different from the fact that Puyi wanted to be the "emperor" and Pu Jie and others worked for "Manchukuo".

But after all, he is a politician and a patriot who opposes splitting the motherland. Under the rule of the Japanese Puppet, he refused to give in to the repeated persuasion of the Japanese, insisted on not going to the Northeast, and drew a clear line with Manchukuo politically. In this matter, he fully demonstrated national integrity, political courage and courage. This was his greatest success in his later years.

(4) In the Republic of China, Zai Feng has been sticking to the old ceremony of the Qing Dynasty in the palace, as if to stick to it forever. But after liberation, he cancelled it all, which is a sign of his openness and progress.

⑤ Zai Feng's profound knowledge of Chinese studies is a living witness to the history from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China and the Japanese Puppet era. If he can live long, he will certainly make a good contribution to the study of literature and history.

Extended data:

During the period of 1900, with the development of the Boxer Rebellion in Beijing and Tianjin, the contradiction between the Qing government and western powers also intensified. On June 19 this year, the yamen, the prime minister of the Qing government, suddenly sent a note to embassies in Beijing, saying that they would no longer protect embassies and ordered all foreigners to leave Beijing within 24 hours.

Ministers of all countries were very surprised when they learned the news. Late at night, foreign ministers of various countries wrote to the Prime Minister's yamen, asking for an extension of the departure time and asking the Prime Minister's yamen to reply at 9: 00 the next morning.

In the early morning of June 20th, German Minister Klender sat angrily in a sedan chair and planned to go to the Prime Minister's yamen to ask why the Qing government asked foreigners to evacuate. When Cleander and his party marched to Dongdan Mansion, they were stopped by a patrol led by Zhang Jinggenhai of Shenji Battalion.

Cleander, known for his arrogance, pulled out his gun and opened fire on the patrol. There was a firefight between the two sides, and Cleander was killed in the fierce battle. This is the famous Klinde incident in history. This incident became an important excuse for Eight-Nation Alliance to invade China.

/kloc-in August of 0/4, Eight-Nation Alliance captured Beijing, and Cixi fled to An with Emperor Guangxu, and sent a delegation headed by Yi _ and Li Hongzhang to make peace with western powers. After bargaining between the two sides, the Qing government accepted the 12 peace outline proposed by the great powers on February 27th, 65438.

The first paragraph reads, "China sent the Prince's envoy to represent the emperor China, ashamed of the murder of the virtuous minister, and erected a monument to mourn the victims".

Regarding the monument, the Qing government promised very readily. However, the Qing government has not decided for a long time about the prince who will go to Germany to "apologize", because such humiliation will be avoided if a Chinese nobleman is allowed to travel across the sea to apologize to the victorious country. How can anyone volunteer?

Just as the candidate for the prince was still uncertain, the new German ambassador to China, Mulder, recommended Zai Feng, the prince of alcohol, who was only 18 years old, to Li Hongzhang and Yi _, ministers of the Qing government.

Zai Feng is the best person to apologize to Germany because Germans value Zai Feng's special status. As the younger brother of Emperor Guangxu and the nephew of Cixi, Zai Feng's status is more noble than that of other princes, which can better show the "sincerity of apology" of the Qing government.

On June 5th, 190 1, Emperor Guangxu and Cixi, who were far away in xi 'an, formally appointed Zai Feng as the "first-class ambassador", and appointed Zhang Yi, a former bachelor of The Cabinetshi Read, and Yin Chang, the deputy commander-in-chief proficient in German, as counsellors to accompany Zai Feng on his visit.

After everything was ready, on the morning of July1901kloc-0/2, Zai Feng and his party set out from Yongdingmen, Beijing, and arrived in Tanggu, Tianjin in the afternoon to board the China Merchants Anping.

In July 15, the ship arrived in Shanghai. Then I transfer to the German ship Baian for Germany. After more than a month of bumpy sailing, Zai Feng and his party arrived in Basel, near the northwest German border, on August 23rd.

However, at this time, the incident happened, and the Qing government and the German government had serious differences on the etiquette of Zai Feng's audience with the Kaiser.

This time, Zai Feng went to Germany as a prince to apologize, so the Qing government paid great attention to etiquette. At that time, Lu Haihuan, the Qing government's envoy to Germany, asked the German Foreign Ministry about the meeting etiquette before going to Zai Feng, but the German side did not reply.

Until August 19, when Zai Feng was approaching Germany, the German government suddenly informed Lu Haihuan, "The Kaiser sat in Whitehall, and the monarch bowed three times and handed books and tributes. His counselor accompanied the audience and bowed according to the etiquette of China courtiers. "

After hearing this, Lu Haihuan immediately protested strongly to the German Foreign Ministry. He thought it was impolite for the German emperor to sit and greet the prince who bowed to China, and his followers had to kneel and crawl. The Qing government will never accept it. "I would rather die in the West Sea than bow to the German emperor."

Think about it, too. How can the Qing Dynasty, which calls itself "China", kneel before "foreign devils"? It is enough for a prince to apologize, and it is not a disgrace to his ancestors to kneel down again.

Deeply aware of the serious problem, Lu Haihuan sent a telegram to the peace ministers of Beijing, Yi _ and Li Hongzhang, as well as Cixi and Emperor Guangxu, seeking countermeasures.

After Xi 'an received the telegram, he immediately called Lu Haihuan: "China has sincerely thanked him for punishing the crime and paying compensation. He sent the prince abroad. He wanted to mend the past, but the German host sat down to watch the ceremony of establishing diplomatic relations. He hopes to call the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and fight for it. "

But as a defeated country, I am a fish, and I am not qualified to bargain at all, just as Frederick II, the famous emperor in German history, said: might is right. Germany turned a deaf ear to Lu Haihuan's negotiations, and its attitude was very firm. It refused to change the etiquette, and even threatened that if the etiquette changed, the German emperor would refuse to see Zai Feng.

Just when the two sides were deadlocked, Cixi, who was far away in xi 'an, asked Lu Haihuan to continue to negotiate with the German Foreign Ministry, saying that "one point is one point" and told Lu Haihuan that if "it is really irreparable, you should make it clear to the meeting that this envoy was originally an apology, but he was accommodating. In the future, he will continue to follow the common courtesy of all countries and don't use this as an example to help."

However, Yi _ and Li Hongzhang both thought that it was ok to sit on the credentials, but the counselors could never agree to bow down, so they came up with a compromise plan: Zai Feng only brought an interpreter when meeting with the Kaiser, and other counselors either called in sick or took temporary refuge elsewhere to avoid meeting with the Kaiser.

At the same time, the minister of peace talks in Beijing refused to sign the "Xin Chou Treaty" on this ground, hoping to use the contradiction between the great powers to put pressure on the German government.

At this time, Germany's attitude has also softened. On September 2, Lv Haihuan and the German consul in Basel informed Zai Feng that the German Foreign Ministry said that the Kaiser agreed to receive the delegation of the Qing government, and when submitting credentials, he could only take Yin Chang as an interpreter without bowing.

In this way, the etiquette dispute between the two sides has just come to an end. On the evening of September 2nd, Zai Feng left Basel for Germany and arrived in Potsdam on the 3rd. At noon on the 4th, Zai Feng arrived at the German Palace accompanied by Yin Chang.

Zai Feng bowed to William II III, presented his credentials and read a speech to the effect that "the cause of the chaos in our country last year was the failure of our country, not the fault of our great emperor. But the subjects are guilty, and the emperor is also responsible. I am deeply sorry.

Now, fortunately, the peace talks will be held soon, and the clouds hanging over the two countries will disperse and become clear. I wish our two countries a permanent reconciliation and a lasting friendship. "

In the face of a prince's "apology", the Kaiser was very arrogant. Not only did he accept his credentials, but he didn't stand up in his defense. His answer is also very harsh. "Because your prince never apologizes, he called it' the best release', which shows how arrogant William II is as a war maniac. However, in Zai Feng's eyes, this means that "the overall situation has been preserved and the country has not been harmed. "

After visiting Germany, Zai Feng wanted to visit Britain, Italy, Belgium and other countries, but this idea was strongly opposed by Germany. "If you go to Europe, it will go against your sincerity."

In order not to tell the truth about the German population, Zai Feng gave up his plan to visit other European countries on the grounds of being unwell and getting married at home, and set off for home, completing this humiliating "apology" trip.

Zai Feng's trip to Germany in The Prince of Alcohol has the nature of "apologizing" to the Qing government for the defeated country, which is detrimental to the national image. But for Zai Feng, it has gained a lot.

First of all, through this visit, Zai Feng has broadened his horizons and deepened his understanding of foreign countries. Secondly, if Zai Feng was an unknown little prince before his visit, then after his visit, Zai Feng has become famous at home and abroad, and some even praised Zai Feng as "from this generation of Optimus Prime, we should rely on our king's hand to make the best of ourselves".

Finally, through this visit, Zai Feng "successfully" completed her political task, which made Cixi very satisfied and laid a solid foundation for her future career promotion, which became an important turning point in her political career.

People's Daily Online-/kloc-How did Zai Feng, a 0/8-year-old alcohol prince, go to Germany to "apologize"?

Baidu Encyclopedia-Aisin Gioro Zai Feng