How to plant ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum, also known as Ganoderma lucidum and Xiancao, recorded its medicinal value as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Liezi Tang Wen said, "There are fungi in the rotten soil." With the increasing demand for Ganoderma lucidum, the supply of wild Ganoderma lucidum is in short supply, so people begin to grow Ganoderma lucidum through artificial cultivation. According to current historical records, Ganoderma lucidum has been cultivated in China for at least 400 years. So, today Shanjiu will talk to you about the cultivation techniques and methods of Ganoderma lucidum, hoping to provide some useful reference for farmers and friends in need.

1. What are the environmental requirements for artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum?

Ganoderma lucidum belongs to a kind of fungi, and what we call Ganoderma lucidum is actually the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum, a fungus of Polyporaceae. At present, it grows in most parts of China, such as Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Jilin and other places. The cultivated Ganoderma lucidum can be cultivated in more places as long as it meets the corresponding environmental conditions. Next, let's learn more about the environmental requirements for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum.

1. Temperature and lighting conditions

The artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum can not be separated from suitable temperature and light conditions. It is essentially a high-temperature fungus, which can grow in the environment of 15~35 degrees, and the suitable growth temperature is about 25~30 degrees. When the temperature is higher than 38~40℃ or lower than 10℃, it is very unfavorable for the growth of Ganoderma lucidum. High temperature is easy to cause mycelium death, and low temperature is easy to inhibit the growth of fruiting bodies. In terms of illumination, it is necessary to distinguish the growth of ganoderma lucidum mycelium and fruiting body. Because the growth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium needs to be protected from light, especially in dark environment, the growth rate is the fastest. However, the growth of fruiting body needs some light. If the light is insufficient, it is difficult to form a satisfactory fruiting body, which will also affect the growth rate of the sub-stage. Therefore, in the process of artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, we often use light control equipment to artificially adjust the light needed for the growth of Ganoderma lucidum.

2. Air and humidity conditions

In the process of artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, the contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air have great influence on the growth of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, especially the concentration of carbon dioxide, which is directly related to the normal growth of fruiting body. Experiments show that if the content of carbon dioxide in the air increases to 0. 1%, it can promote the growth of fruiting bodies, but if the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air exceeds 1%, it will easily lead to the abnormal development of fruiting bodies and Ganoderma lucidum, thus affecting farmers' planting income. In water control, the relative humidity of air also has a very important influence on the growth and development of Ganoderma lucidum. Generally speaking, it is most appropriate to control the relative humidity in the air between 60% and 70% in the mycelium growth stage, and the water content of the culture medium is about 55% to 65%. When the fruiting body begins to grow and develop, the humidity in the air will increase, generally reaching 85%~95%. If it is lower than 60%, the fruiting body will easily die due to lack of water.

3.pH value and nutritional conditions

Ganoderma lucidum is an acidic fungus, which likes to grow in an acidic environment. Generally speaking, the normal ph value should be kept between 3.0 and 7.0, but the ideal ph value should be between 4.0 and 6.0. The nutrients needed by Ganoderma lucidum in the growth process are mainly the decomposition and absorption of lignin, cellulose and other organic substances by wood rot fungi, which are transformed into nutrients needed for its own growth. Therefore, the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is mostly crop residues, such as straw, cottonseed hull, corncob, bagasse and so on.

2. What kind of Ganoderma lucidum is suitable for artificial cultivation?

From the biological point of view, Ganoderma lucidum is the general name of polyporus in a broad sense. There are more than 120 species in the world, while there are 87 species in China. Among so many species, not all ganoderma lucidum is suitable for artificial cultivation. According to its shape and color, it can be divided into six categories: ganoderma lucidum, ganoderma lucidum, ganoderma lucidum, ganoderma lucidum, ganoderma lucidum and ganoderma lucidum. Among the six kinds of Ganoderma lucidum, there are more than 60 kinds suitable for planting. But at present, the varieties of Ganoderma lucidum recognized by China People's Pharmacopoeia are limited to Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum. Therefore, the most cultivated variety is Ganoderma lucidum.

Among the varieties of Ganoderma lucidum, the widely cultivated varieties are Xinzhou Ganoderma lucidum, Huizhou Ganoderma lucidum, Korean Ganoderma lucidum, Taishan 1 Ganoderma lucidum, Taishan No.2 Ganoderma lucidum and Dabie Mountain Ganoderma lucidum. These ganoderma lucidum varieties have the characteristics of strong resistance, fast growth, high yield and good commercialization.

3. What are the main ways to cultivate Ganoderma lucidum artificially?

Tracing back to its source, Ganoderma lucidum has been cultivated in China for more than 400 years. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially after the 1980s, the upsurge of artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum rose everywhere, and various new technologies and methods emerged rapidly, further improving the technical level of artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. At present, there are four common cultivation methods of Ganoderma lucidum: indoor artificial bag cultivation, greenhouse artificial cultivation, indoor artificial bottle cultivation and indoor exposed cultivation. Relatively speaking, the first two cultivation techniques are advanced and widely used.

Among them, indoor artificial bag planting, also known as "space bag" planting, is an indoor planting method using high temperature and high pressure resistant and non-toxic materials. Greenhouse artificial cultivation can be understood as greenhouse planting mode, which can scientifically plant under the premise of reasonable temperature, light and moisture to improve yield. Indoor artificial bottle culture is a way of culture with glass bottles as utensils and nutrient substrates. Outdoor open field cultivation is to simulate the field environment for planting. These two methods can not effectively solve the problem of product supply, the quality can not be guaranteed, and the output is difficult to control, so they are on the verge of elimination and are rarely adopted.

4. What are the technical points of artificial cultivation of bagged Ganoderma lucidum?

As we said before, there are many technical methods to cultivate Ganoderma lucidum artificially. Today, I will introduce bagged Ganoderma lucidum to you and see what technical points need to be paid attention to in the process of artificial planting.

Preparation of 1. culture medium

In the selection of Ganoderma lucidum culture materials, there are mainly sawdust, cottonseed hull, corncob, wheat bran and poplar leaves. In the process of cultivation, all localities can choose the appropriate formula according to their own actual conditions and local materials. Below, the author briefly introduces three commonly used nutrition allocation methods. 1 is mainly composed of sawdust and wheat bran, accounting for 75% and 25% respectively, and 0.2% ammonium sulfate is added, so the water content of the mixture should reach about 70%. The second category is mainly cottonseed hull and wheat bran, of which cottonseed hull accounts for about 78% and wheat bran accounts for about 15%~20%. In addition, 1%~2% gypsum, 1% sugar, 0.4% urea and 0.6% calcium superphosphate are added, and the water content of the mixture should be controlled at 60. The third kind is mainly corn residue and sawdust, of which corn residue accounts for 50%, sawdust accounts for 30% and wheat bran accounts for 20%. The water content of the mixture should reach 60%~65%.

2. Loading and sterilization treatment

After the culture material is mixed, it should be loaded in time according to the time schedule. Low pressure polyethylene and high pressure polypropylene are generally used in the material bag. If the specification is 60× 15cm and the thickness is 4~5 filaments, each bag can hold 0.8 ~ 1kg. If the specification is 35× 15 cm, each bag can hold 0.4~0.45 kg. When bagging, it should be compacted to keep the material level flat. In general, sterilization should be carried out after bagging on the same day. Put the packaged bags into a sterilizer for atmospheric sterilization or autoclaving, wherein the polyethylene bags need atmospheric sterilization 10~ 12 hours, and the polypropylene plastic bags can be autoclaved for 2 hours. After sterilization, the bags can be inoculated after being cooled to below 30 degrees.

3. Inoculation and outbreak management

Ganoderma lucidum inoculation is best carried out in the inoculation box, which generally requires strict disinfection and operation in a sterile environment. Use a sterilized punching machine to punch five holes on the surface of the bag, with the aperture of 1.2 ~ 1.5cm, which are arranged in a straight line at equal distances. Pick up a jujube-sized strain from the bag with inoculation tweezers, quickly put it into the culture bag, put adhesive tape on the hole, and move it to the sterilized culture room for culture and sterilization. The cultivation temperature should be controlled at about 22~28 degrees, the relative humidity of the air should be kept at about 60%, the air should be ventilated for half an hour every day, and the fungus bags should be turned every 5~7 days. In general, after 25~32 days, the mycelium can grow full of bags.

4. Site management measures

First of all, we should choose a slightly acidic plot with relatively open terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage and fertile land as the cultivation place of Ganoderma lucidum. In addition, we must pay special attention to good ventilation, so as to ensure the normal and healthy growth of Ganoderma lucidum. If the paddy field is used as a farming site, it must be drained first, and the soil should be deeply turned, exploded, dried, sterilized and disinfected. The frame width is 1.5m, the height is 20cm, the frame spacing is 30cm, and there are drains around 20cm. At the same time, build a plastic shed about 2 meters high. The roof and surrounding areas can be properly covered with thatch and straw. Take out 3 * 20cm plastic bags from the back of the inoculation port, bury them in the pit, with the inoculation port facing upward, with the bag spacing of 4 ~ 5cm, and cover them with 2~3cm sandy loam to keep the soil moisture content at about 60%. In the early stage, the temperature in the shed can be kept above 22 degrees, and the best ventilation time is noon. When the fruiting body grows rapidly, the temperature should be controlled at about 28 degrees, and the ventilation should be increased to keep the relative humidity of the air between 85% and 95%. If the humidity is not enough, it is appropriate to spray water, 1~2 times a day. When the lid of Ganoderma lucidum is completely unfolded and the pale white or yellowish edge basically disappears, it can be bagged to collect spores and manage the mushrooms. Under normal circumstances, as long as it is properly managed, it can be harvested three times a year.

In a word, Ganoderma lucidum is an economic fungus with high medicinal value. Properly managed, it can really become a good helper for farmers to get rid of poverty and get rich, and increase production and income.