Is Yao Shunyu a legend? Ye Wenxian: Is Yao Shunyu a legend or a history?

Ye Wenxian: Is Yao Shunyu a legend or a period of history? Yao Shunyu was the leader of the ancient tribal alliance in China.

Yao Shunyu is an ancient Han nationality in history. Since the Yellow Emperor, there have been three tribal alliance leaders with both ability and political integrity in the Yellow River Basin. According to legend, Yao, also known as Tao, is a native of Yuncheng and Linfen (formerly known as Hedong) in the Fenhe River Basin of Shanxi Province. At present, Yi Village in the south of Linfen, Shanxi Province has the tablet of Emperor Yaomaozi, Yao Temple Village has Yao Temple, and Linfen County has Yaoling and Shenju Cave. His life is very simple. Ancient books say that he "eats from the rough, takes the soup of quinoa, has fur in winter and clothes in summer", that is, he lives in a simple house made of uncut thatched reeds and shaved rafters and eats. Shun, also known as Youyu, was born in Yaodu site. Legend has it that he was inspected by Yao before he succeeded him as the leader of the tribal Council. He worked in Lishan (another name for Zhongtiaoshan), fished in (now north of Ruicheng, Shanxi), made pottery by the river in Taocheng (now north of Yongji Town, Shanxi), and was later sealed by Yao in a dangerous place (now southwest of Pinglu, Shanxi). After he became the leader of the tribal alliance, he became Puban (now Zhou Pu Town). Shun is strict with self-discipline and lenient with others. He was framed by his stepmother and half-brother several times, but fortunately, his virtuous wife cleverly designed a plan to save him from danger. He was highly praised for taking the world as his own responsibility and leading the people to control floods and develop production. Due to the good governance of Yao, Shun and Yu, the society at that time achieved great development, showing a scene of peace and tranquility. "The world is peaceful and the people have nothing to do." Therefore, he was honored as a sage by later generations. Yu was honored as Dayu for his meritorious service in controlling water. Yao Shunyu myth Huangdi and Yao Shunyu legend Huangdi was the leader of a tribal alliance that lived in the Yellow River valley about 4,000 years ago. He advocated planting grain and domesticating livestock, which made this tribal alliance stronger gradually. Later, the Yellow Emperor tribe and the Yan Di tribe in the west joined forces. Defeated the southern flies (ch! ) Especially tribes. The Yellow Emperor and Yan Emperor combined together, and after a long period of development, they formed the future Chinese nation.

Legend has it that the war between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou took place in Zhuolu. Chiyou cast a spell, and the fog filled for three days and nights, and no one was seen across the street. The Yellow Emperor ordered the construction of the south guide car, determined the direction, defeated Chiyou, and finally captured and killed him. After the Yellow Emperor, the outstanding leaders of tribal alliances in the Yellow River Basin were Yao (y2o), Shun (sh)n) and Yu (Y). At that time, the leader of the tribal alliance was elected. When Yao was old, a tribal alliance meeting was held, and everyone elected the talented Shun as his successor. After Yao's death, Shun inherited Yao's position. When Shun was old, he took the same approach and gave his position to Yu, who had made contributions to water control. This method of changing the position of the leader is called "abdication". According to legend, Yao is very frugal. He lives in a hut, eats brown rice, drinks wild vegetable soup and wears a linen coat. Good moral character, can set an example. He plowed in Lishan, and the people of Lishan no longer fought for the field boundary, and they were very humble to each other. People are willing to live near Shun. Shun lived in a place for three years and it became a village. He won wide acclaim from the people. During the Yao and Shun period, there was a serious flood. Shun ordered Yu to control water. To introduce water into the sea by dredging. He devoted himself to water control, 13 years, went in the wind and rain, and didn't enter the house three times. The flood finally stopped and people lived a quiet life. Yu has established prestige in the hearts of the people. I only found these ... references:

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Yao, Shun and Yu are both figures in ancient legends. What's the difference between legend and reality? These three men are legendary ancient emperors. Since it is a legend, it is difficult to prove it. But we claim to be an ancient civilization of 5000 years (some people say 6000 years), and we are willing to take it seriously.

But according to the textual research of Gu Jiegang's ancient history, Yu is just an ant. Gu sorted out and compared the ancient historical legends contained in the three books "Poems, Books and Analects of Confucius" and found that "Yu existed in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the legend of Yao and Shun only appeared in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and Fuxi and Shennong appeared later." So he put forward a hypothesis, "ancient history is made up of layers, and the order and arrangement system are just the opposite." In other words, the ancient history system mentioned in ancient books since the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties is accumulated from myths and legends of different times. The time sequence in the myths and legends of different ancient emperors is just the opposite of that in ancient books. This is the famous viewpoint of "the history of China caused by accumulation". "The Legend of Yao Shunyu Han Feizi" says: "Yao is the king of the world, deer skin in winter, and clothing in summer, grass does not lose, food does not lose, and quinoa soup does not." Yuan Ke translated it in the vernacular in the book "The Myths and Legends of China": "The house he lives in is built with uneven thatch, and the pillars and beams in the house are all thick wood collected from the mountains. Even if they are erected, they don't even plan; I ate coarse rice, drank wild vegetable soup and wore coarse clothes. When the weather was cold, I added a deerskin sweater to keep out the cold, and the utensils used were just earthen bowls and earthen pots. " Regarding the influence of Shun's modesty on the people around him, Historical Records records: "Shun Li Gengshan, people who have climbed the mountain all give way; Fishing Kanazawa, Razer people give way; Taohebin, riverside utensils are not bitter. Live together for one year, two years and three years in Chengdu. " Translated into vernacular Chinese, it means: Shun is ploughing in Lishan, and soon, local farmers are fighting for land boundaries; Shun went fishing in Kanazawa area, and soon the fishermen there competed to give up the fishing ground; Shun went to the river to make pottery, and soon the pottery made by the potters by the river was both beautiful and durable. Shun lived in the countryside for one year, Cheng Zhen for two years and metropolis for three years.

In primitive society, the tribal alliance set up an alliance meeting, and the leaders of all clans and tribes were members of the meeting. According to legend, when Yao was old, he raised the issue of successors at the tribal alliance meeting, and Gou Dou (Huān dūu not u) recommended * * * workers. Although Yao disagreed, he was appointed as an engineer to test his talents. As a result, everyone recommended Shun, saying that he was very capable. So Shun assisted Yao for 20 years, presided over government affairs for Yao for eight years, and got various exercises. After Yao's death, Shun officially presided over the alliance affairs. After Shun succeeded to the throne, it was one of the important measures to select sages, manage civil affairs and use Yu to control water. When Shun was old, he also called a tribal alliance meeting. Yu was elected as the successor because of his meritorious service in water control. So Yu took the place of Shun in dealing with alliance affairs. /kloc-After the death of Shun in 0/7, Yu officially became the leader of the tribal alliance. The demise of Yao, Shun and Yu shows that the old leader has considerable power, but in the end he still has to obey the decision of the leader's meeting. Therefore, in essence, the abdication system at that time was still a democratic election system for tribal alliance leaders. Dayu, surnamed Yu, is famous for his meritorious service in water control. Later it was called Dayu, which means great Yu. Since his father died, he began to control water. Legend has it that it was about 4000 years ago. At that time, the production capacity was very low and the living conditions were very difficult. Some big rivers flood about every year. Once, there was a serious flood in the Yellow River basin, with cross-flow and continuous floods, houses collapsed, fields were flooded, crops were not harvested, and people died. The living people had to flee to the mountains for shelter. Yao, the leader of the tribal alliance, held a meeting of the tribal alliance to fight floods and asked the tribal leaders to discuss water conservancy affairs. Yao said to everyone, "The flood is merciless. Please think about it. Who will be sent to control the water? " Everyone recommended Gun to handle it. Yao disagreed and said, "He is very headstrong and may not be able to accomplish great things." However, the leaders insisted that Gun give it a try. According to the habits of the tribes at that time, the opinions of the leaders of the tribal alliance were inconsistent with everyone's opinions, and the leaders should listen to everyone's opinions. Yao had to accept everyone's suggestion and reluctantly agreed to let the gun control the water. The gun follows the traditional way of water and soil blocking in the past, that is, embankment is built with soil to plug the loopholes. He surrounded the area where people lived with a small earthen city like a wall. When the flood came, the soil layer kept rising and thickening. However, due to the fierce flood, the dike was washed away and the earth wall collapsed, and the flood became more fierce. After nine years of water control by artillery, people and money were wasted, and nothing was achieved, and the flood was not subdued. Shun followed Yao as the leader and personally inspected the water conservancy situation. Seeing that the gun was helpless against the flood and delayed the great event, he committed a crime and put him to death in Yushan (a mythical place name). Later, he ordered Yu, the son of Gun, to continue to build water conservancy projects, and also sent Qi, the ancestor of Shang clan, Boyi and Dongke clan leaders abandoned by Zhou clan to help. After Dayu was ordered, he first searched for the lessons of previous failures in water control, and then led Qi, Abandon and others to wade across mountains and rivers with his disciples' assistants, made a general survey of the source, upstream and downstream of the water flow, and piled some stones or cut down trees in important places as reference marks in water control. This investigation is very hard. It is said that once they walked to a river in Shandong Province, suddenly a strong wind blew, dark clouds rolled, lightning flashed and thundered, heavy rain poured down and flash floods broke out, which swept away many people at once. Some people were drowned by the roaring flood, while others disappeared into the tumbling water. Dayu's disciples were frightened, so later some people called this river Tuhai River (in today's Yucheng and Liaocheng areas of Shandong Province). After Dayu's investigation, he carefully studied various water conditions and finally decided to control the flood by dredging. Dayu personally led his disciples and the people, with simple tools such as stone axes, knives, shovels and wooden barriers, and began to control water. They devoted themselves to water control, camping and picnicking, exposed their clothes, and worked hard through hardships. Dayu, in particular, got up early, was greedy for the dark, worked hard, and his waist was tired and his legs were swollen, but he still dared not slack off. According to textual research, Dayu's flood control area at that time was in the present eastern Hebei, eastern Henan, western and southern Shandong, and northern Huaihe River. Once, they came to the southern suburbs of Luoyang, Henan. There is a high mountain here, which belongs to the residual vein of Qinling Mountain and continues to Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue Mountain. The mountain peak is strange and majestic, just like a natural barrier that runs from east to west. There is a natural gap in the middle of the mountain, and a trickle flows slowly through the gap. However, when the flood broke out, the river was blocked by the mountain, forming a vortex at the gap, and the rushing river endangered the safety of the surrounding people. Dayu decided to concentrate his manpower on water control and clear the way in the mountains. Hard work damaged stone tools, wood products and bone tools. The loss of people is even greater. Some people were cut by rocks, some fell up the mountain and died, and some people were swept away by the flood. However, they are still unwavering and insist on splitting the mountain. In this hard day and night, Dayu's face was tanned, tired and thin. Even the hair on his calf has been polished, and his toenails have fallen off because he has been soaked in water for a long time, but he is still operating and commanding. Driven by him, the water control progressed rapidly, and the mountain finally opened suddenly, forming a confrontation between two walls. The flood rushed thousands of miles down the river, and the river was unblocked from then on. Dayu successfully controlled water by dredging. The original Yellow River system is divided into main stream and tributaries. If the mainstream is deepened and widened, the tributaries are dredged and connected with the mainstream, the water of all tributaries can return to the mainstream. At the same time, they cultivated the original high places higher and dredged the original low places deeper, naturally forming land and lakes. They connected these lakes and streams with tributaries, so that the flood could flow to the sea unimpeded. Dayu commanded people to dig mountain after mountain and open river after river in about ten years. He forgot his personal affairs. It is said that Dayu passed by the house several times without going in. The first time he passed by the door, he happened to meet his wife and have a baby. Everyone advised him to go in and take care of it. He didn't go in for fear of affecting water conservancy. On another occasion, his children were very happy to see their father. They asked Dayu to see his home, but he still didn't go in. He devoted his whole body and mind to the cause of digging mountains and rivers. After the success of water control, Dayu came to Maoshan (now the suburb of Shaoxing, Zhejiang), summoned governors, rewarded meritorious deeds, and organized people to use water and soil to develop agricultural production. He asked Boyi to distribute rice seeds to the masses and let them grow rice in places with low temperatures; Also called Hou Ji to teach everyone to grow different varieties of crops; Fish, geese and ducks were raised in the lake, and cattail grass was planted, and the flood became water conservancy. Boyi also improved the sinking technology and greatly developed agricultural production, with abundant crops and prosperous livestock everywhere. Dayu was recommended as Shun's assistant because of his meritorious service in water control. Seventeen years later, after Shun's death, he succeeded to the throne as the leader of the tribal alliance. Later, Qi, the son of Dayu, established the first slave country in China-Xia Dynasty, so later generations also called him Xia Dynasty. Yu Xia died and was buried in Maoshan. Later generations renamed Maoshan Huiji Mountain because Yu held a grand ceremony here to reward the princes. This is the origin of Dayu tomb in Shaoxing. Today, the jade spirit bear will meet the mountain, the pavilion mountain and the fish pond. 1979, a pavilion with cornices and horns was rebuilt in Dayu's tomb and stood at the end of the tunnel. Inside stands a huge monument of "Dayu's Tomb" inscribed by Amin Nandaji. The ancient pagoda around the pavilion is flat and gloomy, with green pine and bamboo, quiet and elegant. There are Yu-Xue Pavilion and Yu-Xue Pavilion in the south of the pavilion, which are the places where predecessors studied Yu's tombs. Dayu has benefited the people and will always be praised by Chinese descendants. Dayu's fighting spirit will always be remembered by Chinese people. When people come to Shaoxing, they will never forget to visit Dayu's tomb in the southeast of the city. References:

Middle school history teaching reference book

Myths and legends during the reign of Yao Shunyu, celebrity story 1, married Lu Xian.

Luxian is a beautiful and kind fairy. She once surrendered the black dragon lurking in the Black Dragon Pool near Xiandonggou for the safety of the people and the survival of deer, and turned it into her own mount.

One day, Emperor Yao met a deer fairy who was called the goddess of ancient shooting and carving, and was saved by the python that deer fairy repelled Hei Hu fairy. After that, they poured out their hearts to each other and chose a day to get married. On the wedding night, the two sides tied the knot in the fairy cave, taking the cave as their new home, and the opposite Candle Mountain Guanghua shines on the south fairy cave as day, so the wedding night is also called "Wedding Night".

In the second year after marriage, Lu Xian gave birth to her son Zhu. The Heaven Emperor sent heavenly soldiers to capture Hei Hu Fairy and put it at the foot of the hill in southeast Yang, which is called Crouching Tiger Mountain. At the same time, the Emperor of Heaven punished Lu Xian for breaking off the dust relationship with Emperor Yao. Lu Xian could only return Jules, who was still a child, to Emperor Yao and then live in seclusion in the mountains.

Emperor Yao sent people everywhere to look for the deer fairy. After no results, he went to Gushe Mountain to look for it. He tried to find it, but he had to marry another woman. Jules was later sealed in Dandi, so he was called Danzhuyi. Later, people remembered the merits of Lu Xian, and commemorated the statue of Lu Xian in a small hole on the left side of Black Dragon Cave in Nanxian Cave, which has been burning incense for thousands of years.

2. Wang Yao Mu Ma Po

Legend has it that in ancient times, Mumapo in Wang Yao was located in the fairy cave in the north of Gushe Mountain. There are green grass on the mountain, bushes on the hillside, and a forest under the ditch. In spring, plants sprout and are full of vitality. In summer, the trees are luxuriant, the mountain flowers are brilliant, the maple leaves are as red as fire in autumn, and the pines and cypresses are proud of frost and snow in winter.

Here, "Trees for Yao Wang" is the release mountain of Yao Wang. There is Mazhuang in the north and Trojan Beach in the south. The village names of Aso and Erju were handed down from the Yao Wang era. This place is one of the eight scenic spots in Linfen County Records. East Mazar and West Mazar at the foot of the mountain on the west side of Fenshui River are known as horse farms in Yao Wang. After the deer fairy married Yao Wang, she also managed the horse farm in this area.

3. Go through the house and don't go in.

Legend has it that shortly after marriage with Tu Shanshi, he left his wife and set foot on the road of water control. Later, he passed by the door and heard the sound of his wife giving birth and his son falling to the ground. But at the thought of cutting mountains to divert water, he forgot to go home and embarked on the front line of water control.

When I passed by my hometown for the third time, my son Qi was held in my mother's arms. He can already call his father, waving his little hand and greeting Yu. I just waved to my wife and children to show that I saw it, but I still didn't stop.

4. Dayu beheaded the dragon

According to legend, after Shun Di's death, his two concubines came to Sanfengshi and cried to death at Shun Di's grave. There is a stone box behind Shun Di's tomb with the words "Shun Feng" engraved on it. After the death of the second concubine. Open the stone box and take out the suicide note inside, which reads: Thirty years ago, Yu cut the dragon gate and a dragon fled eastward. Dragon horn is upright, with green hair on its horn. I haven't seen you for three years. The dragon was poisoned.

After the fierce fighting, Boyi tried to recapture his tight encirclement, but the rope could not be untied. Tianhe, Beidou, Youlong, Lion and Kirin all stayed on the cave wall. Therefore, on the stone wall of Xiaziyan, there are some wonders such as the golden dragon playing in the water, Yufeng Chenxi, Qixing Budou, Ziweipai, rhinoceros looking at the moon, unicorn becoming auspicious, etc. There is a green horn faucet on the stone wall of the cave, and Tianhe spring water gushes out from Longkou.

It is said that this is the old dragon that ran into the cave and was burned to death. After the death of the dragon, its skin turned into fertile soil, and its intestines fell into the bottom of the Xia Zi cave, winding and circling for nine turns, turning into a Yin River, with a swift and clear water flow. This is because the dragon drank the Tianhe River in Tianhu Pool, which is called "Jiuqu Yellow River".

The keel, which was broken into bone beads, was blown into the bottom of the cave by the mountain wind, rolled into the winding Yellow River, and was eroded and polished by the river water, turning into white sparkling pebbles with five edges and six corners. In the dark, it shines with lanterns, like bayberry, so it is called Yangmeishi.

5. Casting Jiuding

After the Tushan Congress, governors from all sides often came to Yangcheng to pay tribute. Later, the copper contributed by Kyushu increased year by year. Dayu remembered that Xuanyuan Huangdi had successfully cast a tripod. In order to commemorate the Tushan Congress, he is going to cast gold donated by local governors into several cauldrons. After Jiuding was cast, the tripod body was cast with famous mountains, rivers, beasts and birds in various States.

Jiuding symbolizes Kyushu, in which Yuzhou Ding is the central tripod and Yuzhou is the central hub. Jiuding concentrated in Yangcheng, the capital of Xia Dynasty, to show that Wang Dayu in Xia Dynasty became the master of Kyushu, and the world was unified from then on. Jiuding then became a place of "destiny", a symbol of supremacy of kingship and national unity and prosperity.

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