Epitaph of Princess Jin Xian

This record was engraved in the 24th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (736) and recorded completely. It was written by Princess Jiao Xu, revised by Wei Linghe, recorded in regular script, with 33 lines and 32 words, 12 words, four lines and three words, and stamped with the seal script "Inscription of Ancient (Old) Jin Xian in Tang Dynasty". There are four statues and creeping grass patterns carved around. Zhishi is now in pucheng county Museum, Shaanxi Province.

Second, the year of birth and death of Jin Xian princess royal and its implementation.

Jin Xian princess royal's date of birth and death is not clearly recorded in the history books, and can only be calculated according to the inscriptions. Princess royal, Jin Xian, the daughter of Zong Rui, was born to Zhao Cheng's queen Dou Shi (who was a princess before her death). She is the same mother and brother as Tang Xuanzong and Princess Yu Zhen. According to the preface of the late Jin Xiangong Shi Ming in the Tang Dynasty, "(Princess Jin Xiangong) entered the Taoism at the age of 18 and accepted the law at the age of 23. During Ren Shennian, Kaiyuan Temple Luoyang established Xinsi, and there were four in the Spring and Autumn Period. " Forty-four years later, Princess Jin Xian was born in the first year of Yongchang after Wu (689) and died in the twentieth year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (732).

As for his life, according to the preface of the Chronicle of Shi Ming and Jin Xiangong in the Tang Dynasty: "(Princess Jin Xiangong) entered the Tao at the age of 18 and accepted the law at the age of 23." It is understood that Shenlong worked as a female Taoist priest in Tang Zhongzong for two years. Another "New Tang Book" records that "Princess Jin Xian first sealed the princess of Xicheng. Jingyun went to India first. In the first year of Taiji, Princess Yu Zhen and Princess Yu Zhen were both Taoist priests, building a view of the capital, and alchemist Shi Chong proclaimed himself as a teacher. " "On December 17th, the first year of Jing Yun, Zong Rui entered the Taoist temple as the eighth princess of Xicheng. On April 14th, the princess changed her name to Jin Xian, and the temple was named after Jin Xian. "The eighth female princess Xicheng, the ninth female princess chimelong, safe and innocent, in harmony with the Tao, was honored as the emperor queen. It was the first month of last year that the second princess entered the Taoist temple. " It is known that the time was two years in Jing Yun, and the princess was changed from the king of Xicheng County to the princess of Jin Xian. The daughter of a prince in the Tang Dynasty was a princess, and the princess was the title of the daughter of an ancient emperor. As far as princesses are concerned, they can be classified according to their generations. As early as the Han dynasty, they had already formed a fixed title for princesses with different identities, and they have been called by successive dynasties ever since. The foreign government system in the Tang dynasty also stipulated that "the imperial aunt is a big princess and a good product; Sisters are princess royal and daughters are princesses, all of which are regarded as one product. ". At the beginning of Xuanzong's accession to the throne, the princess was renamed princess royal. According to Jin Xian's epitaph of princess royal: "Fu Jiabao 1400 households". According to the relevant regulations of the Tang Dynasty, the princess enjoys the privilege of being a landowner and can enjoy the food city. Empresses, kings and princesses all have students. In the Tang Dynasty, the imperial court mainly determined the title standard according to the blood relationship between the princess and the emperor and referring to certain generations. According to the old system in the early Tang Dynasty, there were 300 princesses, 300 princess royal princesses and 600 princesses. At the beginning of Xuanzong's accession to the throne, he re-determined the number of princesses: "If your sister is a princess, you will receive a thousand food stamps, and so will Zhongzong's daughter. ..... The imperial daughter gave five hundred concubines. " But there are some special circumstances. Princess Jin Xian, the younger sister of Xuanzong, was named "1,400 households", which shows the social status of Princess Jin Xian at that time.

According to Chi, the Dojo in Kyoto is still under construction. In Taipei, I will listen to this song in Robin. "Beijing refers to Chang 'an, and both refer to Luoyang. Double cultivation of Taoist temples means that Taoist temples have been built in Chang' an and Luoyang. " Tang Yao Hui Volume 50: "Jinxian Temple helps to promote the party. December 17th of the first year of Jing Yun. Zong Rui is the eighth daughter of Princess Xining. Until April 14, 2002. Turn the princess into a golden fairy. This concept was created in the name of Jin Xian. "Chang 'an Chronicle" Fu Jinxian's crown: "In the first year of Jing Yun, there were eight daughters, and the ninth daughter of Princess Changlong in Xicheng was the female crown, so there were two views. In two years, Xicheng was renamed Princess Jin Xian, and Changlong was renamed Princess Yuzhen, and Jin Xian Yuzhen was named. "Chang' an is in Fuxing Square, which is called Jinxian View. The epitaph is about Princess Jin Xian's view in Luoyang Kaiyuan. In the Yuan Dynasty, the moral square in the annals of Henan Province was called Daoxun, and it reached Luoshui in the north. According to Tang Yongchang's analysis, Yongchang County, the second county in Luoyang, Henan Province ruled the southeast corner of this square, and the first square was the residence of Princess Changning and Juchang. Jinglong Taoist Temple, where the north and south live in one and a half square meters, is where Princess Jin Xian lives. "As for whether Luoyang Kaiyuan View is in the Moral Square and whether Kaiyuan View is built for Princess Jin Xian, further research is needed. However, Wen Zhi "still built Taoist temples in Kyoto, stayed in Taipei and collected songs", which shows that Princess Jin Xian also has Taoist temples in Luoyang. The noon of Ren Shennian is May of the 20th year of Kaiyuan. On July 4th, the year of Bingzi (the 24th year of Kaiyuan), he was buried in Tang Ruizong Qiaoling. Two years later, Lord Jin Xiangong was moved and buried in Qiaoling, Shaanxi, which is now pucheng county, Shaanxi.

Third, writers and sculptors.

The epitaph records that Princess Jin Xian visited Kaiyuan Temple in Luoyang. The epitaph, also called "This is written by Xu Ao, a bachelor of Jixian College in Shao Qing, a Chinese medicine practitioner and a founding courtier of Ciyuan County", is written by Xu Ao and is a masterpiece of the imperial court. In May 2004, the epitaph of Jiao Xu in the prosperous Tang Dynasty was unearthed in the north of Zhanggou Village, Longmen Town, the southern suburb of Luoyang City, which provided us with clues to understand Jiao Xu. Epitaph of Jiao Xu: ... Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, transferred to doctor, and moved to the Chinese calligraphy school. Only when you are on duty can you go to the countryside and seek greatness. Jiu Hao sings and chooses one person. Since I joined the business, I have done my duty, but I have been ordered by the cashier king to issue the Cao number. Because of this, the imperial pen praised him and gave him a bundle of treasures, and the list is endless. "From the epitaph, we can know that the epitaph of Jin Xian princess royal is a generation of celebrities. It is rare in epigraphy that Cao and Wei Linghe, relatives of Liangzhou Governor's House, joined forces at Jixian Academy and inscribed their seals. Wei Ling River is unknown and was unearthed in Zhuangyuan Village, the south foot of Wanan Mountain, Lvdian Township, Yichuan County, Luoyang, Henan Province1autumn of 999. The full name is "Epitaph and Preface of Tang Dynasty Left Prime Minister Yan Guogong to Taishi Zhang Gong", written by Zhang Jiuling, written by Liang Shengqing and engraved by Wei Linghe. [2] The engraver signed Wei Linghe, a native of Sanchuan County, Langzhou. Jin Xiangong's official position as the master of Weiling River was that of Cao Jixian in the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), and he was a member of Liangzhou House. It can be seen that it was famous for its good books during the Kaiyuan period. Jin Xian Princess Gai's four-line twelve-character seal script is also quite distinctive, and its seal script is characterized by the combination of square bending and round bending.

Fangshan engraving reached its peak during the hundred years from Li Longji's succession to Mu Zong Changqing (7 12 ~ 824). Princess Jin Xian once presented more than 4,000 copies of old and new translations of the Tang Dynasty to Yunju Temple, and used the wheat fields, orchards and surrounding foothills in the temple as permanent temple products to help engrave Buddhist scriptures and daily expenses, which reflected the support of the highest officials and the royal family in the Tang Dynasty. The author of "The Record of Kaiyuan Teachers' Teaching" was promoted to be an emissary and made a special trip to Yunju Temple, as the base for carving scriptures in Youzhou, which greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of monks for carving scriptures and became an important event in the history of Buddhism. Xuanzong was in power for 45 years, and his religious policy changed obviously in the early and late stages. Generally speaking, the early stage was characterized by cracking down on Buddhism and strongly supporting Taoism, but the enthusiasm was not enough; Later, the restrictions on Buddhism were relaxed. In the twenty-third year of Kaiyuan, he even personally annotated the Buddhist classic "Diamond Sutra" and promulgated it as a Buddhist temple, claiming that "the law of honesty is true and natural, and this sutra is true". In the twenty-sixth year of Kaiyuan, the book said: "Taoism and Buddhism are holy religions, and righteousness belongs to Hongji, courtesy and respect." Xuanzong here regards Buddhism and Taoism as "holy religion", which has the taste of equal treatment. In the twenty-seventh year of Kaiyuan, Xuanzong ordered ten thousand monks and nuns and Taoist priests to be given, and demanded that "every six days of fasting, it is advisable to turn to the scriptures and chant Buddhist scriptures, punish evil and persuade good to show culture and education". Therefore, Wang Shoutai's record that Princess Jin Xian was escorted to Yunju Temple by Zhisheng in the 18th year of Kaiyuan can also be regarded as an important supplement to the religious policy in Xuanzong period. (1) Jin Xiangong's inscription at the end of the Tang Dynasty was combined into one. ② Princess Yu Zhen's book.

(3) Written by Shao Qing, a doctor of Dali, Shang Zhuguo, a bachelor of Jixian Academy, and Xu Jiao, the founding minister of Diyuan County.

(4) Looking up at the scenery, Hehan is beautiful. Myanmar read the article, Xiaoxiang will be in the emperor. Then, the fairy is far blue, the car shows (5) purple, the rank is higher than that of Fan Hou, and the ceremony is the same as the queen. Honor to teach dance, spoil to seek lang, not rich, floating clouds are expensive Enlightenment means that horses (6) should be homogeneous, and returning to virtue should be true. The place where the simplified Chinese version doesn't circulate is found in princess royal, Jin Xian. (7) princesses are taboo, (8) the great-grandson of Emperor Taizong, (9) the great-grandson of Emperor Gaozong, (10) the daughter of Emperor Zong Rui, and (1 1) the eighth sister in the world today. If Guangdong was the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Chongqing should be lightly celebrated, so laws and regulations should also be made for Sun. (12) The princess sent the true qi to stir the vortex water, and taught the fetus to be elegant and graceful, with a full moon and beautiful clouds and a soft and graceful wind. (13) When the first emperor lived in the palace, he was made the princess of Xicheng and Deng Ji was the princess of Jin Xian. /kloc-entered the Tao in 0/8 years, and was accepted three times in 20 years (14). If the husband is golden and purple, the princess is glorious, the green laurel belt is expensive. It's the princess's ambition to be proud of the badge. (15) It's also a holiday to think of Qi Lin's success. The first emperor also agreed and did it. ⅹ( 16) is Tuoyue Bi, Zhenhongying, Yijinque, Jieyujing, Shida, Shangqing, recommended Huanjun, engraved with a golden name,

It is a pleasure to be a lover looked up to by the Nine Immortals and a lover of the Ten Immortals (17). At the same time, the Lord adopted his son Dabao, Ren Xian showed his love to princess royal, and (18) Jiashi donated 1,400 households. Still in Kyoto, Shuanglou Dojo Pavilion, Taipei Pavilion, and then Saint Robin. Pearl-picking Pavilion faces west, listening to Xiao (19) playing the piano. Although I like it very much, I am in a hurry to satirize the purple sky of the book with a piece. The bait Siming Cave (20), the tooth of refining five qi, Princess Jinhua, swims in the wind and smoke. However, the analysis of the queen mother does not conform to the elixir of life; Covering my heart with a mirror, I visited Qin (2 1) Palace. Spend three yuan without tasting four robbed melons. Curator Lu Kong, the plain only exists, Gu Shan lasts forever, and the sea does not chase. During (22nd) Ren Shennian, the afternoon of the tenth day was established, and the concept of opening Luoyang was established. There were four in the Spring and Autumn Period. The more beautiful the year is, it is also a ceremony to bury in Qiaoling at the beginning of July (23rd) and at noon on the fourth day of the fourth day. Zong Zheng holiday, Lantai guard (24) drives, likes empty things, thank you forever. Ten stunning Xia Jing, five clouds running, Hongjing Luopu, crane dancing Wu Xuan, refers to crossing the bridge with a western axe, accompanied by (25) Mo Shou Bei Yuan. The imperial women's platform is the Shouling Cemetery, and the sound of pines is fading. Its inscription says: the government is fair, the history is the official, the virtue is the heir, the grandson is the son, and the ambition is immortal. White clouds and purple flowers, hope for MSI. Wear (27) the colorful moon and look back with Jiao E. On Chang Rong Road, people love each other. Whoever follows the immortal will pay the first (28th) sister. Go fishing and donate your ribbon. The first crown is a small crown, and the waist is a mountain. Luan Bu Ying Gong, Feng Ying Gai. Throughout the past and present, it shows a thousand (29) years. The fire is easy to put out and the platform is easy to tilt. Recognizing this is the commandment, and the problem will be solved easily. God bid farewell to Lop and Xiao went. Wen Yuan was buried and the couple (30) were injured. Feeling sad and sad, facing the hills, the inscription is golden, the years are long, and the sun is setting (3 1), I will be helpless.

(32) In July of the 24th year of Kaiyuan, Jingzi was nearly twenty years old.

(33) Cao, the satrap of Liangzhou, and Wei Linghe, the dean of Jixian College, jointly served as proofreaders and wrote seals. [③]

[1] According to the Shijing of Yunju Temple in Fangshan on page 15, the rubbings were compiled by the Chinese Buddhist Association, and were published by Cultural Relics Publishing House 1 April, 978, Beijing, the first1version.

[2] This account was first found in the epitaph of Shuo in the third issue of Calligraphy Series in 2000, and Li's textual research on the epitaph of Shuo was also published in Cultural Relics in the third issue of 10 in 2000.

[3] According to Calligraphy SeriesNo. 1, p. 65, 2007.