Appreciation of Su Shi's Xi Yu Ting Ji

Song Dynasty: Su Shi

The pavilion is named after the rain, and it is also happy. If the ancients were happy, they would use famous things to show that they would not forget. Duke of Zhou got the grain with the title of the book; Hanwu is famous for years; An enemy of Uncle Sun Sheng, named after his son. His joy is uneven, and he never forgets one.

Give it to the next year and then rule the official residence. In order to stand in the north of the main hall, we dug a pond to drain water and plant trees in the south, thinking it was a resting place. It is the spring of another year, and the rain wheat has occupied the year in the sunshine of Qishan. People are worried when it doesn't rain in the middle of the moon. In March, it was raining second base, and it was raining second base. People think this is not enough. Ding Mao's heavy rain stopped in three days. Officials celebrate in the court, businessmen sing in the city, farmers linger in the wild, those who are worried are happy, those who are sick are treated, and my pavilion is suitable.

So he held the wine on the pavilion and told it as a guest, saying, "It won't rain for five days?" He said, "If it doesn't rain for five days, there will be no wheat." "It won't rain for ten days?" He said, "If it doesn't rain for ten days, the grain will not be harvested." "No wheat, no food, hungry at the age of, prosperous prison litigation, thief zi chi. So my second son and my third son, although we also want to travel and enjoy this pavilion, have we got it? Today, we will not leave the people behind, we will give them rain at the beginning of the drought. Those who make me live in harmony with my second and third sons and enjoy this pavilion are all given by the rain. Can you forget? "

The pavilion is not only famous, but also sung, saying, "it makes the rain drop, which the cold can't think of;" It makes it rain like jade, and hungry people will never think it is millet. It has been raining for three days. Who can help? People say satrap. If there is no satrap, it is the son of heaven. The son of heaven said otherwise, it was the return of creation. If you don't think you have succeeded, you will return to space. Space is invisible and cannot be named. I am famous for my pavilion. "

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This pavilion is named after Rain to commemorate a festival event. In ancient times, when there were happy events, they were used to name things to show that they would never forget. When the Duke of Zhou got rice grains from the emperor, he used "Golden Harvest" as the title of his article. When Emperor Wudi got Baoding, he called it Ding Yuan. Uncle Sun Chende defeated the enemy, so he took Qiaoru as his son name. Their happy events are different in size, but they have the same meaning.

It was not until the second year of Fufeng that the official residence was built. I built a pavilion in the north of the main hall, dug a pond in the south, drew running water and planted trees as a resting place. This spring, wheat planted to the south of Qishan. I thought it would be a good year. However, it didn't rain for a whole month, so people were worried. It rained on the third day of March, and it rained again on Jiazi Day. People think this is not enough. It rained heavily again on Ding Mao Day, and it didn't stop for three days. Officials celebrated together in the yard, businessmen sang together in the market, and farmers laughed together in the field. So, the sad people were happy, the sick people were cured, and my pavilion was just created.

So I held a banquet in the pavilion and told the guests about it by persuading them to drink. I asked them, "Can it not rain for five days?" They replied,' If it doesn't rain for five days, the wheat won't grow. "Asked again," it doesn't rain for ten days? "They replied," If it doesn't rain for ten days, you can't grow live rice. " "Without wheat and rice, the years are naturally deserted, there are many lawsuits, and thieves are rampant. So even if you and I want to have fun on this pavilion, is it possible? Now God does not abandon the people here. It rains whenever there is drought, so that I can play and enjoy music with you in this pavilion. Thank you for the gift of this rain! Can this be forgotten again? "

After naming the pavilion with it, I went on to sing. The lyrics say: "if there is a pearl in the world, people who suffer from cold can't use it as a short coat;" If there is white jade in the world, hungry people can't take it as food. It rained for three days. Whose strength is this? The people say it's the satrap, and the satrap says it doesn't have this power. Thanks to the son of heaven, the son of heaven denied it. It belongs to the creator, and the creator does not regard it as his own credit, but belongs to space. And the space is so ethereal that I can't name it, so I use it to name my pavilion.

To annotate ...

Pool: Remember.

Duke Zhou got this kind of grain and named his book: Zhou Chengwang got a "different kind of grain" and gave it to Duke Zhou, who wrote a "golden harvest".

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty got the tripod, named after the year: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty got the Abao tripod in the seventh year of Yuanshou (before 1 16), so the year was changed to the first year of Ding Yuan. According to the research of Tongjian, Debaoding should be in Ding Yuan for four years, and then it was renamed as Ding Yuan.

The revenge of the uncle was named after his son: Lu Wengong sent his uncle and grandson to resist the invasion of the Northern Emperor, and captured and captured the overseas Chinese of the Northern Emperor. Uncle Suntong changed his son's name to "Qiaoru".

Fufeng: Fengxiang House.

Next year: the second year.

Governance: construction.

Rain wheat: It happened to rain when the wheat seedlings turned green.

Zhan: Divination.

One year: If there is grain in 2008, it means a bumper harvest.

M: Complete and full.

Rain, rain.

Mao Yi: The second day of the fourth lunar month.

Jiazi: The 11th day of the fourth lunar month.

Ding Mao: There are 14 mouths in April of the lunar calendar.

Phase: Convergence.

Jia: It refers to sitting in a business.

You: joy, joy.

This is a daily - happened thing.

Genus: the same as "persuading wine", which means persuading wine.

He: Xiaomi is Xiaomi.

Recommend hunger: The ancients said, "Recommend when you are young", so "Recommend hunger" means: continuous famine.

Son: increase.

Pool: exuberant.

Youyou: A carefree and comfortable manner.

S: these.

Kick: Here.

Yan: short clothes, here refers to all clothes.

Me: auxiliary word, unintentional.

No: a "no" means otherwise.

Creation: the creator (that is, God) or refers to heaven.

Invisible: lofty and slim.

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Strangely, few people write happiness in the form of prose in literature. Therefore, Su Shi's essay Xi Yu Ting Ji is very prominent. Of course, it is not surprising if you write this theme yourself just because the predecessors didn't write it, and it is a contribution to the history of literature. Once later generations take over writing and surpass the works of predecessors, the former can only have a little literary history value, not to mention the eternal value of art. Su Shi's Xi Yu Ting Ji is not like this, because it has high artistic value and many interesting places. Perhaps it is this that makes later writers flinch and willingly make Su Shi stand out from the crowd.

At the beginning, the article pointed out the naming reason of "rain", which is closely related to the word "Xi". He quoted three major events in the calendar as a foreshadowing, indicating that the ancients had happy events, and they were often named after them to commemorate them, or they also meant to herald happy events in the future. All three things are interesting. Because they are related to national politics, and some of them also contain the relationship between heaven and man. First, according to legend, Zhou Chengwang's half-brother and uncle got a different kind of grain and gave it to Wang Cheng. King Cheng transferred the grain to the Duke of Zhou. Duke Zhou then wrote an article "Golden Harvest". Second, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty got a Baoding in Fenshui in May 1 16 BC, so he changed the year number to the first year. The third thing, in the eleventh year of Lu Wengong, the Northern Emperor secretly attacked Lu, and Lu Wengong sent his uncle Sun to defend against the enemy and captured the monarch Qiao Ru, so he named his son Qiao Ru. The last thing, for people today, is almost inexplicable. Why use the enemy's name as the son's name? This is something worth studying. In any case, this is the author's foreshadowing for Rain Pavilion. With this foreshadowing, it is logical to talk about things and rain. This is like a syllogism of major premise and minor premise in logic. With the major premise, the following words are easy to say and acceptable.

In his second year in Fengxiang House, Su Shi built official houses, did administrative work, dug ponds to drain water and beautify the environment. Unfortunately, it didn't rain for a whole month and drought appeared, so disaster would be the inevitable result. Looking at Yun Ni in the early morning, people's worries can be imagined. Here, it just shows the ingenuity of Su Shi's pen and ink. As we know, when Su Shi was writing Fu on the Back of Red Cliff, he once said that he was lonely and just happened to have two friends. First frost dewdrop, the bright moon is attractive, and you want to drink it empty. A good wife has just presented a long-cherished wine; There was nothing to drink, just as the guest smiled and took out fresh water. Everything is so coincidental and satisfying. It's the same here People are eager for rain, and the result is "it rains the first day, and it rains the next day". This kind of sentence is easy, but it is not tasteless. It's very similar to the language in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, but it's a question and prediction in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and it's truthfully provided here for fascinating reading. Is it enough? "People think it's not enough. Ding Mao's heavy rain will stop in three days!" According to the survey, Mao Yi is the second day of April, Jiazi is April 11th, and Ding Mao is April 14th. It rained three times in a row in half a month. The first two times were not enough, and the third time it rained for three consecutive days. It's raining hard, it's raining hard, it's raining hard Say good rain, like rain, this is really good rain, like rain! Du Fu's "sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently" always makes people feel subtle and not atmospheric enough. Here, we should pay attention to the function of the sentence "people think it is not enough". Only when this suppression and decline, and then the next three days of heavy rain, can show the effect. Without this sentence, of course it can be established, but it is much softer to read.

The cheerful atmosphere produced by this heavy rain is considerable: "officials celebrate with the imperial court, businessmen celebrate with the city, farmers mourn with the wilderness, those who are worried are happy, and those who are sick are recovering ...". This is a happy picture of the whole people enjoying the happiness of the government and the people. Compared with Ouyang Xiu's Taishou and Joy of the People, it is really far from it, because Ouyang Xiu's music is not practical, overhead and floating, but is creating articles and feelings, and Su Shi writes truthfully here. We seem to have joined Su Shi's love rain scene. Only in this way, it is natural and meaningful for Su Shi to name the newly completed pavilion "Happy Rain".

The name of the pavilion has its own origin. After making it clear, it means that this song will eventually be elegant and beautiful. However, Su Shi did a good article here, saying that he rummaged through everything surprisingly well and dared to trace back to the source. In any case, the author shows amazing artistic skills here. The author turns his pen in different directions and discusses "Happy Rain" from the perspective of negative people by asking questions. The winding path leads to a secluded place. Let's think about it, maybe this is the way to continue to write about this rain, but Su Shi found it, not necessarily by accident, but maybe it was Su Shi's real skill. The article said: "It won't rain for five days? Say: it doesn't rain for five days, and there is no wheat. ..... ten days without rain? Say: it doesn't rain for ten days, and the grain won't be harvested. " No wheat, no food, famine everywhere, thieves, people suffering. But in less than five days, less than ten days, the rain suddenly came and benefited our people. How can it be said that God is unkind to the whole people? With such a passage, the article looks very full and plump, which is even more gratifying in contrast.

At this point, Su Shi began to write calligraphy, dancing and writing ink, which is also wonderful. "Make the sky rain beads, cold people may not think Yan; When it rains, I'm so hungry that I can't think of Xiaomi. If it rains for three consecutive days, who can help? People say that satrap does not exist; For the son of heaven, the son of heaven said otherwise; Creation belongs to creation, and creation does not take credit; Back in space, space is invisible and can't be named. I am named after my pavilion. " You see, he still boarded the pavilion, one step at a time, and made great contributions. Like painting cakes, he found a sentence in front of the satrap, the son of heaven, creation and space, so that all these people silently and modestly refused this honor. How beautiful it is, all the governors have presented it and then put it on the theme. In that case, let's name it after. A virtual reality, a push, a push, will always be the original intention of Xiang Zhuang sword dance.

The author is obsessed with a word "rain" and a word "happiness". In less than 500 words, the word "rain" appeared 15 times, twice as a verb, and "hi" and "le" appeared six times. From beginning to end, it was a happy and rainy atmosphere.

In ancient China, since Mencius, founders and officials should have the idea of having fun with the people. There are many people who write such works, but not many really write well. Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Drunk Pavilion is one of them, and Su Shi's article is even better. Good is implemented, not empty.

This article also has some noteworthy remarks. First, there are many parallelism sentences. For example, in the first paragraph, in order to show that the ancients remembered famous things when they had happy events, the author gave three examples. Three examples are three parallelism sentences. With the help of this syntax, readers have a sense of thorough reasoning and enrichment in meaning. After the second period of heavy rain, the happy scenes of the people and the "rain beads" and "rain jade" in the fourth paragraph are also in the form of parallelism. When people are full of joy and dancing, words must be changed, and it is impossible to have an orderly organization of words to attract people's attention. Second, the ending rhymes. The ending of Xi Yu Ting Ji is very interesting. It not only takes care of the beginning, but also gives people a lot of associations, which deserves our attention. Su Shi's philosophical thought is the unity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In his poems, there are often sentences asking questions about nature to express his outlook on life and his optimistic feelings. Who should I thank after this heavy rain? His imagination here is from the satrap to the son of heaven, from the son of heaven to the sky, and from the sky to the creation, in which "jade" rhymes with "millet", "heaven" rhymes with "strength", "merit" rhymes with "emptiness" and "ghost" rhymes with "name", which all form a systematic feeling and are full of energy.

Why was Guanzhong rich in ancient times, but unknown in modern times, especially after the Tang Dynasty? Has our race degenerated? Recently, I read (the history of immigration in Tang Dynasty), and I seem to have found some answers. In the wave of migration from the late Tang Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty, Guanzhong area was the first to bear the brunt, and a large number of people moved eastward, first passing through Luoyang, and then to Suzhou, Yangzhou and other canal areas. Fan Zhongyan, a famous great writer, was born in Bin County, Shaanxi Province, but he was from Suzhou. However, we can still feel the heroic demeanor of his descendants in Shaanxi from his literary works. Fan Zhongyan later served as an official in Shaanxi for many years, serving mulberry. In fact, there were13 northern immigrants in Wuxian (now Suzhou) at the end of the Tang Dynasty. In fact, whether from Haojing in the Western Zhou Dynasty to Luoyi in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty; Or Chang 'an in the Western Han Dynasty to Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty; During the 42 years from Yang Di's move to Luoyang to Wu Zetian's living in Luoyang, the migration of population from Guanzhong area to Luoyang has been one-way and moved to the southeast again. There are also Kunshan people in ancient and Ming dynasties who spent many years in Huashan and wrote the quatrain "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world". Writing here, I have to mention Su Dongpo, a great writer. He was a book signing judge of Fengxiang House at the beginning of Su Dongpo's official career, which is my hometown Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province, which is Xijing in the Tang Dynasty. He used to be the residence of talented people and nobles in the late Tang Dynasty. Su Dongpo has been a book signing judge in Fengxiang Building for three years, which can be said to have a great influence on his life value. It is precisely because of the simple folk customs in his hometown and the influence of his hometown culture, the birthplace of Zhou and Qin culture, that his writing style has been affected. If a person's first love is the hardest to forget, then Su Dongpo can't forget the good times in Fengxiang, so that when he was later demoted to Huangzhou, he met Chen Jichang, a young ranger in Fengxiang, and they also remembered the scene of galloping in the north mountain of Fengxiang. In addition, the "Phoenix Pool" (Fengxiang East Lake) built in Fengxiang's office that year was later cloned successfully in Hangzhou West Lake and Huizhou West Lake in Guangdong. The article Xi Yu Ting Ji embodies his great thought of having fun with the people.