Identify common landscaping tree species.

Scientific name: Ailanthus altissima

English name: Ailanthus

Family name: Araceae

Ecological habit

I like light, but I don't like shadows. Strong adaptability, except clay, all kinds of soil and neutral, acidic and calcareous soil can grow, suitable for deep, fertile and moist sandy soil. Cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-resistant and moisture-resistant, and will rot and die if accumulated water for a long time. Deep roots. Strong resistance to smoke and sulfur dioxide, less pests and diseases. Drought and salinity tolerance, fast growth and strong resistance to toxic gases can be used as greening trees in cities, industrial and mining areas and rural areas. Root bark and stem are used as medicine, which has the effects of eliminating dampness, clearing heat, diminishing inflammation and stopping bleeding; Stem bark contains gum; Leaves can be fed to silkworms, and leachate can be used as soil insecticide; The seeds contain 30-35% fatty oil, which is semi-drying oil, and the residue can be used as fertilizer; The roots contain azadirachtin, fatty oil and tannin. Reproduction by dividing plants into seeds or seedlings.

Also known as Toona sinensis or Toona sinensis, it was called Zun in ancient times. Named after the smell of glandular spots at the base of leaves. There are about 10 ~ 15 species of Ailanthus altissima, which are mainly produced in Southeast Asia. There are 6 species, 3 varieties 1 forms in China. The height of the tree can reach 30 meters, the DBH exceeds 1 meter, and the branches are stout. Odd pinnate compound leaves 1 piece, alternate, lobules 13 ~ 25 pieces; There are a few coarse teeth near the base of the lobule, and there are 1 gland points at the tip of the teeth. Monoecious or dioecious. Panicle terminal, small flowers, heterozygosity, white and green, petals 5 ~ 6, stamens 10. Samara, flat, rectangular. The seed is located in the center. In China, from Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan in the south to southern Liaoning in the north, * * * spans 22 provinces and regions, with the Yellow River Basin as the distribution center. Vertically distributed at the altitude of100 ~ 2000m. Hi, Guangming. Not hardy. It grows normally in the range of annual average temperature of 7 ~19℃ and annual rainfall of 400 ~ 2000mm. The annual average temperature is 12 ~ 15℃ and the annual rainfall is 550 ~ 1200mm.

morphological character

Deciduous trees, up to 30 meters high, with oblate or umbrella-shaped crown. The bark is grayish white or grayish black, smooth and slightly cracked. Branchlets are stout. The leaf scar is large, obovate, and there are 9 vascular bundle scars inside. Odd-pinnate compound leaves, alternate, lobules 13-25, ovate-lanceolate, with all middle and upper parts, 1-2 pairs of coarse serrations near the base, glandular points at the top of the teeth, and the base of the total stalk of leaves is swollen and smelly. May-June flowering, terminal panicle, white and fragrant flowers. Capsule oval, with many seeds and flat membranous wings.

Breeding and cultivation

Generally, it is propagated by sowing. The soil quality is not strict, but it does not grow well in heavy clay and stagnant water areas. Slightly alkali-resistant, and the suitable range of pH value is 5.5 ~ 8.2. Suitable for loam or sandy loam with deep neutral or calcareous soil layer, with moderate chlorine resistance and strong resistance to hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide. Fast growth, deep roots and strong germination. The flowering period is from May to July, and the seeds mature in September to 65438+1October. Seeding and seedling raising are easy, and spring sowing is suitable. Late frost in the Yellow River basin is harmful, so spring sowing should not be too early. The 1000-grain weight is 28 ~ 32g, and the germination rate is about 70%. The sowing amount is 3 ~ 5 kg per mu. Low bed or ridge cultivation is usually used to raise seedlings. Planting and afforestation are mostly carried out in spring, usually when the strong buds on the upper part of the seedlings expand into spheres. Afforestation in arid and windy areas can also be cut down. Shaded slopes or semi-shaded slopes with good site conditions can also be planted directly. Ailanthus altissima has strong resistance to pests and diseases. Common diseases are powdery mildew. Trichinella spiralis and castor are the main leaf-eating pests that harm seedlings. Cicada is a common sucking pest. Euglena Ailanthus and Euglena Ailanthus are common stem borers. Wood can be used in buildings, wood-based panels and so on. Root bark, stems and seeds are used for medicine. Ailanthus altissima is a tree species for afforestation in barren hills, gardens and industrial and mining areas. Leaves can be fed to silkworms

Garden use

The trunk of Ailanthus altissima is straight and tall, and its young leaves are purplish red in spring. It is a good ornamental tree and street tree. It can be planted alone, in clumps or mixed with other tree species, and is suitable for greening in factories and mining areas.

Distribution of origin

Produced in all parts of the country, it is a positive tree species, which likes to grow on sunny hillsides or bushes. It is cultivated in front of and behind village houses and is often planted as a street tree. It is distributed in the north, east and southwest of China, and reaches Taiwan Province Province in the southeast. Wood is light and soft, and is prone to mildew and moth-eaten.